Cover not available
Article published In:
International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 7:1 (2020) ► pp.140–157

试论普通话声调的本调

——兼谈五度值记调法的性质

| Nankai University

本文提出对普通话声调描写的改进意见：把以单字调为基础的观念改为以连读调为基础。普通话的声调描写应为：阴平55、阳平35、上声11、去声53。理由可以有三点：1、连读调更接近于本调。2、单字调带有边界成分。3、连读调更接近实际语言交际。另外我们还找到两个理论依据。一个是麦迪森的平调定义，一个是赵元任的双数调原则。文章列出大量的声学和感知实验的证据来支持我们的意见。同时指出：普通话声调的这种轴对称结构表现出最大区别原理的最佳对立状态。讨论认为，五度值是一种半调值、半调位的记调法，具有相当的模糊性。实际语言中极少有分为五级调阶的。

Keywords: 普通话声调, 五度值记调法, 本调, 单字调, 连读调
Article outline
  • 1.单字调和连读调
    • 1.1连读调更接近于本调
    • 1.2单字调带有边界成分
    • 1.3连读调更接近实际语言交际
  • 2.平调定义和双数调原则
    • 2.1麦迪森的平调定义
    • 2.2赵元任的双数调原则
  • 3.对于本调的说明
    • 3.1阴平调
    • 3.2阳平调
    • 3.3上声调
      • 3.3.1上声本调
      • 3.3.2检验与证据
    • 3.4去声调
  • 4.声调系统的轴对称结构
  • 5.余论：五度值的性质
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 30 June 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.00008.shi
References

参考文献

Chao, Yuen Ren 赵元任
(1922) Zhongguo yanyu zidiao de shiyan yanjiufa 中国言语字调底实验研究法 [An experimental study of Chinese tone]. Kexue 科学, No.9.Google Scholar
(1930) A system of “tone-letters”. 见Fangyan 方言 (1980) 21: 81–83.Google Scholar
Crystal, D.
(1997) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics，Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Shen, Jiaxuan 沈家煊译 translated Xiandai Yuyanxue Cidian 现代语言学词典. Shangwu Yinshuguan 商务印书馆 2017.Google Scholar
Ding, Bangxin 丁邦新
(1982) Hanyu fangyan fenqu de tiaojian 汉语方言区分的条件 [The conditions of distinguishing Chinese Dialects] ，Qinghua Xuebao 清华学报, No.14.1, Vol.21: 257–273. Also in Bangxin Ding 丁邦新 (ed.), Ding Bangxin Yuyanxue Lunwenji 丁邦新语言学论文集 [Selected papers on linguistics by Bangxin Ding]. Shangwu Yinshuguan 商务印书馆 1998.Google Scholar
Lin, Tao 林焘
(1989) Hanyu yunlv tezheng he yuyin jiaoxue 汉语韵律特征和语音教学 [Prosodic characteristics of Chinese and phonetic teaching]. In Tao Lin 林焘 (ed.), Lin Tao Yuyanxue Lunwenji 林焘语言学论文集 [Selected papers on linguistics by Tao Lin]. Shangwu Yinshuguan 商务印书馆 2001.Google Scholar
Luo, Changpei 罗常培 and Wang, Jun 王均
(1956) Putong Yuyinxue Gangyao 普通语音学纲要 [Outline of general phonetics]. Shangwu Yinshuguan 商务印书馆.Google Scholar
Maddieson, Ian
(1978) Universals of tone. In Joseph Greenberg (ed.), Universals of Human Language, Vol. 21 (Phonology). Stanford University Press. 335–365.Google Scholar
Rong, Rong 荣蓉, Ping Wang 王萍 and Feng Shi 石锋
(2015) Hanyu Putonghua shengdiao de tinggan geju 汉语普通话声调的听觉感知格局 [Perception pattern of Chinese Mandarin tone], Nankai Yuyan Xuekan 南开语言学刊, No.11,11–24.Google Scholar
Shen, Jiong 沈炯
(1985) Putonghua shengdiao de yinyu he yudiao 普通话声调的音域和语调 [The tone register and intonation of Putonghua]. In Tao Lin 林焘 and Lijia Wang 王理嘉 (eds.), Beijing yuyin shiyanlu 北京语音实验录 [Beijing speech experiment record]. 北京大学出版社 Beijing University Press.Google Scholar
Shi, Feng 石锋
(1987) Tianjin fangyan danziyin shengdiao fnxi 天津方言单字音声调分析 [An analysis of single tone in Tianjin Dialect] Yuyan yanjiu luncong 语言研究论丛, No. 5. Also in Yuyinxue Tanwei 语音学探微 [Exploration in Phonetics]. Beijing Daxue Chubanshe 北京大学出版社 1990.Google Scholar
(1990a) Zailun Tianjinhua de shengdiao jiqi bianhua 再论天津话声调及其变化 [More on the tones and the changes of Tianjin dialect]. Yuyan Yanjiu 语言研究（ Language Research）, No. 2.Google Scholar
(1990b) Lun wuduzhi jidiaofa 论五度值记调法 [On the five-degree method]. Tianjin Shida Xuebao 天津师大学报 [Journal of Tianjin Normal University], No. 3: 15–19.Google Scholar
(2002) Beijinghua de yuanyin geju 北京话的元音格局. Nankai Yuyan Xuekan 南开语言学刊, No. 1.Google Scholar
Shi, Feng 石锋 and Qibin Ran 冉启斌
(2011) Putonghua Shangsheng de benzhi shi dipingdiao 普通话上声的本质是低平调 [The essence of Mandarin rising tone is low-level tone]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文, No. 6.Google Scholar
Shi, Feng 石锋 and Ping Wang 王萍
(2006) Putonghua danziyin shengdiao de tongji fnxi 普通话单字音声调的统计分析 [A statistical analysis of the single tones of Mandarin]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文, No. 1.Google Scholar
(2014) Bianjiediao he jiaodiandiao 边界调和焦点调 [Boundary tone and focus tone]. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 42.1.Google Scholar
Todo, Akiyasu 藤堂明保
(1980) Zhongguoyu Yinyunlun 中国语音韵论 [On Chinese Phonology]（日），Guangsheng Guan光生馆.Google Scholar
Todo, Akiyasu 藤堂明保等.
(1970) Zhongguoyu Jiaoben 中国语教本 [Chinese Textbook]（日），Guangsheng Guan光生馆.Google Scholar
Wang, Li 王力
(1979) Xiandai Hanyu yuyin fnxi zhong de jige wenti 现代汉语语音分析中的几个问题 [Some problems in modern Chinese phonetic analysis]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文，No.4.Google Scholar
Wang, William S-Y. 王士元 and Zhongwei Shen 沈钟伟
(1987) Fangfa, lilun yu fangyan yanjiu – yuyan yanjiu de keguanxing he helixing方法、理论与方言研究——语言研究的客观性和合理性[Methodology, theory and dialect research: objectivity and rationality of language research]. Paper presented at The first international Cantonese dialect Symposium, Hong Kong.
Yip, Moira
(1980) The Tonal Phonology of Chinese. Ph.D. Dissertation. MIT.Google Scholar
Zhang, Hongming 张洪明
(2002) 北大中文论坛Beida Zhongwen Luntan, PK-BBS-TS-HMZ.zip_renamed.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yan 张妍
(2018) Beijing Putonghua de shengdiao shiyan fenxi 北京普通话的声调实验分析 [An experimental analysis of the tones of Putonghua in Beijing]. Ph.D. Dissertation, Beijing Language and Culture University.Google Scholar