Cover not available
Part of
Handbook of Pragmatics: Manual
Edited by Jef Verschueren and Jan-Ola Östman
[Handbook of Pragmatics M2] 2022
► pp. 139–163

Clinical pragmatics

Article outline
  • 1.The scope of clinical pragmatics
  • 2.Theoretical issues
    • 2.1Is pragmatic impairment a neurological, cognitive or behavioural phenomenon?
    • 2.2Modular vs interactionist theories of pragmatic impairment
  • 3.Describing pragmatic impairment
    • 3.1Pragmatic profiles
    • 3.2Pragmatic theories and frameworks
    • 3.3Neuropragmatics
    • 3.4Cognitive pragmatics
  • 4.The range of pragmatic impairments
    • 4.1Primary pragmatic impairment
      • 4.1.1Right hemisphere damage
      • 4.1.2Traumatic brain injury
      • 4.1.3Dementia
      • 4.1.4Schizophrenia
      • 4.1.5Autistic spectrum disorder
    • 4.2Secondary pragmatic impairment
      • 4.2.1Nonfluent aphasia
      • 4.2.2Fluent aphasia
      • 4.2.3Specific Language Impairment
      • 4.2.4Sensorimotor dysfunction
  • 5.Clinical pragmatics and pragmatic theory
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 3 October 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.cli1
References (176)
References
Adams, C. & D. V. M. Bishop. 1989. Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorder. I: Exchange structure, turntaking, repairs and cohesion. British Journal of Disorders of Communication 24: 211–239. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Adams, C., J. Green, A. Gilchrist & A. Cox. 2002. Conversational behaviour of children with Asperger syndrome and conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(5): 679–690. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ahlsén, E. 2008. Conversational implicature and communication impairment. In M. J. Ball, M. R. Perkins, N. Müller & S. Howard (eds.) The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics: 32–38. Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Allen, H. A. 1983. Do positive and negative symptom subtypes of schizophrenia show qualitative differences in language production? Psychological Medicine 13: 787–797. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Almor, A., D. Kempler, M. C. Macdonald, E. S. Andersen & L. K. Tyler. 1999. Why do Alzheimer patients have difficulty with pronouns? Working memory, semantics, and reference in comprehension and production in Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Language 67: 202–227. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatrist Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV) (4th edition). American Psychiatric Association. Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. 1979. Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 36: 1315–1323. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Audet, L. R. & D. N. Ripich. 1994. Psychiatric disorders and discourse problems. In D. N. Ripich & N. A. Creaghead (eds.) School Discourse Problems (2nd Edition): 191–227. Singular. Google Scholar
Ball, M. J., M. R. Perkins, N. Müller & S. Howard (Eds.) 2008. The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics. Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bara, B. G. 2000. Neuropragmatics: brain and communication. Brain and Language 71: 10–14. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bara, B. G., F. M. Bosco, & M. Bucciarelli. 1999. Developmental pragmatics in normal and abnormal children. Brain and Language 68: 507–528. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barnes, M. A. & M. Dennis. 1998. Discourse after early-onset hydrocephalus: core deficits in children of average intelligence. Brain and Language 61: 309–334. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. 1989. Do autistic children have obsessions and compulsions? British Journal of Clinical Psychology 28: 193–200. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1995. Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind. MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bates, E., D. Thal & B. Macwhinney. 1991. A functionalist approach to language and its implications for assessment and intervention. In T. M. Gallagher (ed.) Pragmatics of Language: Clinical Practice Issues: 133–161. Chapman & Hall. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bates, E., B. Wulfeck, A. Hernandez & E. Andanova. 1996. The Competition Model: implications for language processing, language development and language breakdown. In B. Kokinov (ed.) Perspectives on Cognitive Science, vol. 2: 7–72. New Bulgarian University. Google Scholar
Benjamin, L., A. Debinski, D. Fletcher, C. Hedger, M. Mealings & A. Stewart-Scott. 1989. The use of the Bethesda Conversational Skills Profile in closed head injury. In V. Anderson & M. ­bailey (eds.) Theory and Function: Bridging the Gap. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Brain Impairment Conference: 57–65. Australian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment. Google Scholar
