Chapter published in:
Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact: Studies from Africa, the Americas, and Spain
Edited by Rajiv Rao
[Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 28] 2020
► pp. 208–226

Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation

A case of contact-induced language change

| University of Memphis
| University of Wisconsin-Madison
| University of Texas at Austin, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Foro Latinoamericano de Antropología del Derecho
This paper provides an analysis of Afro-Peruvian Spanish (APS) declarative intonation. APS is an Afro-Hispanic vernacular spoken across some rural villages in the Province of Chincha, coastal Peru. Results indicate that APS does not follow declarative intonation patterns found in most normative varieties of Spanish. In particular, it shows lower rates of downstepping; it presents systematic peak alignment at the word level (both in nuclear and prenuclear positions); and it is characterized by L- boundary tones at the intermediate phrase edges (rather than H- configurations). We analyze these results as the byproduct of contact-induced change, which led to the reduction of Spanish phonological targets in the APS grammar and to a subsequent reconfiguration of its prosodic system.
Keywords: Afro-Peruvian Spanish, prosody, intonation, contact-induced change
Published online: 06 August 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.28.08but
References

References

Aguilar, L., de-la-Mota, C., & Prieto, P.
(2009) Sp_ToBI training materials. Retrieved from http://​prosodia​.upf​.edu​/sp​_tobi (19 February, 2020).
Barnes, H., & Michnowicz, J.
(2013) Peak alignment in semi-spontaneous bilingual Chilipo Spanish. In A. M. Carvalho & S. Beaudrie (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics (pp. 109–122). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Beckman, M., Díaz-Campos, M., McGory, J. T., & Morgan, T.
(2002) Intonation across Spanish, in the tones and break indices framework. Probus, 14, 9–36. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D.
(2014) Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://​www​.praat​.org/ (19 February, 2020).Google Scholar
Bustin, A., Fenton, E., & Muntendam, A.
(2017, June). Controlled elicitation of Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation in broad focus declaratives. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Bilingualism 11. University of Limerick, Ireland.Google Scholar
Colantoni, L.
(2011) Broad-focus declaratives in Argentine Spanish contact and non-contact varieties. In C. Gabriel & C. Lleó (Eds.), Intonational phrasing in Romance and Germanic: Cross-linguistic and bilingual studies (pp. 183–212). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Colantoni, L., & Gurlekian, J.
(2004) Convergence and intonation: Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 107–119. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Correa, J. A.
(2012) La entonación del palenquero y del kateyano de San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia). In G. Maglia & A. Schwegler (Eds.), Palenque (Colombia): Oralidad, identidad y resistencia (pp. 31–56). Bogotá: Editorial Universidad Javeriana.Google Scholar
Craft, J.
(2015) Acquisition of intonation by L2 speakers of Spanish while on a six week study abroad program in Valencia, Spain (Unpublished master’s thesis). Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Dimitrova, S., Andreeva, B., Gabriel, C., & Grünke, J.
(2018) Speaker age effects on prosodic patterns in Bulgarian. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2018 (pp. 709–713). Retrieved from https://​www​.isca​-speech​.org​/archive​/SpeechProsody​_2018/ (19 February, 2020).
D’Imperio, M., Elordieta, G., Frota, S., Prieto, P., & Vigário M.
(2005) Intonational phrasing in Romance: The role of syntactic and prosodic structure. In S. Frota, M. Vigário, & M. J. Freitas (Eds.), Prosodies (pp. 59–98). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Elordieta, G.
(2003) The Spanish intonation of speakers of a Basque pitch-accent dialect. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 2, 67–95. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Estebas-Vilaplana, E., & Prieto, P.
(2008) La notación prosódica del español: Una revision de Sp_ToBI. Estudios de Fonética Experimental, XVII, 263–283.Google Scholar
Face, T.
(2001) Focus and early peak alignment in Spanish intonation. Probus, 13, 223–246. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Intonation in Spanish declaratives: Differences between lab speech and spontaneous speech. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 2, 115–131. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Face, T., & Prieto, P.
(2007) Rising accents in Castilian Spanish: A revision of Sp_ToBI. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 7, 117–146. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gooden, S.
(2017, June). Prosody and grammaticalization in Caribbean creole development. Paper presented at the Annual Summer Conference of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. University of Tampere, Finland.Google Scholar
Hualde, J. I.
