Cumulative index

• Ability See Competence

• ABRAPT (Brazilian Association of Translation Researchers) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Academic tools See Bibliographies of Translation Studies

• Acceptability See Audiovisual translation ; Polysystem theory and translation

• Accessibility See Media accessibility

• Accreditation See Quality in interpreting ; Status of translators

• Accuracy See Court/Legal interpreting ; Medical translation and interpreting

• Acquisition (history) See Bilingualism and translation

• Activism See Narratives and contextual frames

• Actor network (theory) See Agents of translation ; Models in Translation Studies ; Social systems and translation

• Adaptation (Milton, Vol. 1, 3–6); see also Children’s literature and translation; Domestication and foreignization; Drama translation; Indigenous peoples and translation; Pseudotranslation; Retranslation; Subtitling; Technical translation; Tourism translation

• Adaptation Studies See Alternative labels for “translation”

• Adaptation-selection principle See Ecology of translation

• Adaptive system See Complexity in translation studies

• Adequacy See Evaluation/Assessment ; Machine translation today ; Polysystem theory and translation

• Advertising (audiovisual -, electronic -, printed -) See Advertising translation ; Tourism translation

• Advertising translation (Valdés, Vol. 2, 1–5); see also Audiovisual translation; Localization and translation; Semiotics and translation; Tourism translation; Translation strategies and tactics; Turns of Translation Studies; Web and translation; Wordplay in translation

• Affective cognition See Situated cognition

• Affective empathy See Empathy

• Affective factor See Emotions and translation ; Translation psychology

• Affordances See Situated cognition

• African Studies See Development and translation

• Afterlife See Deconstruction ; Postmodernism

• Agency See Agents of translation ; Conflict and translation ; Development and translation ; International business and translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Migration and translation ; Paratexts ; Theory of translatorial action ; Translation criticism ; Translation psychology

• Agenda-setting See Information, communication, translation

• Agent See Healthcare interpreting ; Translator studies

• Agents of translation (Buzelin, Vol. 2, 6–12); see also Communism and Translation Studies; Descriptive Translation Studies; Ethnographic approaches; Institutional translation; Music and translation; Networking and volunteer translators; Norms of translation; Power and translation; Sociology of translation; Status of interpreters; Status of translators; Translation history; Translation Studies

• AI/Artificial Intelligence See Post-editing

• AIETI (Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• AIIC (International Association of Conference Interpreters) See Conference interpreting ; Consecutive interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Relay interpreting

• Allusions See Realia

• Alphabet See Impact of translation

• Alternative labels for “translation” (van Doorslaer, Vol. 5, 3–9); see also Adaptation; Cultural translation; Equivalence; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Interpreting; Intersemiotic translation; Intralingual translation; Journalism and translation; Localization and translation; Machine translation today; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Transcreation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation

• Ambiguity See Interpretive approach ; Machine translation today

• Americas See Eurocentrism

• Annotated corpus See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Anthologies and translation (Seruya, Vol. 4, 1–6); see also Comparative approaches to translation; Literary translation; Paratexts

• Anthropocentric identity See Ecology of translation

• Anthropology and translation (Lavieri, Vol. 5, 11–16); see also Cognitive approaches; Cultural translation; Ethnographic approaches; Genetic translation studies; Indigenous peoples and translation; Metaphors for translation; Multilingualism and translation; Orality and translation; Retranslation; Translation

• Anti-globalization See Globalization and translation

• Applied ethics See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Applied Translation Studies (Rabadán, Vol. 1, 7–11); see also Corpora; Localization and translation; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation didactics; Translation tools; Web and translation

• Appropriation See Author and translator

• Aptitude See Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Aramaic See Lingua franca

• Archive(s) See Genetic translation studies ; Religious texts and oral tradition

• Assessment See Curriculum ; Evaluation/Assessment ; Interpreting Studies ; Quality in interpreting ; Quality in translation ; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Assimilation See Hybridity and translation ; Interpretive approach ; Machine translation today ; Translation history

• Assumed transfer See Assumed translation

• Assumed translation (D’hulst, Vol. 4, 7–11); see also Children’s literature and translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation; Translation history; Translation problem

• ATISA (American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Attention See Interpreting ; Interpretive approach ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Attitude See Translator studies

• Audience See Empathy ; Evaluation/Assessment ; Music and translation ; Stylistics and translation

• Audio description (Matamala, Vol. 5, 17–22); see also Audiovisual translation; Corpora; Humor in translation; Intersemiotic translation; Media accessibility; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Music and translation; Realia; Reception and translation; Subtitling; Voices in translation; Voiceover and dubbing

• Audio description process/strategies See Audio description

• Audio-introduction See Audio description

• Audio-subtitling See Audio description ; Media accessibility

• Audiovisual translation (Remael, Vol. 1, 12–17); see also Drama translation; Genres, text-types and translation; Media accessibility; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Music and translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Subtitles and language learning; Subtitling; Voiceover and dubbing

• Authentic text See Legal translation

• Authenticity See Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Author and translator (Flynn, Vol. 4, 12–19); see also Editorial policy and translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Multilingualism and translation; Paratexts; Pseudotranslation; Representation of translators and interpreters; Self-translation; Visibility (and invisibility)

• Authoritative translation See Legal translation

• Authorized translator See Status of translators

• Authorship See Anthologies and translation ; Author and translator ; Genetic translation studies ; Publishing in Translation Studies ; Self-translation ; Translation rights

• Auto-translation See Self-translation

• Avant-texte See Genetic translation studies

• Background knowledge See Intralingual translation

• Berne convention See Editorial policy and translation ; Translation rights

• Bhagavad-Gītā See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Bible See Genetic translation studies ; Indigenous peoples and translation

• Bible translation See Functionalist approaches ; Orality and translation ; Religious translation ; Translation Studies

• Bibliographies of Translation Studies (van Doorslaer, Vol. 2, 13–16); see also Bibliometrics; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Translation Studies; Translation tools

• Bibliometrics (Grbić, Vol. 4, 20–24); see also Audiovisual translation; Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Sociology of translation

• Big data See Digital humanities and translation studies

• Bilingual brain See Neurolinguistics and interpreting

• Bilingual memory See Bilingualism and translation ; Translation psychology

• Bilingual writers See Self-translation

• Bilingual children See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Bilingualism and translation (Shreve, Vol. 3, 1–6); see also Cognitive approaches; Competence; Natural translator and interpreter; Self-translation; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation process; Translation psychology; Translation universals

• Bilinguality See Interpreting Studies ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Biocultural diversity See Ecology of translation

• Biosemiotics See Ecology of translation

• Bitext See Computer-aided translation

• Black box See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Models in Translation Studies ; Neurolinguistics and interpreting ; Translation process

• Book production See Editorial policy and translation ; Translation rights

• Book series See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Border thinking See Translational turn

• Borderland See Translation zone

• Bottom-up See Comparative approaches to translation ; Semantic models and translation

• Boundaries between disciplines See Alternative labels for “translation”

• Boundary See Migration and translation

• Broker See Translational turn

• Buddhist religion See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Business interpreting See Quality in interpreting

• Canadian See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Cannibalism See Literary translation

• Cannibalistic translation See Political translation

• Canon See Anthologies and translation ; Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Polysystem theory and translation ; Religious texts and oral tradition

• Canonical science See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Canonical text See Literary translation

• Canonical writers See World literature and translation

• Canonization See Translating social sciences

• Caption See Subtitles and language learning

• CATS (Canadian Association for Translation Studies) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Causality See Translation history

• Causation See Complexity in translation studies ; Translator studies

• Cause/Effect See Models in Translation Studies

• Censorship (Merkle, Vol. 1, 18–21); see also Adaptation; Communism and Translation Studies; Ethics and translation; Gender in translation; Political translation; Relay translation; Translation policy; Translation process

• CE(T)RA Chair See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Certification See Conference interpreting ; Status of translators ; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Characters See Audio description

• Chiac See Hybridity and translation

• Child language brokering See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Children’s literature and translation (Alvstad, Vol. 1, 22–27); see also Adaptation; Censorship

• Chinese See Museums and translation

• Chinese buddhist canon See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Chuchotage See Conference interpreting

• Chunk See Subtitling

• Cinema See Pseudotranslation

• Circulation of literature See World literature and translation

• Circulation of texts See Translating social sciences

• Citation index See Bibliometrics ; Publishing in Translation Studies

• City/cities See Globalization and translation ; Hybridity and translation ; Translation zone ; Travel and translation

• Climate change See Ecology of translation

• Code of conduct See Court/Legal interpreting

• Cognition See Multimodality in interpreting

• Cognitive approaches (Alves & Hurtado Albir, Vol. 1, 28–35); see also Audiovisual translation; Bilingualism and translation; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Competence; Consecutive interpreting; Eye tracking; Interpretive approach; Sight translation; Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology; Situated cognition; Think-aloud protocol; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics; Unit of translation

• Cognitive effort See Eye tracking

• Cognitive empathy See Empathy

• Cognitive poetics See Stylistics and translation

• Cognitive processes See Bilingualism and translation ; Interpreting ; Simultaneous interpreting ; Think-aloud protocol

• Cognitive psychology See Conference interpreting ; Interpreting Studies

• Cognitive stylistics See Stylistics and translation

• Coherence See Text linguistics and translation

• Cold war See Communism and Translation Studies

• Collaboration See Transcreation

• Collaborative translation (O’Brien, Vol. 2, 17–20); see also Commercial translation; Community interpreting; Computer-aided translation; Functionalist approaches; Globalization and translation; Localization and translation; Machine translation today; Networking and volunteer translators; Quality in translation; Revision; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation tools

• Collective narratives See Narratives and contextual frames

• Collocation See Linguistics and translation

• Colonial expansion See Nation, empire, translation

• Colonial language See Hybridity and translation

• Colonialism See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Colonization See Eurocentrism ; Nation, empire, translation ; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Comics in translation (Kaindl, Vol. 1, 36–40); see also Children’s literature and translation; Translation process; Turns of Translation Studies

• Commercial translation (Olohan, Vol. 1, 41–44); see also Computer-aided translation; Globalization and translation; Journalism and translation; Legal translation; Localization and translation; Machine translation today; Quality in translation; Religious translation; Semiotics and translation; Technical translation; Terminology and translation; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics

• Commission See Theory of translatorial action

• Committed approaches and activism (Brownlie, Vol. 1, 45–48); see also Gender in translation; Ideology and translation; Networking and volunteer translators

• Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) (Grbić & Wolf, Vol. 3, 7–16); see also Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Norms of translation; Sign language interpreting and translating; Translation; Translation Studies

• Communication (process) See Information, communication, translation ; Text linguistics and translation