Bihrle, A. M., H. H. Brownell, J. A. Powelson & H. Gardner. 1986. Comprehension of humorous and non-humorous materials by left and right brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition 5: 399–411. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bishop, D. V. M. 1998. Development of the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC): A method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39(6): 879–891. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000. What's so special about Asperger’s disorder? The need for further explanation of the borderlands of autism. In A. Klin, F. Volkmar & S. Sparrow (eds.) Asperger’s Syndrome: 254–277. Guilford Press. Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. M. & C. Adams. 1992. Comprehension problems in children with specific language impairment – literal and inferential meaning. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 35: 119–129. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bissett, J. D. & A. M. Novak. 1995. Drawing inferences from emotional situations: Left versus right hemisphere deficit. Clinical Aphasiology 23: 217–225. Google Scholar
Blank, M., M. Gessner & A. Esposito. 1979. Language without communication: A case study. Journal of Child Language 6: 329–352. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bloch, S. 2005. Co-constructing meaning in acquired speech disorders: word and letter repetition in the construction of turns. In K. Richards & P. Seedhouse (eds.) Applying Conversation Analysis: 38–55. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brady, M., L. Armstrong & C. Mackenzie. 2005. Further evidence on topic use following right hemisphere brain damage: procedural and descriptive discourse. Aphasiology 19(8): 731–747. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brinton, B. & M. Fujiki. 1994. Ability of institutionalized and community-based adults with retardation to respond to questions in an interview context. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 37(2): 369–377. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bryan, K. L. 1988. Assessment of language disorders after right hemisphere damage. British Journal of Disorders of Communication 23: 111–125. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1989. The Right Hemisphere Language Battery. Far Communications. Google Scholar
Caplan, R. 1996. Discourse deficits in childhood schizophrenia. In J. Beitchman, N. Cohen, M. ­konstantareas & R. Tannock (eds.) Language, Learning and Behavior Disorders: Developmental, Biological and Clinical Perspectives: 156–177. Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Carlomagno, S. 1994. Pragmatic Approaches to Aphasia Therapy. Whurr. Google Scholar
Caspari, I. & S. R. Parkinson. 2000. Effects of memory impairment on discourse. Journal of Neurolinguistics 13(1): 15–36. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S. B., A. P. Highley & J. L. Thompson. 1998. Discourse in fluent aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: linguistic and pragmatic considerations. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11: 55–78. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chelune, G., W. Ferguson, R. Koon & T. Dickey. 1986. Frontal lobe disinhibition in attention deficit disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 16: 221–234. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Clark, H. H. 1996. Using Language. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Coelho, C. A. 1999. Discourse analysis in traumatic brain injury. In S. Mcdonald, L. Togher & C. Code (eds.) Communication Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: 55–79. Psychology Press. Google Scholar
Coggins, T. E., T. Friet & T. Morgan. 1998. Analysing narrative productions in older school-age children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome: an experimental tool for clinical applications. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 12(3): 221–236. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Collins, S., I. Markova & J. Murphy. 1997. Bringing conversations to a close: the management of closings in interactions between AAC users and ‘natural’ speakers. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 11(6): 467–493. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Craig, H. K. 1995. Pragmatic impairments. In P. Fletcher & B. Macwhinney (eds.) The Handbook of Child Language: 623–640. Blackwell. Google Scholar
Crystal, D. 1992. Profiling Linguistic Disability (2nd edition). Whurr. Google Scholar
1997. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (4th edition). Blackwell. Google Scholar
Damico, J. S. 1985. Clinical discourse analysis: A functional approach to language assessment. In C. S. Simon (ed.) Communication Skills and Classroom Success: 165–204. Taylor and Francis. Google Scholar
Davis, G. A. & M. J. Wilcox. 1985. Adult Aphasia Rehabilitation: Applied Pragmatics. College Hill Press. Google Scholar
Dewart, H. & S. Summers. 1988. The Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills. NFER-Nelson. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dewart, H. 1995. The Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills in Pre-school and School-aged Children. NFER-Nelson. Google Scholar
