Artificial intelligence is by its very nature synthetic, its motto is “Understanding by building”. In the early days of artificial intelligence the focus was on abstract thinking and problem solving. These phenomena could be naturally mapped onto algorithms, which is why originally AI was considered to be part of computer science and the tool was computer programming. Over time, it turned out that this view was too limited to understand natural forms of intelligence and that embodiment must be taken into account. As a consequence the focus changed to systems that are able to autonomously interact with their environment and the main tool became the robot. The “developmental robotics” approach incorporates the major implications of embodiment with regard to what has been and can potentially be learned about human cognition by employing robots as cognitive tools. The use of “robots as cognitive tools” is illustrated in a number of case studies by discussing the major implications of embodiment, which are of a dynamical and information theoretic nature.
Churaman, Wayne A., Luke J. Currano, Christopher J. Morris, Jessica E. Rajkowski & Sarah Bergbreiter
2012. The First Launch of an Autonomous Thrust-Driven Microrobot Using Nanoporous Energetic Silicon. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 21:1 ► pp. 198 ff.
Tikhanoff, Vadim, Angelo Cangelosi & Giorgio Metta
2011. Integration of Speech and Action in Humanoid Robots: iCub Simulation Experiments. IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development 3:1 ► pp. 17 ff.
Begum, M. & F. Karray
2009. Computational Intelligence Techniques in Bio-inspired Robotics. In Design and Control of Intelligent Robotic Systems [Studies in Computational Intelligence, 177], ► pp. 1 ff.
Bongard, Josh, Victor Zykov & Hod Lipson
2006. Resilient Machines Through Continuous Self-Modeling. Science 314:5802 ► pp. 1118 ff.
Zhang, Xing & Mark H. Lee
2006. Early Perceptual and Cognitive Development in Robot Vision. In From Animals to Animats 9 [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4095], ► pp. 31 ff.
Zhang, Xing & Mark H. Lee
2006. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, ► pp. 2024 ff.
Lungarella, Max, Giorgio Metta, Rolf Pfeifer & Giulio Sandini
2003. Developmental robotics: a survey. Connection Science 15:4 ► pp. 151 ff.
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