• Communication Studies See Information, communication, translation

• Communicative act See Interpreting Studies ; Technical translation

• Communicative function(s) See Theory of translatorial action

• Communicative risk See Risk in translation

• Communicative text(s) See Development and translation

• Communism and Translation Studies (Popa, Vol. 4, 25–30); see also Agents of translation; Censorship; Children’s literature and translation; Committed approaches and activism; Ideology and translation; Power and translation; Status of translators

• Communities See Anthropology and translation ; Ethnographic approaches ; Networking and volunteer translators

• Community interpreting (Hertog, Vol. 1, 49–54); see also Consecutive interpreting; Quality in interpreting; Sign language interpreting and translating; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Community translation See Networking and volunteer translators

• Comparable corpus See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Comparable data See Healthcare interpreting

• Comparative approaches to translation (Koster, Vol. 2, 21–25); see also Corpora; Descriptive Translation Studies; Evaluation/Assessment; Gender in translation; Hermeneutics and translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Retranslation; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies

• Comparative Literature See Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Translation history ; World literature and translation

• Comparison of texts See Comparative approaches to translation

• Competence (Hurtado Albir, Vol. 1, 55–59); see also Bilingualism and translation; Cognitive approaches; Natural translator and interpreter; Status of interpreters; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation didactics; Translation process; Translation psychology; Translation strategies and tactics

• Competence (metacultural -) See Realia

• Complexity See Anthropology and translation

• Complexity in translation studies (Marais, Vol. 5, 23–29); see also Alternative labels for “translation”; Cognitive approaches; Hermeneutics and translation; Journalism and translation; Machine translation today; Philosophy and translation; Postmodernism; Religious translation; Semiotics and translation; Situated cognition; Social systems and translation; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation Studies

• Complexity theory See Narratives and contextual frames ; Social systems and translation

• Comprehension See Lingua franca

• Computer-aided translation (Bowker & Fisher, Vol. 1, 60–65); see also Corpora; Globalization and translation; Localization and translation; Machine translation today; Networking and volunteer translators; Terminology and translation; Web and translation

• Concept See Language philosophy and translation

• Conceptual map See Bibliographies of Translation Studies

• Conceptual metaphor(s) See Metaphors for translation

• Conceptual network See Translation problem

• Concordance(r) See Corpora

• Conference interpreting (Setton, Vol. 1, 66–74); see also Consecutive interpreting; Interpreting; Media interpreting; Quality in interpreting; Sight translation; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Confidentiality See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Conflict and translation (Salama-Carr, Vol. 4, 31–35); see also Committed approaches and activism; Discourse analysis; Ethics and translation; Ideology and translation; Journalism and translation; Translation strategies and tactics

• Conflict zone See NGOs and translation

• Connotation(s) See Realia

• Consecutive interpreting (Dam, Vol. 1, 75–79); see also Community interpreting; Conference interpreting; Eye tracking; Interpreting Studies; Interpretive approach

• Consistency See Institutional translation ; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Contact zone See Translation zone ; Translational turn

• Content See Media accessibility

• Content management system See Translation tools

• Context(s) See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Emotions and translation ; Linguistics and translation ; Medical translation and interpreting ; Relay translation ; Remote interpreting ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Continentalization See Eurocentrism

• Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies (Vandepitte & De Sutter, Vol. 4, 36–41); see also Comparative approaches to translation; Competence; Corpora; Empirical approaches; Equivalence; Linguistics and translation; Machine translation today; Quality in translation; Translation didactics; Translation problem; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation universals

• Contrastive rhetoric See Rhetoric and translation ; Translating social sciences

• Controlled languages See Machine translation today ; Technical translation

• Convention(s) See Norms of translation ; Paratexts

• Cookery text See Food and translation

• Copyrights See Computer-aided translation ; Translation rights

• Corpora (Laviosa, Vol. 1, 80–86); see also Audiovisual translation; Computer-aided translation; Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies; Corpus-based interpreting studies; Sign language interpreting and translating; Terminology and translation; Translation psychology

• Corpus-based interpreting studies (Russo, Vol. 5, 31–36); see also Corpora; Interpreting Studies; Interpretive approach; Media interpreting; Quality in interpreting; Translation universals

• Correspondence (lexical -) See Bilingualism and translation ; Equivalence ; Translation problem

• Cosmopolitanism See Hybridity and translation

• Cost See Post-editing

• Coupled pair(s) See Translation problem

• Court translator See Status of translators

• Court/Legal interpreting (Russell, Vol. 3, 17–20); see also Community interpreting; Conference interpreting; Consecutive interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Legal translation; Quality in interpreting; Relay interpreting; Remote interpreting; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous interpreting; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Creative industries See Transcreation

• Creative translation See Creativity ; Semantic models and translation

• Creativity (O’Sullivan, Vol. 4, 42–46); see also Adaptation; Agents of translation; Author and translator; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Poetry translation; Self-translation; Transcreation; Translation strategies and tactics; Wordplay in translation

• Credibility risk See Risk in translation

• Creole See Literary translation

• Creolization See Hybridity and translation ; Translation zone

• Crime fiction See Translating popular fiction

• Crisis setting See NGOs and translation

• Critical discourse analysis (CDA) See Discourse analysis

• Critique génétique/genetic criticism See Genetic translation studies

• Cross-border exchanges See International business and translation

• Cross-cultural communication See Knowledge management and translation

• Cross-cultural translation See Translational turn

• Crowdsourcing See Collaborative translation ; Computer-aided translation ; Globalization and translation ; Networking and volunteer translators ; Social media and translation ; Translation tools

• Cultural approaches (Marinetti, Vol. 2, 26–30); see also Adaptation; Agents of translation; Censorship; Cultural translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Ethics and translation; Gender in translation; Linguistics and translation; Norms of translation; Political translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Sociology of translation; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Cultural change See Literary translation

• Cultural context adaptation See Children’s literature and translation

• Cultural image See National and cultural images

• Cultural imperialism See Nation, empire, translation

• Cultural references See Domestication and foreignization ; Intralingual translation ; Realia

• Cultural representation See Translational turn

• Cultural semiotics See Intersemiotic translation

• Cultural studies See Cultural translation ; Orality and translation

• Cultural transfer See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Cultural translation (Conway, Vol. 3, 21–25); see also Cultural approaches; Migration and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Cultural turn See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Cultural approaches ; Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Postmodernism

• Cultural values See Advertising translation ; Tourism translation

• Cultural-specific items See Tourism translation

• Culture See Polysystem theory and translation ; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Culture-bound items See Realia

• Culture-specific elements See Domestication and foreignization ; Realia ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Curriculum (Kelly, Vol. 1, 87–93); see also Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation didactics

• Data See Digital humanities and translation studies ; Emotions and translation ; Eurocentrism ; Methodology in Translation Studies

• Data typologies See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Data visualisation See Digital humanities and translation studies

• Deaf and hard of hearing See Audiovisual translation ; Community interpreting ; Interpreting ; Relay interpreting ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Decision process See Translation policy ; Translation psychology

• Decision-making See Agents of translation ; Cognitive approaches ; Technical translation ; Translation process ; Translation psychology

• Decolonization See Eurocentrism ; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Deconstruction (Dizdar, Vol. 2, 31–36); see also Committed approaches and activism; Ethics and translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Philosophy and translation; Postmodernism; Relevance and translation; Translation; Translation Studies

• Dehumanization of translation services See Translator studies

• Description See Audio description

• Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) (Assis Rosa, Vol. 1, 94–104); see also Applied Translation Studies; Audiovisual translation; Committed approaches and activism; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Corpora; Cultural approaches; Equivalence; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Polysystem theory and translation; Technical translation; Translation didactics

• Development and translation (Marais, Vol. 3, 26–31); see also Hybridity and translation; Orality and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Development Studies See Development and translation

• Deverbalization See Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach ; Sight translation

• Diachrony See Intralingual translation

• Dialect See Indigenous peoples and translation ; Sociolinguistics and translation ; Voices in translation

• Dialogic interaction See Multimodality in interpreting

• Didactics See Curriculum ; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translation didactics

• Difference See Ethics and translation ; Original and translation

• Digital age See Multimodality and audiovisual translation

• Digital humanities and translation studies (Bowker, Vol. 5, 37–44); see also Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Bibliometrics; Computer-aided translation; Corpora; Ethnographic approaches; Indirect translation; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Machine translation today; Media interpreting; Social media and translation; Translation history; Translation Studies; Translation tools; Translation universals

• Digital media See Visibility (and invisibility)

• Digital spaces See Digital humanities and translation studies

• Digital technologies See Digital humanities and translation studies ; Indirect translation

• Digital text See Digital humanities and translation studies

• Digitization See Alternative labels for “translation”

• Diplomacy See Impact of translation

• Directionality (Pokorn, Vol. 2, 37–39); see also Conference interpreting; Domestication and foreignization; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Media interpreting; Quality in interpreting; Religious translation; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation process; Translation tools

• Directorate-General for interpreting (DGI) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Directorate-General for translation (DGT) See English as a lingua franca and translation ; Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Discipline See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Translating social sciences

• Discourse See Anthropology and translation ; Cultural approaches ; Discourse analysis ; Ideology and translation ; Power and translation ; Text linguistics and translation

• Discourse analysis (Schäffner, Vol. 4, 47–52); see also Community interpreting; Court/Legal interpreting; Evaluation/Assessment; Ideology and translation; Political translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Teaching translation / Training translators; Text linguistics and translation

• Displacement See Cultural translation

• Dissemination See Bibliometrics ; Machine translation today

• Distancing See Translation zone

• Distant reading See World literature and translation

• Distributed cognition See Situated cognition

• Documents (types of -) See Technical translation ; Terminology and translation

• Domestication and foreignization (Paloposki, Vol. 2, 40–42); see also Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Children’s literature and translation; Ethics and translation; Realia; Retranslation; Translation strategies and tactics; Visibility (and invisibility)

• Dominating language See Relay translation

• Drafting See Revision

• Drama translation (Aaltonen, Vol. 1, 94–104); see also Audiovisual translation; Music and translation

• Dual readership See Children’s literature and translation

• Dubbing See Audiovisual translation ; Non-professional translators and interpreters ; Subtitling ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Dynamical view See Situated cognition

• E-terminology See Social media and translation

• Eco-translation/eco-translatology See Ecology of translation

• Ecology of translation (Cronin, Vol. 5, 45–51); see also Globalization and translation; Localization and translation; Minority languages and translation

• Economics See Risk in translation

• Economics of translation See Power and translation

• Editing See Revision

• Editorial market See Translating social sciences

• Editorial policy and translation (Sapiro, Vol. 3, 32–38); see also Agents of translation; Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Globalization and translation; Literary translation; National and cultural images