Dipper, L. T., K. L. Bryan & J. Tyson. 1997. Bridging inference and Relevance Theory: an account of right hemisphere inference. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 11(3): 213–228. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Donahue, M. L. 1994. Differences in classroom discourse styles of students with learning disabilities. In D. N. Ripich & N. A. Creaghead (eds.) School Discourse Problems (2nd edition): 229–261. Singular. Google Scholar
Dronkers, N. F., C. A. Ludy & B. B. Redfern. 1998. Pragmatics in the absence of verbal language: descriptions of a severe aphasic and a language-deprived adult. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11: 179–190. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fisher, S. & A. D. Todd (eds.) 1983. The Social Organization of Doctor-Patient Communication. ­Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington DC. Google Scholar
Fletcher, P. C., F. Happe, U. Frith, S. C. Baker, R. J. Dolan, R. S. J. Frackowiak & C. D. Frith. 1995. Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of ‘theory of mind’ in story comprehension. Cognition 57: 109–128. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Friedland, D. & N. Miller. 1998. Conversation analysis of communication breakdown after closed head injury. Brain Injury 12(1): 1–14. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Frith, U. 1989. Autism: Explaining the Enigma. Blackwell. Google Scholar
Garcia, L. J., L. Metthe, J. Paradis & Y. Joanette. 2001. Relevance is in the eye and ear of the beholder: an example from populations with a neurological impairment. Aphasiology 15(1): 17–38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, C. 2000. Gesture, aphasia, and interaction. In D. Mcneill (ed.) Language and Gesture: 84–98. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Griffith, P. L., D. N. Ripich & S. L. Dastoli. 1986. Story structure, cohesion, and propositions in story recalls by learning-disabled and nondisabled children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 15(6): 539–555. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grodzinsky, Y. 2000. The neurology of syntax: language use without Broca’s area. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(1): 1–71. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gutfreund, M., M. Harrison & G. Wells. 1989. Bristol Language Development Scales: Manual. NFER-Nelson. Google Scholar
Happe, F. G. E. 1991. The autobiographical writings of three Asperger syndrome adults: Problems of interpretation and implications for theory. In U. Frith (ed.) Autism and Asperger Syndrome: 207–242. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Heeschen, C. & Schegloff, E. A. 2003. Aphasic agrammatism as interactional artifact and achievement. In C. Goodwin (ed.) Conversation and Brain Damage: 231–282. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Hobson, R. P., J. Ouston & A. Lee. 1989. Naming emotion in faces and voices: Abilities and disabilities in autism and mental retardation. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 7: 237–250. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holland, A. L. 1980. Communicative Abilities in Daily Living. University Park Press. Google Scholar
1982. Observing functional communication of aphasic adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 47: 50–56. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holtgraves, T. 1999. Comprehending indirect replies: when and how are their conveyed meanings activated? Journal of Memory and Language 41: 519–540. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Howard, S. J. 1993. Articulatory constraints on a phonological system: a case study of cleft palate speech. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 7(4): 299–317. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hudson, L. J. & B. E. Murdoch. 1992. Spontaneously generated narratives of children treated for posterior fossa tumour. Aphasiology 6(6): 549–566. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Joanette, Y. & A. I. Ansaldo. 1999. Clinical note: acquired pragmatic impairments and aphasia. Brain and Language 68: 529–534. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Joanette, Y. & H. H. Brownell (eds.) 1990. Discourse Ability and Brain Damage: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Springer-Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Johnson-Laird, P. N. 1995. Mental models, deductive reasoning, and the brain. In M. S. Gazzaniga (ed.) The Cognitive Neurosciences: 999–1008. MIT Press. Google Scholar
Kasher, A. 1984. Pragmatics and the modularity of mind. Journal of Pragmatics 8: 539–557. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kasher, A., G. Batori, N. Soroker, D. Graves & E. Zaidel. 1999. Effects of right- and left-hemisphere damage on understanding conversational implicatures. Brain and Language 68: 566–590. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kegl, J. A. & H. Poizner. 1998. Shifting the burden to the interlocutor: compensation for pragmatic deficits in signers with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11: 137–152. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kretschmer, R. R. & L. W. Kretschmer. 1994. Discourse and Hearing Impairment. In D. N. Ripich & N. A. Creaghead (eds.) School Discourse Problems (2nd edition): 263–296. Singular. Google Scholar