(2002) Intonation in Spanish and the other Ibero-Romance languages. In C. R. Wiltshire & J. Camps (Eds.), Romance philology and variation (pp. 101–115). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hualde, J. I., & Schwegler, A.
(2008) Intonation in Palenquero. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 23, 1–31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hualde J. I., & Prieto, P.
(2015) Intonational variation in Spanish: European and American varieties. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (Eds.), Intonation and Romance (pp. 350–391). Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W.
(1972) Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
(1984) Field methods of the project on linguistic change and variation. In J. Baugh & J. Sherzer (Eds.), Language in use: Readings on sociolinguistics (pp. 28–54). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Ladd, D. R.
(2008) Intonational phonology (2nd edi.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, J.
(2007) Castile and the hydra: The diversification of Spanish in Latin America. Retrieved from http://​www​.personal​.psu​.edu​/jml34​/hydra​.pdf (19 February, 2020).
Megenney, W.
(1982) Elementos subsaháricos en el español dominicano. In O. Alba (Ed.), El español del Caribe (pp. 183–201). Santiago, Dominican Republic: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.Google Scholar
Mena Mena, W. A.
(2014) Características de la entonación en el habla de Quibdó (Unpublished master’s thesis). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Mennen, I.
(2015) Beyond segments: Towards an L2 intonation learning theory (LILt). In E. Delais-Roussaire, M. Avanzi, & S. Herment (Eds.), Prosody and languages in contact: L2 acquisition, attrition, languages in multilingual situation (pp. 171–188). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Michnowicz, J., & Barnes, H.
(2013) A sociolinguistic analysis of pre-nuclear peak alignment in Yucatan Spanish. In C. Howe, S. E. Blackwell, & M. Lubbers Quesada (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the 15th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (pp. 221–235). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Nibert, H. J.
(2006) The acquisition of the phrase accent by beginning adult learners of Spanish as a second language. In M. Díaz-Campos (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonetics and Phonology (pp. 131–148). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, E.
(2005) Intonation and language contact: A case study of two varieties of Peruvian Spanish (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL.
Pierrehumbert, J. B.
(1980) The phonology and phonetics of English intonation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). MIT, Cambridge, MA.
Prieto, P., & Roseano, P.
(Eds.) (2010) Transcription of intonation of the Spanish language. Munich: Lincom.Google Scholar
Rao, R.
(2009) Deaccenting in spontaneous speech on Barcelona Spanish. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 2(1), 31–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Final lengthening and pause duration in three dialects of Spanish. In M. Ortega-Llebaria (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the 4th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonology (pp. 69–82). Somerville MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Rao, R., & Sessarego, S.
(2016) On the intonation of Afro-Bolivian Spanish declaratives: Implications for a theory of Afro-Hispanic creole genesis. Lingua, 174, 45–64. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sessarego, S.
(2013) Afro-Hispanic contact varieties as advanced second languages. IBERIA, 5(1), 96–122.Google Scholar
Sessarego, S., & Gutiérrez-Rexach, J.
(2018) Afro-Hispanic contact varieties at the syntax/pragmatics interface: Pro-drop phenomena in Chinchano Spanish. In J. King & S. Sessarego (Eds.), Language variation and contact-induced change: Spanish across space and time (pp. 85–110). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sessarego, S., & Rao, R.
(2016) On the simplification of a prosodic inventory: The Afro-Bolivian Spanish case. In A. Cuza, L. Czerwionka, & D. Olson (Eds.), Inquiries in Hispanic linguistics. From theory to empirical evidence (pp. 171–190). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A.
(2003) Near-nativeness. In C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 130–153). Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A., & Serratrice, L.
(2009) Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 195–210. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Willis, E. W.
(2006) Utterance signaling and tonal levels in Dominican Spanish declaratives and interrogatives. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 5, 179–205.Google Scholar
Yakpo, K., & Steien, G. B
(2017, June). Romancing with tone: Prosodic systems in language contact. Paper presented at the Annual Summer Conference of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. University of Tampere, Finland.Google Scholar
Zárate-Sández, G.
(2015) Perception and production of intonation among English-Spanish bilinguals at different proficiency levels (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Georgetown University, Washington, DC.