• Effect See Models in Translation Studies

• Effort (model) See Consecutive interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach ; Models in Translation Studies ; Sight translation ; Simultaneous interpreting

• ELF/English as a lingua franca See Lingua franca ; NGOs and translation ; Translating social sciences

• Embedded cognition See Situated cognition

• Embodied cognition See Situated cognition

• Emergence See Complexity in translation studies

• Emotional factor See Representation of translators and interpreters ; Translation psychology

• Emotions and translation (Hubscher-Davidson, Vol. 5, 53–58); see also Audio description; Cognitive approaches; Empathy; Reception and translation; Translation process; Translation psychology

• Empathy (Apfelthaler, Vol. 5, 59–65); see also Agents of translation; Author and translator; Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Cognitive approaches; Collaborative translation; Competence; Creativity; Cultural approaches; Directionality; Emotions and translation; Empirical approaches; Healthcare interpreting; Hermeneutics and translation; Ideology and translation; Impact of translation; Literary translation; Methodology in Translation Studies; Original and translation; Quality in translation; Reception and translation; Reception and translation; Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies; Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies; Sociology of translation; Teaching translation / Training translators; Theory of translatorial action; Translation didactics; Translation process; Translation psychology; Translation strategies and tactics

• Empire(s) See English as a lingua franca and translation ; Impact of translation ; Nation, empire, translation ; Translation zone

• Empirical approaches (Künzli, Vol. 4, 53–58); see also Audiovisual translation; Cognitive approaches; Conference interpreting; Corpora; Ethnographic approaches; Methodology in Translation Studies; Relay translation; Sociology of translation; Subtitling; Think-aloud protocol; Translation process

• Empirical research See Empirical approaches ; General translation theory ; Interpreting Studies ; Think-aloud protocol

• Empirical studies See Empirical approaches ; Interpretive approach ; Turns of Translation Studies

• Empirical testing See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Empowerment See Ergonomics and translation workplaces ; Metaphors for translation

• EN 15038 standard See Status of translators

• Enactivism See Situated cognition

• End-product See Translation problem

• Energy consumption See Ecology of translation

• English See Lingua franca ; Museums and translation ; Tourism translation

• English as a lingua franca and translation (House, Vol. 4, 59–62); see also Adaptation; Commercial translation; Globalization and translation; Lingua franca; Localization and translation; NGOs and translation; Translating social sciences

• English as a pivot language See Indirect translation

• Enquiry See Empirical approaches

• Entextualization See Orality and translation

• Entropy See Complexity in translation studies

• Epistemology See Complexity in translation studies

• Equivalence (Leal, Vol. 3, 39–46); see also Alternative labels for “translation”; Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies; Creativity; Descriptive Translation Studies; Evaluation/Assessment; Functionalist approaches; General translation theory; Institutional translation; Interpretive approach; Linguistics and translation; Medical translation and interpreting; Models in Translation Studies; Norms of translation; Quality in translation; Realia; Semiotics and translation; Terminology and translation; Translation; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Equivalence (cultural -) See Equivalence ; Realia

• Equivalence (dynamic -) See Equivalence

• Equivalence (formal -) See Equivalence

• Equivalence (lexical -) See Equivalence ; Realia

• Ergonomics and translation workplaces (Ehrensberger-Dow, Vol. 5, 67–72); see also Computer-aided translation; Creativity; Eye tracking; Machine translation today; Quality in translation; Situated cognition; Translation process; Translator studies

• Errors See Post-editing ; Translation ‘errors’

• Esperanto See Literary translation

• Essentialism See Deconstruction ; Ideology and translation

• EST (European Society for Translation Studies)  See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Ethics and translation (van Wyke, Vol. 1, 111–115); see also Committed approaches and activism; Conference interpreting; Conflict and translation; Deconstruction; Domestication and foreignization; Functionalist approaches; Philosophy and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Power and translation; Relay interpreting

• Ethics and translation and for translators (Kenny, Vol. 5, 73–78); see also Committed approaches and activism; Conflict and translation; Ethics and translation; Norms of translation; Philosophy and translation; Translator studies

• Ethics of care/communication/cooperation See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Ethnocentrism See Domestication and foreignization

• Ethnographic approaches (Flynn, Vol. 1, 116–119); see also Corpora; Cultural translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Sociology of translation; Translation history; Translation Studies

• EU institutions See Institutional translation

• EUATC See Status of translators

• Eurocentrism (van Doorslaer, Vol. 3, 47–51); see also Orality and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Power and translation; Translation Studies

• European Master’s in Translation (EMT) See Impact of translation theory

• European Parliament See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• European Quality Standard for translation (EN 15038) See Revision

• Evaluation agency See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Evaluation/Assessment (Colina, Vol. 2, 43–48); see also Adaptation; Competence; Computer-aided translation; Corpora; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Machine translation today; Quality in interpreting; Quality in translation; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies; Translation; Translation criticism; Translation Studies

• Evangelism See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Exhibition space See Museums and translation

• Expectation(s) See Paratexts

• Experiment See Empirical approaches

• Experimental psychology See Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach

• Experimental research See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Expert-to-expert communication See Translation problem

• Expertise See Translation psychology

• Expertise research See Competence ; Think-aloud protocol

• Expert–layman communication See Popularization and translation

• Explanation See Agents of translation ; Models in Translation Studies ; Translation universals

• Explicit knowledge See Knowledge management and translation

• Explicitation See Translation universals

• Extended view See Situated cognition

• Eye tracking (Kruger, Vol. 5, 79–85); see also Audiovisual translation; Bilingualism and translation; Cognitive approaches; Ergonomics and translation workplaces; Interpreting; Linguistics and translation; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Multimodality in interpreting; Post-editing; Subtitling; Translation process

• Eye-mind assumption See Eye tracking

• Faithfulness See Political translation ; Postmodernism ; Self-translation

• Falsifiability See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Family interpreting See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Fandubbing See Audiovisual translation ; Subtitling ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Fansubbing See Audiovisual translation ; Collaborative translation ; Subtitling

• Feminist translation See Gender in translation ; Retranslation

• Fictional (character/turn) See Representation of translators and interpreters

• Fictitious translation See Pseudotranslation

• Fidelity See Intercultural mediation

• Field (Bourdieu) See Sociology of translation

• Fieldwork See Anthropology and translation

• Figure of speech See Music and translation ; Rhetoric and translation

• Film techniques See Audio description

• Final solution See Translation problem

• First World See Development and translation

• FIT (International Federation of Translators)  See Status of translators

• Fixation(s) See Eye tracking ; Multimodality in interpreting

• Fluency See Machine translation today ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translation tools

• Folk religion See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Food (- activism, - ecology, - security, - supply) See Food and translation

• Food and translation (Desjardins, Vol. 5, 87–92); see also Audiovisual translation; Ethics and translation and for translators; Intercultural mediation; Intersemiotic translation; Intralingual translation; Social media and translation

• Foreign language(s) See Directionality ; Travel and translation

• Foreignizing/foreignization See Domestication and foreignization ; Realia ; Retranslation ; Translation strategies and tactics

• Formal and informal settings See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Framing See Information, communication, translation ; Journalism and translation ; Narratives and contextual frames

• French See Lingua franca ; Museums and translation

• Function(s) See Advertising translation ; World literature and translation

• Function-oriented See Descriptive Translation Studies

• Functionalist approaches (Nord, Vol. 1, 120–128); see also Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Genres, text-types and translation; Religious translation; Subtitling; Text linguistics and translation; Theory of translatorial action; Translation didactics; Translation Studies

• Furthering See Translation zone

• Fuzzy match See Post-editing

• Gain/loss See Risk in translation

• Gaze See Multimodality in interpreting

• Gender in translation (von Flotow, Vol. 1, 129–133); see also Power and translation; Religious translation

• Gender minorities See Gender in translation

• Genealogies of world literature See World literature and translation

• General translation theory (Dizdar, Vol. 3, 52–58); see also Descriptive Translation Studies; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Interpreting Studies; Models in Translation Studies; Norms of translation; Translation; Translation Studies

• Generalization See Translation universals

• Genetic translation studies (Cordingley, Vol. 5, 93–98); see also Cognitive approaches; Corpora; Descriptive Translation Studies; Methodology in Translation Studies; Sociology of translation

• Genres, text-types and translation (Gambier, Vol. 4, 63–69); see also Audiovisual translation; Discourse analysis; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Media accessibility; Medical translation and interpreting; Methodology in Translation Studies; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Text linguistics and translation; Translating popular fiction; Translation problem; Translation strategies and tactics

• Geography See Eurocentrism

• German See Lingua franca

• Global language See Orality and translation ; Scientific translation

• Globalization and translation (Cronin, Vol. 1, 134–140); see also Community interpreting; Hybridity and translation; Representation of translators and interpreters; Tourism translation; Translation zone; Travel and translation

• Gloss translation See Drama translation

• Google Translate See Globalization and translation ; Networking and volunteer translators

• Great translation See Retranslation

• Greek See Lingua franca

• Guidelines See Audio description

• Habitus (Bourdieu) See Agents of translation ; Ethnographic approaches ; Methodology in Translation Studies ; Sociology of translation ; Translation history ; Translator studies

• Healthcare interpreting (Cirillo, Vol. 5, 99–104); see also Community interpreting; Consecutive interpreting; Intercultural mediation; Interpreting; Medical translation and interpreting; Multimodality in interpreting; Quality in interpreting; Remote interpreting; Sight translation; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous interpreting; Status of interpreters; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Hegemony See Nation, empire, translation

• Hermeneutics and translation (Stolze, Vol. 1, 141–146); see also Cognitive approaches; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Religious translation; Teaching translation / Training translators

• Heterogeneity See Deconstruction

• Heteroglossia See Anthropology and translation ; Literary translation ; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• High/low culture See Translating popular fiction

• Hindu religion See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Historical relativism See Assumed translation

• Historiography See Gender in translation ; Translation history

• History See Impact of translation ; Translation history

• Homophonic translation See Visibility (and invisibility)

• Human sciences culture See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Human-computer interaction See Ergonomics and translation workplaces ; Situated cognition

• Humanities See Digital humanities and translation studies ; Translational turn

• Humor in translation (Vandaele, Vol. 1, 147–152); see also Descriptive Translation Studies; Wordplay in translation

• Hybrid text See Institutional translation ; Music and translation

• Hybridity and translation (Simon, Vol. 2, 49–53); see also Development and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Translation; Translation Studies; Translation zone; Travel and translation

• Hybridization See Post-colonial literatures and translation ; Web and translation

• Hypermedia text See Genres, text-types and translation

• Hypothesis See Models in Translation Studies

• IATIS (International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Identity/identities (construction of -) See Drama translation ; Gender in translation ; Hybridity and translation ; Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Literary translation ; Migration and translation ; National and cultural images ; Original and translation ; Philosophy and translation ; Power and translation ; Representation of translators and interpreters