Leinonen, E. & D. Kerbel. 1999. Relevance theory and pragmatic impairment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 34(4): 367–390. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lesser, R. & L. Algar. 1995. Towards combining the cognitive neuropsychological and the pragmatic in aphasia therapy. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 5: 67–92. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lesser, R. & L. Milroy. 1993. Linguistics and Aphasia: Psycholinguistic and Pragmatic Aspects of Intervention. Longman. Google Scholar
Letts, S. 1985. Linguistic interaction in the clinic: how do therapists do therapy? Child language Teaching and Therapy 1: 321–331. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. MIT Press. Google Scholar
Loveland, K. A., S. H. Landry, S. O. Hughes, S. K. Hall & R. Mcevoy. 1988. Speech acts and the pragmatic deficits of autism. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 31: 593–604. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Loveland, K. A., R. Mcevoy, B. Tunali & M. L. Kelley. 1990. Narrative story telling in autism and Down's syndrome. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 8: 9–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lovett, M. W., M. Dennis & J. E. Newman. 1986. Making reference: the cohesive use of pronouns in the narrative discourse of hemidecorticate adolescents. Brain and Language 29: 224–251. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lueger, R. & K. Gill. 1990. Frontal lobe cognitive dysfunction in conduct disorder adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology 46: 696–706. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mcdonald, S. 1993a. Pragmatic language loss after closed head injury: inability to meet the informational needs of the listener. Brain and Language 44: 28–46. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993b. Viewing the brain sideways? Frontal versus right hemisphere explanations of non-aphasic language disorders. Aphasiology 7(6): 535–549. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1999. Exploring the process of inference generation in sarcasm: A review of normal and clinical studies. Brain and Language 68: 486–506. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mcdonald, S. & S. Pearce. 1996. Clinical insights into pragmatic theory: frontal lobe deficits and sarcasm. Brain and Language 53: 81–104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1998. Requests that overcome listener reluctance: impairment associated with executive dysfunction in brain injury. Brain and Language 61: 88–104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mctear, M. F. & G. Conti-Ramsden. 1992. Pragmatic Disability in Children. Whurr. Google Scholar
Meilijson, S. R., A. Kasher & A. Elizur. 2004. Language performance in chronic schizophrenia: a pragmatic approach. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 47(3): 695–713. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Merrison, S. & A. J. Merrison. 2005. Repair in speech and language therapy interaction: investigating pragmatic language impairment of children. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 21(2): 191–211. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mills, A. E. 1993. Language acquisition and development with sensory impairment: blind children. In G. Blanken, J. Dittmann, H. Grimm, J. C. Marshall & C.-W. Wallesch (eds.) Linguistic Disorders and Pathologies: An International Handbook: 679–687. Walter de Gruyter. Google Scholar
Miranda, A. E., A. Mccabe & L. S. Bliss. 1998. Jumping around and leaving things out: a profile of the narrative abilities of children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics 19: 647–667. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mitchley, N. J., J. Barber, J. M. Gray, D. N. Brooks & M. G. Livingston. 1998. Comprehension of irony in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 3(2): 127–138. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mogford-Bevan, K. 1993. Language acquisition and development with sensory impairment: hearing-impaired children. In G. Blanken, J. Dittmann, H. Grimm, J. C. Marshall & C.-W. Wallesch (eds.) Linguistic Disorders and Pathologies: An International Handbook: 660–679. Walter de Gruyter. Google Scholar
