We investigate the variable presence of overt complementizers in the bilingual repertoire of young Anglophone Montrealers, examining approximately 1,600 sentences in spoken French and English. The effects of linguistic constraints are compared between their two languages, and also to recent research on Quebec City Anglophones’ and to L1 Quebec Francophones’ speech. We also examine instances of usage of the verbs of quotation be like and être comme. Patterns of several linguistic constraints affecting the variation help us understand the intersection of subordinate clause marking and the grammaticization of be like/être comme as verbs of quotation as well as better understand advanced stages of second language acquisition.
Blondeau, Hélène, Nathalie Dion & Zoe Ziliak Michel
2014. Future temporal reference in the bilingual repertoire of Anglo-Montrealers: A twin variable. International Journal of Bilingualism 18:6 ► pp. 674 ff.
Daleszynska-Slater, Agata & Miriam Meyerhoff
2020. voice of Polan[t]. Sociolinguistic Studies 14:1-2
Daleszynska-Slater, Agata, Miriam Meyerhoff & James A. Walker
2016. A variationist account of voice onset time (VOT) among bilingual West Indians in Panama
. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 9:1 ► pp. 113 ff.
Liang, Yiming, Pascal Amsili & Heather Burnett
2021. New ways of analyzing complementizer drop in Montréal French: Exploration of cognitive factors. Language Variation and Change 33:3 ► pp. 359 ff.
Meyerhoff, Miriam
2009. Replication, transfer, and calquing: Using variation as a tool in the study of language contact. Language Variation and Change 21:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
Meyerhoff, Miriam
2019. Unnatural bedfellows? The sociolinguistic analysis of variation and language documentation. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49:2 ► pp. 229 ff.
Meyerhoff, Miriam & Erik Schleef
2012. Variation, contact and social indexicality in the acquisition of (ing) by teenage migrants1. Journal of Sociolinguistics 16:3 ► pp. 398 ff.
Meyerhoff, Miriam & Erik Schleef
2014. Hitting an Edinburgh Target: Immigrant Adolescents’ Acquisition of Variation in Edinburgh English. In Sociolinguistics in Scotland, ► pp. 103 ff.
Ravindranath, Maya
2015. Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Contact. Language and Linguistics Compass 9:6 ► pp. 243 ff.
2023. 11. Variation in Morphosyntax. Publication of the American Dialect Society 108:1 ► pp. 206 ff.
Yang, Jinsuk & Katherine Rehner
2015. Learner beliefs about sociolinguistic competence: A qualitative case study of four university second language learners. Language Learning in Higher Education 5:1
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