• Ideological manipulation See Children’s literature and translation

• Ideology and translation (Baumgarten, Vol. 3, 59–65); see also Agents of translation; Censorship; Committed approaches and activism; Communism and Translation Studies; Conflict and translation; Cultural approaches; Ethnographic approaches; Gender in translation; Norms of translation; Political translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Power and translation; Religious translation; Sociology of translation; Translation policy; Turns of Translation Studies

• Image building See National and cultural images

• Image(s) See Cultural approaches ; Multimodality and audiovisual translation ; National and cultural images ; Representation of translators and interpreters ; Translation criticism ; Travel and translation

• Imagery See Poetry translation

• Imitation See Assumed translation

• Impact factor See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Impact of translation (Woodsworth, Vol. 4, 70–76); see also Adaptation; Censorship; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Power and translation; Religious translation; Translation zone

• Impact of translation theory (van Doorslaer, Vol. 4, 77–83); see also Functionalist approaches; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Models in Translation Studies; Postmodernism; Status of interpreters; Status of translators; Translation didactics; Web and translation

• Implicit knowledge See Knowledge management and translation

• Implied translator See Voices in translation

• Import See Literary translation ; Pseudotranslation

• Inclusive design See Media accessibility

• Incongruity principle See Music and translation

• Index translationum See Editorial policy and translation

• Indian drama See Transcreation

• Indigenous language(s) See Nation, empire, translation

• Indigenous peoples and translation (Henitiuk & Mahieu, Vol. 5, 105–111); see also Children’s literature and translation; Community interpreting; Eurocentrism; Minority languages and translation; Orality and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Power and translation; Relay translation; Religious texts and oral tradition; Religious translation; Self-translation

• Indirect translation (Pięta, Vol. 5, 113–119); see also Equivalence; Ethics and translation and for translators; Globalization and translation; Institutional translation; Journalism and translation; Machine translation today; Minority languages and translation; Original and translation; Quality in translation; Relay interpreting; Relay translation; Retranslation

• Individual agents See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Inequality See Social systems and translation

• Inference See Simultaneous interpreting

• Information management See Knowledge management and translation

• Information, communication, translation (Valdeón, Vol. 3, 66–72); see also Adaptation; Globalization and translation; Journalism and translation

• Information-processing model See Situated cognition

• Information flow See Globalization and translation

• Information processing See Consecutive interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Sight translation ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Informational society See Information, communication, translation

• Informativity See Text linguistics and translation

• Inscription(s) See Comics in translation

• Institutional agents See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Institutional encounter See Healthcare interpreting

• Institutional translation (Koskinen, Vol. 2, 54–60); see also Adaptation; Agents of translation; Censorship; Computer-aided translation; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Hybridity and translation; Norms of translation; Official translation; Sociology of translation; Translation policy; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies

• Institutionalization of Translation Studies (Gile, Vol. 3, 73–80); see also Bibliographies of Translation Studies; Cognitive approaches; Community interpreting; Conference interpreting; Curriculum; Impact of translation theory; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Sign language interpreting and translating; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation; Translation Studies

• Instrumentalism See World literature and translation

• Integrated approach See Literary Studies and Translation Studies

• Intellectual property rights See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Interaction See Healthcare interpreting ; Interpreting ; Interpreting Studies

• Interactive machine translation See Post-editing

• Intercultural awareness See Tourism translation

• Intercultural mediation (Katan, Vol. 4, 84–91); see also Agents of translation; Committed approaches and activism; Community interpreting; Cultural approaches; Globalization and translation; Ideology and translation; Interpretive approach; Localization and translation; Natural translator and interpreter; Power and translation; Realia; Status of interpreters; Text linguistics and translation; Visibility (and invisibility)

• Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies (Lambert, Vol. 3, 81–88); see also Audiovisual translation; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Community interpreting; Conflict and translation; Corpora; Development and translation; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; International business and translation; Interpreting Studies; Methodology in Translation Studies; Music and translation; Political translation; Publishing in Translation Studies; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Interface See Translation tools

• Interference(s) See Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies ; Interpretive approach ; Translation ‘errors’ ; Translation universals

• Interim solution See Translation problem

• Interlingua (system) See Machine translation today ; Relay translation

• Interlingual transfer See Transfer and Transfer Studies

• Interlingual translation See International business and translation ; Museums and translation ; Orality and translation ; Travel and translation

• Intermediality See Intersemiotic translation

• Intermediary See Nation, empire, translation

• Intermediate language See Relay translation

• International business and translation (Piekkari & Tietze, Vol. 5, 121–126); see also Agents of translation; English as a lingua franca and translation; Equivalence; Indirect translation; Lingua franca; Machine translation today; Semiotics and translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies

• International institutions See Multilingualism and translation

• International organisation See NGOs and translation

• International politics See Power and translation

• Interpersonal relationship See Healthcare interpreting

• Interplay language-paralanguage See Multimodality in interpreting

• Interpretant See Intersemiotic translation

• Interpretation (of meaning) See Anthropology and translation ; Audio description ; Emotions and translation ; Intersemiotic translation ; Intralingual translation

• Interpretative semiotics See Intersemiotic translation

• Interpreter See Empathy

• Interpreter education See Status of interpreters

• Interpreter-mediated interaction See Status of interpreters

• Interpreter’s self-perception See Status of interpreters

• Interpreting (Pöchhacker, Vol. 1, 153–157); see also Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Community interpreting; Impact of translation; Indigenous peoples and translation; Lingua franca; Relay interpreting; Sight translation; Simultaneous interpreting

• Interpreting in crisis See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Interpreting Studies (Pöchhacker, Vol. 1, 158–172); see also Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Competence; Consecutive interpreting; Ethnographic approaches; Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology; Simultaneous interpreting; Translation strategies and tactics

• Interpretive approach (Lederer, Vol. 1, 173–179); see also Teaching translation / Training translators

• Interpretive community See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Intersemiotic transfer See Transfer and Transfer Studies

• Intersemiotic translation (Sütiste, Vol. 5, 127–134); see also Adaptation; Localization and translation; Orality and translation; Semiotics and translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Travel and translation

• Interspecies communication See Ecology of translation

• Intertextuality See Interpretive approach ; Literary translation ; Museums and translation ; Text linguistics and translation ; Translating social sciences

• Interview See Empirical approaches ; Ergonomics and translation workplaces

• Intralingual subtitling See Audiovisual translation

• Intralingual transfer See Transfer and Transfer Studies

• Intralingual translation (Zethsen, Vol. 5, 135–142); see also Alternative labels for “translation”; Intersemiotic translation; Norms of translation; Retranslation; Translation; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation universals

• Intrasemiotic translation See Intersemiotic translation

• Introductory translation See Drama translation

• Inuktitut language See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Invariant See Intersemiotic translation

• Invention See Rhetoric and translation

• Invisibility See Visibility (and invisibility)

• JAITS (Japanese Association for Interpreting and Translation Studies) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Joual See Hybridity and translation

• Journalism and translation (van Doorslaer, Vol. 1, 180–184); see also Adaptation; Audiovisual translation; Information, communication, translation; Subtitling; Voiceover and dubbing

• Journals (in TS) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Journals/periodicals See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Junior/senior translator See Revision

• Keyword system See Bibliographies of Translation Studies

• Kinesics See Multimodality in interpreting

• Knowledge See Anthropology and translation

• Knowledge asymmetry See Medical translation and interpreting

• Knowledge management and translation (Risku, Vol. 4, 92–97); see also Cognitive approaches; Multilingualism and translation; Status of translators; Teaching translation / Training translators; Technical translation; Terminology and translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation strategies and tactics

• Knowledge mediation See Medical translation and interpreting

• Language acquisition See Language learning and translation ; Subtitles and language learning

• Language alphabets See Web and translation

• Language change See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language combination See Conference interpreting ; Interpreting ; Relay interpreting

• Language contact See Impact of translation ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language in use See Discourse analysis

• Language interaction See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language learning and translation (Malmkjær, Vol. 1, 185–190); see also Subtitles and language learning

• Language management See Multilingualism and translation

• Language pairs See Corpus-based interpreting studies ; Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach

• Language philosophy and translation (Malmkjær, Vol. 3, 89–94); see also Linguistics and translation; Philosophy and translation

• Language planning See Official translation ; Political translation ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language plurality See International business and translation

• Language policy See Multilingualism and translation ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language separation See Bilingualism and translation

• Language standardization See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language technologies See Ergonomics and translation workplaces

• Language use See Ethnographic approaches ; Gender in translation ; Interpretive approach ; Retranslation ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language variation See Sign language interpreting and translating ; Sociolinguistics and translation

• Language-switching See Bilingualism and translation

• Languages A/B See Directionality ; Quality in interpreting

• Languages for special purposes (LSP) See Technical translation

• Languages of limited diffusion See Relay interpreting

• Lateralization (cerebral -) See Neurolinguistics and interpreting

• Latin See Lingua franca

• Law See Court/Legal interpreting ; Legal translation

• Law of translational behaviour See Translation universals

• Laws of thermodynamics See Complexity in translation studies

• Laws of translation See Descriptive Translation Studies ; Norms of translation ; Translation universals

• Layman readership See Intralingual translation

• Learner-centered approach See Translation didactics

• Legal translation (Cao, Vol. 1, 191–195); see also Multilingualism and translation; Technical translation

• Lengthening See Translation universals

• Lexical pattern See Translation universals

• Lexical selection See Bilingualism and translation

• Liaison interpreting See Conference interpreting ; Interpreting ; Relay interpreting

• Liberal arts paradigm See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Libretto See Music and translation

• Licensing See Translation rights

• Light/full post-editing See Post-editing

• Lingua franca (Hewson, Vol. 5, 143–149); see also Collaborative translation; Conference interpreting; Directionality; English as a lingua franca and translation; Globalization and translation; Machine translation today; Orality and translation; Relay interpreting; Revision; Scientific translation; Tourism translation; Translation ‘errors’; Turns of Translation Studies

• Linguistic diversity See Editorial policy and translation

• Linguistic error See Revision ; Translation ‘errors’

• Linguistic imperialism See Deconstruction

• Linguistic mediation service See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Linguistic minority See Minority languages and translation ; Self-translation

• Linguistic structures See Machine translation today

• Linguistic tools See Indigenous peoples and translation

• Linguistic variation See Terminology and translation

• Linguistics and translation (Malmkjær, Vol. 2, 61–68); see also Corpora; Equivalence; Relevance and translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Translation; Translation strategies and tactics; Unit of translation