Molloy, R., H. H. Brwonell & H. Gardner. 1990. Discourse comprehension by right-hemisphere stroke patients: deficits of prediction and revision. In Y. Joanette & H. H. Brownell (eds.): 113–130. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Morris, C. W. 1938. Foundations of the theory of signs. In O. Neurath, R. Carnap & C. Morris (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Unified Science: 77–138. University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Morris-Stewart, S. L., P. C. Williamson, W. C. Corning, S. P. Kutcher, W. G. Snow & H. Merskey. 1992. Frontal and non-frontal lobe neuropsychological test performance and clinical symptomatology in schizophrenia. Psychological medicine 22: 353–359. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ninio, A., P. Wheeler, C. E. Snow, B. A. Pan & P. R. Rollins. 1991. INCA-A: Inventory of Communicative Acts – Abridged. Harvard Graduate School of Education. Google Scholar
Oelschlaeger, M. L. & J. S. Damico. 1998. Joint productions as a conversational strategy in aphasia. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 12(6): 459–480. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ozonoff, S. & J. N. Miller. 1996. An exploration of right-hemisphere contributions to the pragmatic impairments of autism. Brain and Language 52: 411–434. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M. 1998a. The other side of language: pragmatic competence. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11: 1–10. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 1998b. Pragmatics in Neurogenic Communication Disorders. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11(1/2) (Special Issue). DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2003. Cerebral representation of language. In J. Verschueren, J.-O. Östman, J. Blommaert & C. Bulcaen (eds.) Handbook of Pragmatics: 1–20. John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Penn, C. 1985. The profile of communicative appropriateness. The South African Journal of Communication Disorders 32: 18–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1988. The profiling of syntax and pragmatics in aphasia. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 2: 179–208. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1999. Pragmatic assessment and therapy for persons with brain damage: What have clinicians gleaned in two decades? Brain and Language 68: 535–552. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Perkins, L. 1995. Applying conversation analysis to aphasia: clinical implications and analytic issues. Aphasiology 30(3): 372–383. Google Scholar
Perkins, L., A. Whitworth & R. Lesser. 1997. Conversation Analysis Profile for People with Cognitive Impairments (CAPPCI). Whurr. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Perkins, M. R. 1998. Is pragmatics epiphenomenal?: evidence from communication disorders. Journal of Pragmatics 29: 291–311. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000. The scope of pragmatic disability: a cognitive approach. In N. Müller (ed.) Pragmatics and Clinical Applications: 7–28. John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2001. Compensatory strategies in SLI. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 15: 67–71. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2005. Pragmatic ability and disability as emergent phenomena. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 19(5): 367–377. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2007. Pragmatic Impairment. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010. Pragmatic impairment. In J. S. Damico, N. Müller & M. J. Ball (eds.) The Handbook of Language and Speech Disorders: 227–246. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Perkins, M. R., R. Body & M. Parker. 1995. Closed head injury: assessment and remediation of topic bias and repetitiveness. In M. R. Perkins & S. J. Howard (eds.) Case Studies in Clinical Linguistics: 293–320. Whurr. Google Scholar
Perkins, M. R., S. Dobbinson, J. Boucher, S. Bol & P. Bloom. 2006. Lexical knowledge and lexical use in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Perkins, M. R. & S. Howard. 2011. Clinical linguistics. In J. Simpson (ed.) Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics: 111–123Routledge. Google Scholar
Perkins, M. R. & R. Varley. 1996. A Machine-Readable Corpus of Aphasic Discourse. University of Sheffield: Department of Human Communication Sciences/Institute for Language, Speech and Hearing (ILASH). Google Scholar
Prinz, P. & F. Weiner. 1987. The Pragmatics Screening Test. Psychological Corporation. Google Scholar
Prutting, C. A. & D. M. Kirchner. 1983. Applied pragmatics. In T. M. Gallagher & C. A. Prutting (eds.) Pragmatic Assessment and Intervention Issues in Language: 29–64. College Hill Press. Google Scholar
. 1987. A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 52: 105–119. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ramig, L. O. 1992. The role of phonation in speech intelligibility: a review and preliminary data from patients with Parkinson's disease. In R. D. Kent (ed.) Intelligibility in Speech Disorders: Theory, Measurement and Management: 119–155. John benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rattenbury, K., M. R. Perkins & V. Stojanovik. (in press). Conversational success in Williams syndrome: communication in the face of cognitive and linguistic limitations. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics.
