The emergence of e5 khuan2
个款 as a sensory evidential marker in TSM
This paper takes the string e5 khuan2
个款 (EK for short) as an ambiguous case to show the emergence of a grammatical function out of a lexical category. It examines the ambiguity of EK in conjunction with the analysis of its syntactic structure. It explores the collocates of EK including a range of matrix predicates and sentence-final particles. It pins down EK as a sensory evidential marker in semantic interpretation. Finally, it teases out the unique syntactic and semantic properties of EK in terms of the layered structure of sentence-final particles.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Syntactic structure
- 2.1[
dp
XP – e5 khuan2
个款]
- 2.2[
sfp
e5 khuan2
个款] as a sentence-final particle
- 2.3Ambiguous cases
- 3.X – e5 khuan2
个款 and its collocates
- 3.1
Tshin1-tshiunn7
親像 Family
- 3.2
Kann2na2
敢若 ‘seem, as if’
- 3.3
Kai3 tshiunn7
介像 and kai3 sing5
介成
- 3.4
Khuann3
0khi2
0lai5
看起來
- 3.5
Kam2kak4
感覺
- 3.6
Phah4-sing3
拍算/扑算
- 4.Layered structure of e5 khuan2
个款 and sentence-final particles
- 4.1
Lah0
啦
- 4.2
Oo5
哦
- 4.3
Hoonn0
呼
- 4.4
An2ni1
安呢
- 5.Semantic interpretation
- 5.1Direct evidence via sensory input
- 5.2Indirect evidence via inference
- 6.Stacking of lexical and functional categories
- 7.Closing words
-
Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References
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