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International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 5:1 (2018) ► pp.125–166

论福州方言的粘附成分与粘附组

| 香港中文大学
本文在韵律音系学理论框架下对福州方言的粘附成分与粘附组进行分析。在前人针对不同语言的粘附成分与粘附组所做探讨的基础上，本文从构词句法功能与音系表现两个方面，对福州方言的相关材料进行了全面分析，揭示了福州方言粘附成分与其他语言粘附成分在构词句法与音系上的共同特征。福州方言的两类粘附组在音系表现上存在不对称的现象，然而，与其他韵律单位相比，福州方言粘附组作为一个整体仍然具有十分特殊的音系表现，这为福州方言中粘附组这一韵律单位的设立提供了动因与证据。此外，福州方言的粘附成分可以选择韵律层级中位置高于韵律词的韵律单位作为宿主，这对韵律音系学理论中的严格分层假设构成了巨大的挑战。这一挑战利用弱化的严格分层假设即可得到合理的解释，而无需将粘附组这一韵律单位排除在韵律层级之外。
Keywords: 福州方言, 粘附成分, 粘附组, 韵律音系学, 严格分层假设
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.人类语言中的粘附成分与粘附组
    • 2.1人类语言粘附成分的性质
    • 2.2韵律音系学中的粘附组
      • 2.2.1韵律音系学的基本前提与假设
      • 2.2.2粘附组的定义及关于粘附组辖域的证据
  • 3.福州方言的粘附成分及其构词句法功能
    • 3.1福州方言的后粘附成分
      • 3.1.1领属/修饰/名词化标记“其” [ki0]
      • 3.1.2形容词重叠标记“势” [siɛ213]、“式” [seiʔ23] 和“喏” [luoʔ23]
      • 3.1.3体标记
        • 3.1.3.1持续体标记“𠲥” [lɛ0]
        • 3.1.3.2经历体标记“过” [kuo213] 和“着” [tuoʔ5]
        • 3.1.3.3完成体标记“𠲥” [lɛ0]
        • 3.1.3.4完成体标记“去”[kho0]
        • 3.1.3.5句末助词“了”[lau31]
        • 3.1.3.6短时体标记“囇”[la242]
      • 3.1.4疑问词“无”[mo51]、“未”[mui242]和“𣍐”[ma242]
      • 3.1.5动词后小词
        • 3.1.5.1动词后小词“敆”[kaʔ0]
        • 3.1.5.2动词后小词“遘”[kau213]
        • 3.1.5.3动词后小词“𠲥”[lɛ0]
      • 3.1.6处所标记“𠲥”[lɛ0]
      • 3.1.7包含后粘附成分的递归性粘附组
    • 3.2福州方言的前粘附成分
      • 3.2.1进行体标记“𠲥”[lɛ31]
      • 3.2.2助动词“是”[sei242]和“有”[ʔou242]
      • 3.2.3介词“将”[tsuoŋ44]和“跟”[kyŋ44]
      • 3.2.4包含前粘附成分的递归性粘附组
    • 3.3小结
  • 4.福州方言的粘附组及其音系表现
    • 4.1福州方言音系：声调、声母及相关音系规则
    • 4.2福州方言韵律音系结构：韵律词、音系短语及相关音系规则的运用辖域
    • 4.3福州方言粘附组与音系变调规则
      • 4.3.1福州方言A类粘附组与音系变调规则
      • 4.3.2福州方言B类粘附组与音系变调规则
    • 4.4福州方言粘附组与声母辅音弱化规则
      • 4.4.1福州方言A类粘附组与声母辅音弱化规则
      • 4.4.2福州方言B类粘附组与声母辅音弱化规则
    • 4.5小结
  • 5.福州方言粘附组对严格分层假设的违反现象
  • 6.结论
  • 致谢
  • Notes
  • 参考文献

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 10 August 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.17011.you
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