Reilly, J., E. S. Klima & U. Bellugi. 1990. Once more with feeling: affect and language in atypical populations. Development and Psychopathology 2: 367–391. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Reilly, J. S., E. Bates & V. Marchman. 1998. Narrative discourse in children with early focal brain injury. Brain and Language 61(3): 335–375. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rein, R. P. & K. T. Kernan. 1989. The functional use of verbal perseverations by adults who are mentally retarded. Education and Training in Mental Retardation 24: 381–389. Google Scholar
Rhys, C. S. 2001. Interlocutor discourse practices in response to the word finding problems of an Alzheimer's patient. Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie 10(4): 233–247. Google Scholar
Ribeiro, B. T. 1994. Coherence in Psychotic Discourse. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Ripich, D., B. D. Carpenter & E. W. Ziol. 2000. Conversational cohesion patterns in men and women with Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 35(1): 49–64. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R. M. & R. J. Kreuz. 1993. Nonstandard discourse and its coherence. Discourse Processes 16: 451–464. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ross, E. D., R. D. Thompson & J. Yenkosky. 1997. Lateralization of affective prosody in brain and the callosal integration of hemispheric language functions. Brain and Language 56: 27–54. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roth, F. P. & N. J. Spekman. 1984a. Assessing the pragmatic abilities of children: Part 1. Organizational framework and assessment parameters. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 49: 2–11. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1984b. Assessing the pragmatic abilities of children: Part 2. Guidelines, considerations, and specific evaluation procedures. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 49: 12–17. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. (ed.) 1997. Autism as an Executive Disorder. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Ryan, B. P. 2000. Speaking rate, conversational speech acts, interruption, and linguistic complexity of 20 pre-school stuttering and non-stuttering children and their mothers. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 14(1): 25–51. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, E. A. 1999. Discourse, pragmatics, conversation, analysis. Discourse Studies 1(4): 405–435. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schelletter, C. & E. Leinonen. 2003. Normal and language-impaired children's use of reference: syntactic versus pragmatic processing. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 17(4/5): 335–343. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shimamura, A. P. 1995. Memory and frontal lobe function. In M. S. Gazzaniga (ed.) The Cognitive Neurosciences: 803–813. MIT Press. Google Scholar
Shulman, B. 1985. Test of Pragmatic Skills. Communication Skill Builders. Google Scholar
Simmons-Mackie, N. & J. Damico. 1997. Reformulating the definition of compensatory strategies in aphasia. Aphasiology 11: 761–781. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, J. M. & R. M. Coulthard. 1975. Towards an Analysis of Discourse. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Sinclair, M. 1995. Fitting pragmatics into the mind: some issues in mentalist pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 23: 509–539. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Snow, D. 1996. A linguistic account of a developmental, semantic-pragmatic disorder: evidence from a case study. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 10(4): 281–298. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Snow, P. & J. Douglas. 1999. Discourse rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. In S. ­mcdonald, L. Togher & C. Code (eds.) Communication Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: ­271–320. Psychology Press. Google Scholar
Snyder, L. S. & D. M. Downey. 1991. The language-reading relationship in normal and reading-disabled children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34: 129–140. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sperber, D. & D. Wilson. 1995. Relevance: Communication and Cognition (2nd edition). Blackwell.  MetBibGoogle Scholar
. 2002. Pragmatics, modularity and mind-reading. Mind and Language 17: 3–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stemmer, B. 1999a. An on-line interview with Noam Chomsky: On the nature of pragmatics and related issues. Brain and Language 68: 393–401. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 1999b. Brain and Language 68, 1: Special Issue on Pragmatics. Academic Press. Google Scholar
2008. Neuropragmatics. In M. J. Ball, M. R. Perkins, N. Müller & S. Howard (eds.) The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics: 61–78. Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stemmer, B., F. Giroux & Y. Joanette. 1994. Production and evaluation of requests by right hemisphere brain-damaged individuals. Brain and Language 47: 1–31. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stemmer, B. & Y. Joanette. 1998. The interpretation of narrative discourse of brain-damaged individuals within the framework of a multi-level discourse model. In M. Beeman & C. Chiarello (eds.) Right Hemisphere language Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience: 329–348. Erlbaum. Google Scholar