• Literary criticism See Literary translation ; Representation of translators and interpreters ; Translation criticism

• Literary journal See Translation criticism

• Literary Studies and Translation Studies (Delabastita, Vol. 1, 196–208); see also Adaptation; Cognitive approaches; Corpora; Descriptive Translation Studies; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Gender in translation; Journalism and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Religious translation; Translation Studies

• Literary text See Digital humanities and translation studies ; Genetic translation studies ; Methodology in Translation Studies ; Stylistics and translation

• Literary translation (Delabastita, Vol. 2, 69–78); see also Adaptation; Agents of translation; Censorship; Children’s literature and translation; Comics in translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Drama translation; Equivalence; Gender in translation; Hermeneutics and translation; Multilingualism and translation; Paratexts; Poetry translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Retranslation; Self-translation; Sociology of translation; Stylistics and translation; Turns of Translation Studies; Voices in translation

• Literary translator See Status of translators

• Live transmissions See Media interpreting

• Localization and translation (Schäler, Vol. 1, 209–214); see also Computer-aided translation

• Logging (software) See Audiovisual translation ; Cognitive approaches ; Methodology in Translation Studies ; Translation process

• Low-proficiency user See Lingua franca

• Loyalty See Poetry translation

• Machine translation today (Forcada, Vol. 1, 215–223); see also Computer-aided translation; Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies; Post-editing; Translation tools

• Malay See Tourism translation

• Manipulation See Cultural approaches ; Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Political translation ; Translating popular fiction ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Manipulation School See Descriptive Translation Studies

• Map (of Translation Studies) See Bibliographies of Translation Studies ; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Empirical approaches ; General translation theory ; Translation criticism ; Translator studies

• Marketing See Transcreation

• Matches See Computer-aided translation ; Machine translation today

• Meaning-making process See Multimodality and audiovisual translation

• Meaning/sense See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Anthropology and translation ; General translation theory ; Interpretive approach ; Language philosophy and translation ; Linguistics and translation ; Poetry translation ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Media See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Media accessibility (Remael, Vol. 3, 95–101); see also Audiovisual translation; Children’s literature and translation; Interpreting; Localization and translation; Media interpreting; Sign language interpreting and translating; Subtitling; Translation Studies; Voiceover and dubbing; Web and translation

• Media interpreting (Pöchhacker, Vol. 1, 224–226); see also Audiovisual translation; Media accessibility; Simultaneous interpreting

• Media sources See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Mediating text See Indirect translation

• Mediation practices See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Mediation/mediator See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Conflict and translation ; Healthcare interpreting ; Indirect translation ; National and cultural images ; Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Medical settings See Healthcare interpreting

• Medical translation and interpreting (Montalt, Vol. 2, 79–83); see also Competence; Methodology in Translation Studies; Quality in interpreting; Scientific translation; Technical translation; Terminology and translation; Translation problem

• Memes/supermemes See Interpreting Studies ; Translation Studies

• Memorial museum See Museums and translation

• Memorisation See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Mental process See Situated cognition ; Translator studies

• Mentoring See Conference interpreting

• Menu See Food and translation

• Meta-ethics See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Metalanguage See Deconstruction ; Translation history

• Metaphor See Rhetoric and translation ; Voices in translation

• Metaphorical translation See International business and translation

• Metaphors for translation (St. André, Vol. 2, 84–87); see also Post-colonial literatures and translation; Representation of translators and interpreters; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation process; Translation Studies

• Metatext See Literary translation

• Methodology in Translation Studies (Flynn & Gambier, Vol. 2, 88–96); see also Cognitive approaches; Committed approaches and activism; Competence; Corpora; Curriculum; Empirical approaches; Ethnographic approaches; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Interpreting Studies; Journalism and translation; Natural translator and interpreter; Networking and volunteer translators; Paratexts; Political translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Scientific translation; Sociology of translation; Technical translation; Think-aloud protocol; Translation didactics; Translation history; Translation process; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Métissage See Hybridity and translation

• Migrants See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Migration and translation (Polezzi, Vol. 3, 102–107); see also Agents of translation; Cultural translation; Ethics and translation; Globalization and translation; Hybridity and translation; Multilingualism and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Self-translation; Sociology of translation; Travel and translation

• Minority See Literary translation ; Minority languages and translation ; Non-professional translators and interpreters ; Power and translation

• Minority culture See Orality and translation

• Minority languages and translation (Branchadell, Vol. 2, 97–101); see also Audiovisual translation; Literary translation; Machine translation today; Power and translation; Translation process; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Minority literature See Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Mistranslation See Revision

• Mixed-method approach See Empirical approaches

• Mobility See Migration and translation

• Modality See Interpreting ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Model of cognition See Situated cognition

• Model of the mind/brain See Situated cognition

• Models in Translation Studies (Chesterman, Vol. 3, 108–114); see also Agents of translation; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Comparative approaches to translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Equivalence; General translation theory; Semantic models and translation; Translation problem; Translation process; Translation Studies; Translation universals

• Modernity/Modernism See Orality and translation

• Modularity See Machine translation today

• Monolingualism See Multilingualism and translation ; Self-translation

• Monotheistic religions See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Morality See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Mother tongue See Directionality

• Motivation See Emotions and translation

• Multiculturalism See Hybridity and translation

• Multidirectional translation See Official translation

• Multilateral translation See Translation policy

• Multilingual legislation See Institutional translation

• Multilingual context See International business and translation

• Multilingualism and translation (Meylaerts, Vol. 1, 227–230); see also English as a lingua franca and translation; Translation tools

• Multimedia See Audiovisual translation ; Conference interpreting ; Music and translation ; Web and translation

• Multimedia communication See Turns of Translation Studies

• Multimodal text See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Museums and translation

• Multimodal/intermodal corpus See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Multimodality and audiovisual translation (Taylor, Vol. 4, 98–104); see also Advertising translation; Audiovisual translation; Media accessibility; Subtitling; Voiceover and dubbing

• Multimodality in interpreting (Pöchhacker, Vol. 5, 151–157); see also Agents of translation; Consecutive interpreting; Multimodality and audiovisual translation; Reception and translation; Semiotics and translation; Simultaneous interpreting

• Museums and translation (Neather, Vol. 5, 159–164); see also Cultural approaches; Cultural translation; Ethnographic approaches; Intercultural mediation; Intersemiotic translation; Quality in translation

• Music and translation (Mateo, Vol. 3, 115–121); see also Adaptation; Audiovisual translation; Drama translation; Functionalist approaches; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Translation strategies and tactics; Voiceover and dubbing

• Musical See Music and translation

• Myths See Anthropology and translation

• Narrative strategy See Narratives and contextual frames ; Pseudotranslation

• Narratives and contextual frames (Harding, Vol. 4, 105–110); see also Children’s literature and translation; Conflict and translation; Discourse analysis; Domestication and foreignization; Drama translation; Genres, text-types and translation; Journalism and translation; Localization and translation; Methodology in Translation Studies; Migration and translation; Paratexts; Power and translation; Reception and translation; Religious translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Subtitling; Travel and translation

• Narratology See Audio description

• Nation, empire, translation (Valdeón, Vol. 4, 111–118); see also Eurocentrism; Globalization and translation; National and cultural images; Orality and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Religious translation; Scientific translation; Translation

• Nation-state See Editorial policy and translation ; Nation, empire, translation ; National and cultural images

• National and cultural images (van Doorslaer, Vol. 3, 122–127); see also Adaptation; Censorship; Children’s literature and translation; Journalism and translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation policy; Travel and translation

• National canon See World literature and translation

• National identity See Editorial policy and translation ; National and cultural images

• National language(s) See Directionality ; Multilingualism and translation

• National literature(s) See Impact of translation

• Native language See Conference interpreting

• Native speaker See Directionality

• Native translator See Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Natural science paradigm See Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies

• Natural translation See Bilingualism and translation ; Interpreting ; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Natural translator and interpreter (Antonini, Vol. 2, 102–104); see also Bilingualism and translation; Community interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Networking and volunteer translators; Translation Studies

• Neologism(s) See Medical translation and interpreting

• Network(ing) See Computer-aided translation ; Ethnographic approaches ; Globalization and translation ; Social media and translation

• Networking and volunteer translators (Folaron, Vol. 1, 231–234); see also Computer-aided translation

• Neurolinguistic models See Interpreting Studies ; Models in Translation Studies ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Neurolinguistics and interpreting (Ahrens, Vol. 2, 105–107); see also Cognitive approaches; Interpreting; Simultaneous interpreting

• Neutrality See Intercultural mediation ; Music and translation ; Quality in interpreting

• NGOs and translation (Tesseur, Vol. 5, 165–169); see also Committed approaches and activism; Community interpreting; Lingua franca; Machine translation today; Networking and volunteer translators; Non-professional translators and interpreters; Sociology of translation

• Non-literary text See Impact of translation ; Stylistics and translation

• Non-person See Status of interpreters

• Non-professional translators and interpreters (Antonini, Vol. 5, 171–176); see also Bilingualism and translation; Collaborative translation; Community interpreting; Conflict and translation; Genres, text-types and translation; Healthcare interpreting; Localization and translation; Media interpreting; Natural translator and interpreter; Religious translation; Subtitling; Teaching translation / Training translators; Tourism translation; Voiceover and dubbing; Web and translation

• Non-translation See Translation policy

• Non-translator See Collaborative translation

• Non-verbal communication See Multimodality in interpreting

• Non-verbal elements See Advertising translation

• Non-Western cultures See Development and translation ; Eurocentrism ; Orality and translation ; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Norm(s) See Agents of translation ; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Comparative approaches to translation ; Conference interpreting ; Corpus-based interpreting studies ; Equivalence ; Institutional translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Literary translation ; Methodology in Translation Studies ; Polysystem theory and translation ; Relay translation ; Retranslation ; Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies ; Translation history

• Normative ethics See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Norms of translation (Schäffner, Vol. 1, 235–244); see also Functionalist approaches; Polysystem theory and translation; Translation Studies

• Note taking See Conference interpreting ; Consecutive interpreting ; Interpreting Studies

• Objectivity/subjectivity See Audio description

• Observation See Empirical approaches ; Ergonomics and translation workplaces

• Observational data See Interpreting Studies

• Occupational identity See Status of interpreters

• Official language See Minority languages and translation ; Official translation ; Relay interpreting

• Official translation (Merkle, Vol. 4, 119–122); see also Institutional translation; Legal translation; Minority languages and translation; Translation policy

• Online bibliographies See Bibliographies of Translation Studies

• Onomatopoeia See Comics in translation

• Open Access See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Open source(s) See Collaborative translation ; Computer-aided translation