Stemmer, B. & P. W. Schönle. 2000. Neuropragmatics in the twenty-first century. Brain and Language 71: 233–236. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stojanovik, V., M. R. Perkins & S. Howard. 2004. Williams syndrome and specific language impairment do not support claims for developmental double dissociations and innate modularity. Journal of Neurolinguistics 17: 403–424. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sudhalter, V. & R. C. Belser. 2001. Conversational characteristics of children with Fragile X syndrome: tangential language. American Journal on Mental Retardation 106: 389–400. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Surian, L., S. Baron-Cohen & H. V. D. Lely. 1996. Are children with autism deaf to Gricean maxims? Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 1(1): 55–71. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tannock, R. & R. Schachar. 1996. Executive dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of behavior and language problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In J. Beitchman, N. Cohen, M. Konstantareas & R. Tannock (eds.) Language, Learning and Behavior Disorders: Developmental, Biological and Clinical Perspectives: 128–155. Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Tarling, K., M. R. Perkins & V. Stojanovik. 2006. Conversational success in Williams syndrome: communication in the face of cognitive and linguistic limitations. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 20: 583–590. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tenyi, T., R. Herold, I. M. Szili & M. Trixler. 2002. Schizophrenics show a failure in the decoding of violations of conversational implicatures. Psychopathology 35: 25–27. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Togher, L., S. Mcdonald & C. Code. 1999. Communication problems following traumatic brain injury. In S. Mcdonald, L. Togher, C. Code (eds.) Communication Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: 1–18. Psychology Press. Google Scholar
Tompkins, C. A., C. G. R. Bloise, M. L. Timko & A. Baumgaertner. 1994. Working memory and inference revision in brain-damaged and normally aging adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 37: 896–912. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tompkins, C. A., M. T. Lehman-Blake, A. Baumgaertner & W. Fassbinder. 2001. Mechanisms of discourse comprehension impairment after right hemisphere brain damage: suppression in inferential ambiguity resolution. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44: 400–415. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trautman, L. S., E. C. Healey, T. A. Brown & S. Jermano. 1999. A further analysis of narrative skills of children who stutter. Journal of Communication Disorders 32(5): 297–315. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ulatowska, H. K., L. Allard & S. B. Chapman. 1990. Narrative and procedural discourse in aphasia. In Y. Joannette & H. H. Brownell (eds.): 180–198. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Varley, R. & M. Siegal. 2000. Evidence for cognition without grammar from causal reasoning and ‘theory of mind’ in an agrammatic aphasic patient. Current Biology 10: 723–726. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wertz, R. T., C. R. Henschel, L. L. Auther, J. R. Ashford & H. S. Kirshner. 1998. Affective prosodic disturbance subsequent to right hemisphere stroke: a clinical application. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11: 89–102. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Whitworth, A., L. Perkins & R. Lesser. 1997. Conversation Analysis Profile for People with Aphasia (CAPPA). Whurr. Google Scholar
Wilcox, M. J. & G. A. Davis. 1977. Speech act analysis of aphasic communication in individual and group settings. In R. H. Brookshire (ed.) Clinical Aphasiology Conference Proceedings: 166–174. BRK Publishers. Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. 2008. Conversation analysis and communication disorders. In M. J. Ball, M. R. Perkins, N. Müller & S. Howard (eds.), The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics: 92–106. Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Willcox, A. & K. Mogford-Bevan. 1995. Conversational disability: assessment and remediation. In M. R. Perkins & S. J. Howard (eds.) Case Studies in Clinical Linguistics: 146–178. Whurr. Google Scholar
Wilson, D. 2005. New directions for research on pragmatics and modularity. Lingua 115: 1129–1146. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. & D. Sperber. 1991. Pragmatics and modularity. In S. Davis (ed.) Pragmatics: A Reader: 583–595. Oxford University Press. [First published in A.M. Farley, P.T. Farley & K.-E. Mccullough (eds.) 1986. The Chicago Linguistic Society Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Theory. The Chicago Linguistic Society.]. Google Scholar
Winner, E., H. Brownell, F. Happe, A. Blum & D. Pincus. 1998. Distinguishing lies from jokes: theory of mind deficits and discourse interpretation in right hemisphere brain-damaged patients. Brain and Language 62: 89–106. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wootton, A. J. 1989. Speech to and from a severely retarded young Down's syndrome child. In M. Beveridge, G. Conti-Ramsden & I. Leudar (eds.) Language and Communication in Mentally Handicapped People: 157–184. Chapman Hall. Google Scholar
1999. An investigation of delayed echoing in a child with autism. First Language 19(3): 359–381. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wykes, T. & J. Leff. 1982. Disordered speech: Differences between manics and schizophrenics. Brain and Language 15: 117–124. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yont, K. M., C. E. Snow & L. Vernon-Feagans. 2003. Is chronic otitis media associated with differences in parental input at 12 months of age? An analysis of joint attention and directives. Applied Psycholinguistics 24: 581–602. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ziatas, K., K. Durkin & C. Pratt. 2003. Differences in assertive speech acts produced by children with autism, Asperger syndrome, specific language impairment, and normal development. Development and Psychopathology 15: 73–94. DOI logoGoogle Scholar