• Opera See Music and translation

• Oral See Audio description

• Oral translation See Interpreting

• Oral-written interface See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Orality and translation (Bandia, Vol. 2, 108–112); see also Anthropology and translation; Audiovisual translation; Children’s literature and translation; Community interpreting; Consecutive interpreting; Development and translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Nation, empire, translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Pseudotranslation; Religious translation; Simultaneous interpreting; Sociolinguistics and translation; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Organisational setting See Ergonomics and translation workplaces

• Organizational practices See International business and translation

• Original and translation (Laiho, Vol. 4, 123–129); see also Deconstruction; Domestication and foreignization; Equivalence; Ethics and translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Postmodernism

• Original(ity) See Creativity ; Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Multilingualism and translation ; Original and translation ; Philosophy and translation ; Relay translation ; Retranslation ; Rhetoric and translation ; Self-translation ; Translation history ; Translation rights

• Otherness See Anthropology and translation

• Outre-langue See Hybridity and translation

• Overt and covert translation (House, Vol. 1, 245–246)

• Paradigm See Translating social sciences

• Paradigm shift See Equivalence ; Ideology and translation ; Metaphors for translation

• Paralinguistic information See Audiovisual translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Sight translation ; Subtitling ; Technical translation

• Parallel corpus See Corpus-based interpreting studies

• Paratexts (Tahir Gürçağlar, Vol. 2, 113–116); see also Agents of translation; Norms of translation; Pseudotranslation; Voices in translation

• Passive language See Lingua franca

• Patronage See Cultural approaches ; Institutional translation ; Power and translation

• Pedagogy See Curriculum ; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translation didactics

• Peer review See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Pentathlon principle See Music and translation

• Perceptual span See Eye tracking

• Performance translation See Drama translation

• Peripheral language See Editorial policy and translation ; Relay translation

• Periphery See Editorial policy and translation

• Personal narratives See Narratives and contextual frames

• Personal traits See Emotions and translation

• Personality (type) See Translation psychology

• Phenomenology See Situated cognition

• Philosophical texts See Popularization and translation

• Philosophy and translation (Arrojo, Vol. 1, 247–251); see also Deconstruction; Language philosophy and translation

• Phraseology See Terminology and translation

• Picture (and text) See Comics in translation

• Piracy See Translation rights

• Pivot language See Indirect translation ; Interpreting ; Relay interpreting ; Relay translation ; Subtitling

• Plagiarism See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Plurilingualism See Hybridity and translation

• Poetics of the translator See Comparative approaches to translation

• Poetry translation (Jones, Vol. 2, 117–122); see also Adaptation; Competence; Status of interpreters; Think-aloud protocol; Wordplay in translation

• Political ecology See Ecology of translation

• Political translation (Gagnon, Vol. 1, 252–256); see also Community interpreting; Gender in translation; Ideology and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Self-translation; Translation strategies and tactics

• Politics of translation See Conflict and translation

• Polylingualism See Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Polysemy See Interpretive approach

• Polysystem theory and translation (Chang, Vol. 1, 257–263); see also Sociolinguistics and translation; Translation policy

• Popular literature See Translating popular fiction

• Popularization and translation (Liao, Vol. 4, 130–133); see also Genres, text-types and translation; Media accessibility; Reception and translation; Scientific translation; Terminology and translation

• Post-editing (O’Brien, Vol. 5, 177–183); see also Computer-aided translation; Machine translation today; Quality in translation; Revision; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation tools

• Post-colonial literatures and translation (Bandia, Vol. 1, 264–269); see also Eurocentrism

• Postcolonial Studies See Cultural translation ; Development and translation

• Postcolonialism See Eurocentrism ; Hybridity and translation ; Impact of translation ; Power and translation

• Postmodernism (Wang, Vol. 3, 128–133); see also Cultural translation; Deconstruction; Ethics and translation; Globalization and translation; Philosophy and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation

• Postmodernity See Postmodernism

• Poststructuralist See Postmodernism

• Power and translation (Strowe, Vol. 4, 134–141); see also Agents of translation; Anthologies and translation; Censorship; Committed approaches and activism; Conflict and translation; Cultural approaches; Descriptive Translation Studies; Ethics and translation; Eurocentrism; Gender in translation; Globalization and translation; Ideology and translation; Impact of translation; Migration and translation; National and cultural images; Norms of translation; Political translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Status of interpreters; Status of translators; Translation policy

• Power relation(s) See Cultural approaches ; Hybridity and translation ; Ideology and translation ; Interpreting ; Minority languages and translation ; Orality and translation ; Philosophy and translation ; Political translation ; Power and translation ; Stylistics and translation ; Translation history ; Translation policy

• Power structure See Museums and translation

• Prague Structuralism See Literary Studies and Translation Studies

• Pre-/post-editing See Evaluation/Assessment ; Machine translation today ; Revision

• Predictability See Complexity in translation studies

• Prescriptivism See Equivalence

• Presentational element(s) See Paratexts

• Preventive censorship See Translating popular fiction

• Prima vista See Sight translation

• Prize(s) See Translation policy

• Probability See Risk in translation

• Problem-solving See Cognitive approaches ; Translation problem ; Translation process ; Translation psychology

• Procedure(s) See Translation strategies and tactics

• Process See Translation process

• Process-centered approach See Interpreting Studies ; Translation didactics

• Process-oriented See Descriptive Translation Studies ; Interpreting Studies ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Processing effort See Intralingual translation

• Product-oriented See Descriptive Translation Studies

• Productivity See Post-editing

• Profession-centered approach See Translation didactics

• Professional associations See Community interpreting

• Professional interpreter(s) See Healthcare interpreting ; Non-professional translators and interpreters

• Professionalism/Professionalization See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Community interpreting ; Conference interpreting ; Impact of translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Natural translator and interpreter ; Quality in interpreting ; Sign language interpreting and translating ; Status of interpreters ; Translation psychology

• Promotional material See Advertising translation

• Proofreading See Revision

• Proper names See Realia

• Prosody See Interpreting Studies

• Prosopography See Digital humanities and translation studies

• Prototype (theory) See Semantic models and translation

• Pseudotranslation (O’Sullivan, Vol. 2, 123–125); see also Adaptation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Ethics and translation; Localization and translation; Norms of translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Representation of translators and interpreters; Subtitling

• Psychoanalysis See Gender in translation

• Psycholinguistics See Cognitive approaches ; Semantic models and translation ; Translation didactics ; Translation process

• Psychology See Translation psychology

• Psychometrics See Emotions and translation

• Public domain See Translation policy

• Public health See Food and translation

• Public image See Status of interpreters

• Publish or perish See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Publishing in Translation Studies (Valdeón, Vol. 5, 185–190); see also Bibliometrics

• Publishing/publishers See Editorial policy and translation ; Institutional translation ; Publishing in Translation Studies ; Translation history

• Pun(s) See Comics in translation ; Wordplay in translation

• Purification See Children’s literature and translation

• Qualifications See Conference interpreting

• Qualitative research See Empirical approaches

• Quality (assurance) See Computer-aided translation ; Conference interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Machine translation today ; Quality in interpreting ; Quality in translation ; Revision ; Status of translators ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies ; Translation criticism ; Translation tools

• Quality in interpreting (Kalina, Vol. 3, 134–140); see also Evaluation/Assessment; Quality in translation; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Quality in translation (Gouadec, Vol. 1, 270–275); see also Evaluation/Assessment; Quality in interpreting

• Quantitative research See Empirical approaches

• Queer theory See Gender in translation

• Qur’an See Religious translation

• Ranking See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Rapprochement See Author and translator

• Raw translation See Post-editing

• Re-reading See Revision

• Readability See Institutional translation ; Subtitling

• Reader See Emotions and translation ; Evaluation/Assessment ; Poetry translation ; Rhetoric and translation ; Sociolinguistics and translation ; Stylistics and translation

• Readership See Literary translation ; Retranslation

• Reading See Eye tracking

• Reading skill See Subtitling

• Realia (Leppihalme, Vol. 2, 126–130); see also Subtitling; Translation problem; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies

• Realism See Communism and Translation Studies

• Reality See Complexity in translation studies

• Reception and translation (Brems & Ramos Pinto, Vol. 4, 142–147); see also Adaptation; Audiovisual translation; Bibliometrics; Cognitive approaches; Cultural translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Equivalence; Eye tracking; Genres, text-types and translation; Humor in translation; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Literary translation; Media accessibility; Music and translation; National and cultural images; Norms of translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Subtitling; Translating social sciences; Translation criticism; Translation psychology; Translation Studies; Voiceover and dubbing

• Recreative translation See Comparative approaches to translation ; Poetry translation

• Redefinition (of TS) See Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies

• Reduction See Music and translation

• Reductionism See Complexity in translation studies

• Redundancy See Sign language interpreting and translating ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Referee See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Reflexive turn See General translation theory

• Reformulating See Interpretive approach

• Register See Discourse analysis ; Sociolinguistics and translation ; Stylistics and translation

• Regularities See Norms of translation

• Regulated translation See Religious translation

• Regulation See Translation policy

• Relay See Conference interpreting ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Relay interpreting (Shlesinger, Vol. 1, 276–278); see also Community interpreting; Relay translation; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous interpreting

• Relay translation (Ringmar, Vol. 3, 141–144); see also Relay interpreting

• Relevance and translation (Alves & Gonçalves, Vol. 1, 279–284); see also Intercultural mediation; Interpretive approach; Simultaneous interpreting; Subtitling

• Reliability See Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Religion See Nation, empire, translation

• Religious texts and oral tradition (Naudé, Vol. 5, 191–198); see also Anthologies and translation; Orality and translation; Religious translation

• Religious translation (Naudé, Vol. 1, 285–293); see also Translation strategies and tactics

• Remediation See Translating popular fiction

• Remote interpreting (Moser-Mercer, Vol. 2, 131–134); see also Globalization and translation; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Multimodality in interpreting; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology

• Repertoire See Literary translation ; Polysystem theory and translation

• Repetition See Computer-aided translation ; Translation universals

• Replacement See Translation problem

• Reported speech See Voices in translation

• Representamen See Intersemiotic translation

• Representation of translators and interpreters (Kaindl, Vol. 3, 145–150); see also Pseudotranslation; Status of interpreters; Status of translators

• Representation(s) See Cultural approaches ; Ethics and translation and for translators ; Museums and translation ; National and cultural images ; Travel and translation

• Resistance See Committed approaches and activism ; Nation, empire, translation ; Political translation ; Post-colonial literatures and translation ; Power and translation

• Response See Evaluation/Assessment

• Retentive translation See Comparative approaches to translation

• Retour See Conference interpreting ; Relay interpreting

• Retranslation (Koskinen & Paloposki, Vol. 1, 294–298); see also Relay translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Translating social sciences; Translation criticism

• Reuse See Computer-aided translation ; Localization and translation

• Reversed subtitles See Subtitles and language learning

• Review See Translation criticism

• Revision (Mossop, Vol. 2, 135–139); see also Computer-aided translation; Genetic translation studies; Journalism and translation; Quality in translation; Retranslation; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation ‘errors’; Translation tools

• Revoicing See Subtitling ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Rewording See Translation Studies

• Rewriting See Anthologies and translation ; Cultural approaches ; Intercultural mediation ; Intralingual translation ; Relay translation ; Visibility (and invisibility)

• Rhetoric and translation (Stecconi, Vol. 3, 151–155); see also Applied Translation Studies; Stylistics and translation; Text linguistics and translation

• Rhyme See Poetry translation

• Rhythm See Music and translation

• Risk (- assessment criteria, - avoidance, - in decision-making, - management (strategies), - mitigation, - reduction, - transfer, -taking) See Risk in translation

• Risk in translation (Matsushita, Vol. 5, 199–205); see also Machine translation today; Post-editing

• Role (of interpreter) See Community interpreting ; Conference interpreting ; Court/Legal interpreting ; Healthcare interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Routine(s) See Translation psychology ; Translation strategies and tactics

• Russian See Lingua franca

• Russian Formalism See Literary Studies and Translation Studies ; Polysystem theory and translation

• Saccades See Eye tracking

• Sacred text(s) See Religious translation

• Sameness See Deconstruction

• Sample See Corpora

• Sanskrit See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Scenes and frames semantics See Semantic models and translation

• Scholars (translation and interpreting -) See Ethnographic approaches ; Interpreting Studies ; Translation history

• Scholarship(s) See Translation policy

• Science of translating See General translation theory ; Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies ; Translation Studies

• Scientific translation (Montgomery, Vol. 1, 299–305); see also Self-translation; Translation tools

• Scientific productivity See Bibliometrics

• Scientific texts See Popularization and translation

• Scientificity and theory in Translation Studies (Gile, Vol. 4, 148–155); see also Functionalist approaches; General translation theory; Impact of translation theory; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Interpretive approach; Translation universals

• Scientometrics See Bibliometrics

• Script See Audio description

• Second language See Directionality

• Self-censorship See Translating popular fiction

• Self-employed translator See Revision

• Self-organization See Complexity in translation studies

• Self-revision See Revision

• Self-translation (Montini, Vol. 1, 306–308); see also Bilingualism and translation; Hybridity and translation; Institutional translation; Paratexts

• Semantic chunk See Neurolinguistics and interpreting

• Semantic models and translation (Kussmaul, Vol. 1, 309–313); see also Religious translation; Technical translation

• Semiotic modality See Multimodality and audiovisual translation

• Semiotics and translation (Stecconi, Vol. 1, 314–319); see also Equivalence; Linguistics and translation

• Settings See Audio description ; Audiovisual translation ; Community interpreting ; Conference interpreting ; Interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Media interpreting ; Simultaneous interpreting ; Turns of Translation Studies

• Shadowing See Interpreting Studies ; Neurolinguistics and interpreting

• Shared concepts See Translating social sciences

• Shift(s) See Discourse analysis ; Linguistics and translation ; Translation strategies and tactics

• Sight loss See Audio description

• Sight translation (Čeňková, Vol. 1, 320–323); see also Consecutive interpreting; Simultaneous interpreting; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Translation strategies and tactics

• Sign(s) See Deconstruction ; Linguistics and translation ; Semiotics and translation

• Sign language interpreting and translating (Leeson & Vermeerbergen, Vol. 1, 324–328); see also Community interpreting; Conference interpreting; Media accessibility; Simultaneous interpreting; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters

• Sign system See Intersemiotic translation

• Sign-language interpreting See Empathy

• Signed language interpreting See Multimodality in interpreting

• Similarity See Comparative approaches to translation ; Intersemiotic translation ; Original and translation

• Simplification See Intralingual translation ; Lingua franca ; Machine translation today ; Translation universals

• Simship See Localization and translation

• Simulation See Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translation problem

• Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology (Diriker, Vol. 1, 329–332); see also Conference interpreting; Simultaneous interpreting

• Simultaneous interpreting (Russo, Vol. 1, 333–336); see also Consecutive interpreting; Eye tracking; Genres, text-types and translation; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Interpretive approach; Media interpreting

• Simultaneous interpreting with text See Conference interpreting ; Sight translation

• Singability See Music and translation

• Situated cognition (Muñoz Martín, Vol. 5, 207–212); see also Cognitive approaches; Complexity in translation studies; Emotions and translation; Empathy; Models in Translation Studies; Post-editing; Remote interpreting; Semantic models and translation; Subtitling

• Situational approach See Translation didactics

• Situationality See Text linguistics and translation

• Skill(s) See Collaborative translation ; Competence ; Intralingual translation ; Status of translators ; Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies

• Skopos (theory) See Functionalist approaches ; General translation theory ; Interpretive approach ; Medical translation and interpreting ; Theory of translatorial action ; Translation

• Slogan See Tourism translation

• Social development See Development and translation

• Social media and translation (Desjardins, Vol. 4, 156–159); see also Localization and translation; Machine translation today; Networking and volunteer translators; Self-translation; Translation tools; Web and translation

• Social network (analysis) See Bibliometrics ; Digital humanities and translation studies ; Networking and volunteer translators ; Web and translation

• Social practice See Evaluation/Assessment ; Sociology of translation

• Social psychology See Translation psychology

• Social systems and translation (Tyulenev, Vol. 4, 160–166); see also Agents of translation; Cultural approaches; Functionalist approaches; Models in Translation Studies; Polysystem theory and translation; Sociology of translation; Turns of Translation Studies

• Social turn See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies)

• Socioconstructive approach See Translation didactics

• Sociolect See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Sociolinguistics and translation (Ramos Pinto, Vol. 3, 156–162); see also Linguistics and translation; Sociology of translation; Text linguistics and translation

• Sociological turn See Ergonomics and translation workplaces

• Sociology See Translating social sciences

• Sociology of interpreting See Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies)

• Sociology of translation (Wolf, Vol. 1, 337–343); see also Committed approaches and activism; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Community interpreting; Functionalist approaches; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies

• Solution See Translation problem

• Song See Music and translation

• Source content See Audio description

• Source language See World literature and translation

• Spanish See Lingua franca

• Special languages See Terminology and translation

• Specialized knowledge See Popularization and translation ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Terminology and translation

• Specialized translation See Genres, text-types and translation ; Teaching translation / Training translators

• Speech (voice) recognition See Subtitling ; Translation tools

• Speech databases See Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology

• Speech processing See Neurolinguistics and interpreting

• Speech representation See Voices in translation

• Stage performance See Music and translation

• Standardization See Domestication and foreignization ; Institutional translation ; Media accessibility ; Medical translation and interpreting ; Translation universals

• Statistical machine translation See Post-editing

• Statistics See Complexity in translation studies

• Status See Computer-aided translation ; Conference interpreting ; Interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Status of interpreters ; Status of translators ; Transcreation ; Translator studies

• Status of interpreters (Wadensjö, Vol. 2, 140–145); see also Community interpreting; Consecutive interpreting; Journalism and translation; Relay interpreting; Representation of translators and interpreters; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous interpreting

• Status of translators (Katan, Vol. 2, 146–152); see also Agents of translation; Committed approaches and activism; Competence; Institutional translation; Representation of translators and interpreters

• Stereotype See National and cultural images ; Orality and translation ; Representation of translators and interpreters ; Semantic models and translation

• Strategy See Agents of translation ; Corpus-based interpreting studies ; Natural translator and interpreter ; Risk in translation ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translation policy ; Translation strategies and tactics

• Structure See Deconstruction

• Style See Creativity ; Rhetoric and translation ; Scientific translation

• Stylistics and translation (Boase-Beier, Vol. 2, 153–156); see also Censorship; Methodology in Translation Studies; Poetry translation; Rhetoric and translation; Translation Studies

• Subdiscipline See Alternative labels for “translation”

• Subjectivity See Ecology of translation

• Submission See Publishing in Translation Studies

• Subtitles and language learning (Caimi, Vol. 4, 167–173); see also Audiovisual translation; Language learning and translation; Subtitling

• Subtitling (Díaz Cintas, Vol. 1, 344–349); see also Interpreting; Media accessibility; Subtitles and language learning; Voiceover and dubbing

• Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH) See Audiovisual translation ; Subtitles and language learning ; Subtitling

• Summer schools (for PhD students) See Institutionalization of Translation Studies

• Supermeme(s) See Translation Studies

• Surtitling See Audiovisual translation ; Music and translation

• Survey See Empirical approaches ; Methodology in Translation Studies

• Swahili See Lingua franca

• Synchrony See Audiovisual translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Voiceover and dubbing

• Synonymy See Medical translation and interpreting

• System See Polysystem theory and translation ; Power and translation ; Social systems and translation

• Sūtras See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Tacit knowledge See Knowledge management and translation

• Tactics See Translation strategies and tactics

• Tagline See Tourism translation

• Talmud See Religious translation

• Taoist oral tradition See Religious texts and oral tradition

• TAP See Think-aloud protocol

• Target visitors See Museums and translation

• Target-oriented See Descriptive Translation Studies

• Task-based approach See Translation didactics

• Tasks See Conference interpreting ; Interpreting Studies ; Media interpreting ; Technical translation ; Voiceover and dubbing ; Web and translation

• Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters (Pöchhacker, Vol. 4, 174–180); see also Community interpreting; Competence; Conference interpreting; Consecutive interpreting; Court/Legal interpreting; Curriculum; Interpreting; Interpreting Studies; Natural translator and interpreter; Remote interpreting; Sight translation; Sign language interpreting and translating; Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology; Simultaneous interpreting; Teaching translation / Training translators

• Teaching translation / Training translators (Gambier, Vol. 3, 163–171); see also Bilingualism and translation; Competence; Curriculum; Evaluation/Assessment; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Language learning and translation; Quality in translation; Teaching interpreting / Training interpreters; Translation didactics; Translation ‘errors’; Translation problem; Translation strategies and tactics

• Teamwork See Conference interpreting ; Teaching translation / Training translators ; Translating popular fiction

• Technical translation (Schubert, Vol. 1, 350–355); see also Adaptation; Computer-aided translation; Functionalist approaches; Legal translation; Overt and covert translation; Scientific translation; Translation process

• Technique(s) See Translation strategies and tactics

• Technology See Information, communication, translation

• Tele-interpreting See Remote interpreting

• Telephone interpreting See Community interpreting ; Remote interpreting

• Television interpreting See Media interpreting ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Term banks See Computer-aided translation

• Terminological variation See Medical translation and interpreting

• Terminology See NGOs and translation

• Terminology and translation (Cabré, Vol. 1, 356–365); see also Corpora; Knowledge management and translation; Text linguistics and translation

• Terminology management system See Computer-aided translation

• Tertium comparationis See Comparative approaches to translation ; Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies ; Creativity

• Testing and assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies (Angelelli, Vol. 3, 172–177); see also Competence; Evaluation/Assessment; Quality in interpreting; Quality in translation

• Text (source/target text) See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Audiovisual translation ; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies) ; Computer-aided translation ; Corpus-based interpreting studies ; Emotions and translation ; Empathy ; Gender in translation ; Genetic translation studies ; Indirect translation ; Lingua franca ; Multilingualism and translation ; Museums and translation ; Retranslation ; Scientific translation ; Sight translation ; Technical translation ; Text linguistics and translation ; Tourism translation ; Translation universals ; Turns of Translation Studies

• Text analysis See Discourse analysis

• Text convention(s) See Medical translation and interpreting

• Text functions See Tourism translation

• Text linguistics and translation (House, Vol. 3, 178–183); see also Linguistics and translation; Rhetoric and translation; Sociolinguistics and translation; Stylistics and translation

• Text profile See Quality in interpreting

• Text type(s) See Emotions and translation ; Evaluation/Assessment ; Translation problem

• Text's genesis See Genetic translation studies

• Textual layout See Museums and translation

• Textuality See Hybridity and translation

• Theory (design) See General translation theory

• Theory building See Eurocentrism

• Theory of communicative action See Social systems and translation

• Theory of languages See Translation psychology

• Theory of translatorial action (Schäffner, Vol. 2, 157–162); see also Agents of translation; Competence; Ethics and translation; Functionalist approaches; Translation didactics; Translation Studies

• Thick translation See Ethnographic approaches ; Translation

• Think-aloud protocol (Jääskeläinen, Vol. 1, 371–373); see also Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation process; Translation psychology; Unit of translation

• Third space See Hybridity and translation

• Third World See Development and translation

• Tibetan translations See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Title(s) See Comics in translation

• Tools See Translation tools

• Top–down See Comparative approaches to translation ; Semantic models and translation

• Total translation See Intersemiotic translation

• Tourism (Studies) See Tourism translation ; Travel and translation

• Tourism promotional material See Tourism translation

• Tourism translation (Sulaiman & Wilson, Vol. 5, 213–220); see also Advertising translation; Commercial translation; Quality in translation; Travel and translation; Web and translation

• Tourist brochure(s) See Advertising translation ; Stylistics and translation

• Trace analysis See Empirical approaches

• Training See Community interpreting ; Conference interpreting ; Deconstruction ; Genres, text-types and translation ; Interpreting Studies ; Interpretive approach ; Medical translation and interpreting ; Models in Translation Studies ; NGOs and translation ; Post-editing ; Sight translation ; Sign language interpreting and translating ; Simultaneous conference interpreting and technology ; Simultaneous interpreting ; Situated cognition ; Status of translators ; Stylistics and translation ; Terminology and translation

• Traitor See Nation, empire, translation

• Transcoding See Interpreting Studies ; Simultaneous interpreting

• Transcreation (Katan, Vol. 5, 221–225); see also Adaptation; Advertising translation; Children’s literature and translation; Commercial translation; Functionalist approaches; Literary translation; Localization and translation; Orality and translation; Translation universals

• Transcription See Multimodality and audiovisual translation ; Multimodality in interpreting

• Transcultural interaction See Theory of translatorial action

• Transculturalism See Hybridity and translation

• Transediting See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Information, communication, translation ; Journalism and translation

• Transfer and Transfer Studies (Göpferich, Vol. 1, 374–377); see also Assumed translation; Deconstruction; Directionality; Functionalist approaches

• Transformation See Philosophy and translation ; Transfer and Transfer Studies

• Translatability/untranslatability See Advertising translation ; Anthropology and translation ; Deconstruction ; Linguistics and translation ; Multilingualism and translation ; Translation problem ; Wordplay in translation ; World literature and translation

• Translating popular fiction (Zanettin, Vol. 5, 227–232); see also Adaptation; Censorship; Comics in translation; Cultural translation; Gender in translation; Genres, text-types and translation; Literary translation; National and cultural images; Original and translation; Popularization and translation; Pseudotranslation; Reception and translation; Web and translation

• Translating social sciences (Gambier, Vol. 5, 233–239); see also Impact of translation; Indirect translation; Lingua franca; Relay translation; Self-translation; Sociology of translation; Terminology and translation

• Translation (Halverson, Vol. 1, 378–384); see also Committed approaches and activism; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Drama translation; Ecology of translation; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Lingua franca; Translation Studies

• Translation act See Models in Translation Studies ; Relay translation ; Translation problem

• Translation agency See Revision

• Translation brief See Evaluation/Assessment ; Functionalist approaches ; Translation ‘errors’

• Translation centre See Agents of translation

• Translation competence See Author and translator ; Natural translator and interpreter

• Translation criticism (Paloposki, Vol. 3, 184–190); see also Evaluation/Assessment; Models in Translation Studies; Norms of translation; Paratexts; Translation ‘errors’

• Translation didactics (Kelly, Vol. 1, 389–396); see also Cognitive approaches; Curriculum; Teaching translation / Training translators; Translation process

• Translation effect(s) See Hybridity and translation

• Translation ‘errors’ (Hansen, Vol. 1, 385–388); see also Computer-aided translation; Functionalist approaches; Technical translation; Translation criticism

• Translation ethics See Ethics and translation and for translators

• Translation event See Models in Translation Studies

• Translation flow(s) See Communism and Translation Studies

• Translation history (D’hulst, Vol. 1, 397–405); see also Functionalist approaches

• Translation memory system See Computer-aided translation ; Post-editing; Revision

• Translation method See Linguistics and translation ; Translation strategies and tactics ; Unit of translation

• Translation policy (Meylaerts, Vol. 2, 163–168); see also Agents of translation; Applied Translation Studies; Censorship; Community interpreting; Descriptive Translation Studies; Institutional translation; Multilingualism and translation; Norms of translation; Polysystem theory and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Subtitling; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies; Voiceover and dubbing

• Translation practice See Impact of translation theory

• Translation problem (Toury, Vol. 2, 169–174); see also Models in Translation Studies; Think-aloud protocol; Translation process; Translation strategies and tactics; Translation Studies

• Translation process (Englund Dimitrova, Vol. 1, 406–411); see also Cognitive approaches; Descriptive Translation Studies; Eye tracking; Metaphors for translation; Models in Translation Studies; Think-aloud protocol; Translation problem; Translation psychology; Translation strategies and tactics; Unit of translation

• Translation profession See Collaborative translation

• Translation project See Globalization and translation

• Translation proper See Translation Studies

• Translation psychology (Jääskeläinen, Vol. 3, 191–197); see also Cognitive approaches; Neurolinguistics and interpreting; Translation process

• Translation reflection See Impact of translation theory

• Translation rights (Basalamah, Vol. 3, 198–202); see also Agents of translation; Editorial policy and translation; Paratexts; Retranslation

• Translation rules See Polysystem theory and translation

• Translation service See NGOs and translation

• Translation strategies and tactics (Gambier, Vol. 1, 412–418); see also Adaptation; Communism and Translation Studies; Conference interpreting; Functionalist approaches; Music and translation; Think-aloud protocol; Translation process; Translation psychology

• Translation Studies See Alternative labels for “translation” ; Ecology of translation

• Translation Studies (Munday, Vol. 1, 419–428); see also Applied Translation Studies; Cognitive approaches; Common grounds in Translation and Interpreting (Studies); Computer-aided translation; Corpora; Descriptive Translation Studies; Equivalence; Functionalist approaches; Institutionalization of Translation Studies; Interpreting Studies; Literary Studies and Translation Studies; Translation history; Translation process

• Translation technologies See Audio description ; Digital humanities and translation studies

• Translation theory See General translation theory ; Models in Translation Studies

• Translation tools (Folaron, Vol. 1, 429–436); see also Computer-aided translation; Corpora; Teaching translation / Training translators; Technical translation; Web and translation

• Translation universals (Chesterman, Vol. 2, 175–179); see also Contrastive linguistics and Translation Studies; Corpora; Descriptive Translation Studies; Linguistics and translation; Norms of translation; Retranslation; Stylistics and translation; Subtitling; Translation psychology; Translation Studies

• Translation working process See Translation strategies and tactics

• Translation zone (Simon, Vol. 4, 181–185); see also Globalization and translation; Hybridity and translation; Migration and translation; Minority languages and translation

• Translational turn (Bachmann-Medick, Vol. 4, 186–193); see also Cultural translation; Eurocentrism; Globalization and translation; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Migration and translation; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Self-translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation; Translation Studies; Turns of Translation Studies

• Translationese See Translation universals

• Translatology See Translation Studies

• Translator studies (Chesterman, Vol. 5, 241–245); see also Agents of translation; Cognitive approaches; Committed approaches and activism; Computer-aided translation; Cultural approaches; Descriptive Translation Studies; Ecology of translation; Ethics and translation; Gender in translation; Ideology and translation; Quality in translation; Representation of translators and interpreters; Sociology of translation; Translation history; Translation psychology; Turns of Translation Studies; Visibility (and invisibility)

• Translator See Emotions and translation ; Indirect translation ; Translation Studies

• Translator's manuscript See Genetic translation studies

• Translatorship See Agents of translation ; Author and translator ; Institutional translation ; Methodology in Translation Studies

• Translatorial competence See Theory of translatorial action

• Transliteration See Orality and translation ; Sign language interpreting and translating

• Transmedial production See Translating popular fiction

• Transmission See Religious texts and oral tradition

• Transmutation See Translation Studies

• Transnational language See World literature and translation

• Transportation See Philosophy and translation

• Travel and translation (Cronin, Vol. 4, 194–199); see also Agents of translation; Globalization and translation; Power and translation; Transfer and Transfer Studies; Translation zone

• Travel literature See Orality and translation ; Travel and translation

• Triangulated methodology See Sociolinguistics and translation

• Triangulation See Empathy ; Empirical approaches

• True translation See Self-translation

• Turns of Translation Studies, the (Snell-Hornby, Vol. 1, 366–370); see also Community interpreting; Computer-aided translation; Descriptive Translation Studies; Functionalist approaches; Gender in translation; Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies; Interpreting Studies; Machine translation today; Post-colonial literatures and translation; Sociology of translation; Think-aloud protocol; Translation Studies

• Types of indirect translation See Intralingual translation

• Types of organisation See NGOs and translation

• Typology of translation (Jakobson) See Intersemiotic translation