A pragmatics of intimacy
This study examines the ways in which multiple modern communication technologies facilitate, across time and
space, the maintenance of a close interpersonal relationship between two best friends. The analysis, which focuses mainly on the
openings and closings of the different types of communications, reveals a tendency for the friends to shorten openings and extend
closings. However, this is possible only if the friends are fully aware of, and care about, the practical, social and emotional
details of each other’s lives during periods of absence. The concomitant linguistic behaviours in their interpersonal interactions
could be described as a kind of pragmatics of intimacy which cannot be achieved without the explicit and practical demonstration
of that mutual care and concern.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Related work
- 3.Background and methods
- 4.Analysis
- 4.1Openings
- 4.1.1Asynchronous communications: E-mail and SMS
- 4.1.2Synchronous communications: Landline calls
- 4.1.3Synchronous communications: ‘Mobile’ calls
- 4.1.4Synchronous communications: Instant messaging
- 4.2Closings
- 4.2.1Asynchronous communications: Email and SMS
- 4.2.2Synchronous communications: Telephone calls
- 4.2.3Synchronous communications: Instant messaging
- 5.Discussion
- 5.1Openings and closeness across media
- 5.2Closings and closeness across media
- 6.Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Note
-
References
References (58)
References
Arminen, Ilka. 2005. “Sequential order and sequence structure: The case of incommensurable studies on mobile phone calls.” Discourse Studies 7(6): 649–662.
Arminen, Ilka, and Alexandra Weilenmann. 2009. “Mobile presence and intimacy – Reshaping social actions in mobile contextual configuration.” Journal of Pragmatics 411: 1905–1923.
Baym, Nancy, Yang Bing Zhang, and Mei-Chen Lin. 2004. “Social interactions across media: Interpersonal communication on the Internet, telephone and face-to-face.” New Media and Society 61: 299–318.
Begole, James, John C. Tang, and Hill Rosco. 2003. “Rhythm modelling, visualizations and applications. UIST 2003.” In Proceedings of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 11–20. New York: ACM Press.
Button, Graham. 1987. “Moving out of closings.” In Talk and Social Organisation, ed. by Graham Button, and John R. E. Lee, 101–151. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Clancy, Brian. 2016. Investigating Intimate Discourse: Exploring the Spoken Interaction of Families, Couples and Friends. Abingdon: Routledge.
Collins, Nancy, and Brook Feeney. 2004. “An attachment theory perspective on closeness and intimacy.” In Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, ed. by Debra J. Mashek, and Arthur Aron, 163–187. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Daft, Richard L., and Robert H. Lengel. 1986. “Organisational information requirements, media richness and structural design.” Management Science 321: 554–571.
Davies, Bethany, Andrew Merrison, and Andrew Goddard. 2007. “Institutional apologies in UK higher education: Getting back into the black before going into the red.” Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture 31: 39–63.
DeFrancisco, Victoria. 1991. “The sounds of silence: How men silence women in marital relations.” Discourse Studies 21: 413–423.
Dindia, Kathryn. 2003. “Definitions and perspectives on relational maintenance communication.” In Maintaining Relationships through Communication: Relational, Contextual, and Cultural Variations, ed. by Daniel J. Canary, and Marianne Dainton, 1–28. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Drew, Paul, and Kathy Chilton. 2000. “Calling just to keep in touch: regular and habitualised telephone calls as an environment for small talk.” In Small Talk, ed. by Justine Coupland, 137–162. London: Longman.
Fisher, Danyel, and Paul Dourish. 2004. “Social and temporal structures in everyday collaboration.” In Proceedings of CHI 2004: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 551–558. New York: ACM Press.
Fishman, Pamela. 1978. “What do couples talk about when they’re alone?” In Women’s Language and Style, ed. by Douglas Butturff, and Edmund L. Epstein, 11–22. Akron, OH: L&S Books.
Fishman, Pamela. 1980. “Interactional shiftwork.” Heresies 21: 99–101.
Frohlich, David M. 1994. “Interactions as turns: Some observations from the shadowing of individuals across workplaces.” Sociological Abstracts 421: 103.
Frohlich, David M. 1995. “Requirements for interpersonal information management.” In Personal Information Systems: Business Applications, ed. by Peter J. Thomas, 133–153. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes.
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Harren, Inga, and Mia Raiteniemi. 2008. “The sequential structure of closings in private German phone calls.” Gesprächsforschung 91: 198–223.
Hutchby, Iain, and Simone Barnett. 2005. “Aspects of the sequential organization of mobile phone conversation.” Discourse Studies 71: 147–171.
Kaplan, Danny. 2005. “Public intimacy: Dynamics of seduction in male homosocial interactions.” Symbolic Interaction 281: 571–595.
Katz, James E., and Mark Aakhus (eds.). 2002. Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kiesler, Sara, and Lee Sproull. 1992. “Group decision making and communication technology.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 521: 96–123.
Knobloch, Leanne K., and Denise H. Solomon. 2003. “Manifestations of relationship conceptualization in conversation.” Human Communication Research 291: 482–515.
Kraut, Robert E., Robert S. Fish, Robert Root, and Barbara L. Chalfonte. 1990. “Informal communication in organizations: Form, function, and technology.” In Human Reactions to Technology: The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology, ed. by Stuart Oskamp, and Shirlynn Scacapan, 145–199. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Land, Victoria, Mary Lumkin and David M. Frohlich. 2008. “Conveying availability and capability to communicate in naturalistic interaction.” In People and Computers XXII Culture, Creativity, Interaction, Vol. 2, ed. by Omar Abuelmaatti, and David England, 43–46. Swindon: The British Computer Society.
Laurenceau, Jean Philippe, Luis Rivera, Amy R. Schaffer, and Paula R. Pietromonaco. 2004. “Intimacy as an interpersonal process: Current status and future directions.” In Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, ed. by Debra J. Mashek, and Arthur Aron, 61–78. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Laursen, Ditte. 2005. “Please reply! The replying norm in adolescent SMS communication.” In The Inside Text: Social, Cultural and Design Perspectives on SMS, ed. by R. Harper, L. Paylen, and A. Taylor, 53–73. Dordrecht: Springer.
Liccope, Christian. 2004. “‘Connected’ presence: The emergence of a new repertoire for managing social relationships in a changing communication technoscape.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 221: 135–156.
Liccope, Christian, and Julien Morel. 2010. “Location sharing, proximity recognition and the production of interactionally generated encounters in mobile phone conversations.” Paper presented at ICCA10, Mannheim, 4–8 July 2010.
Madianou, Mirca, and Daniel Miller. 2012. “Polymedia: Towards a new theory of digital media in interpersonal communication.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 161: 169–178.
Márquez Reiter, Rosina. 2005. “Complaint calls to a caregiver service company: The case of desahogo
.” Intercultural Pragmatics 2(5): 481–514.
Márquez Reiter, Rosina. 2011. Mediated Business Interactions: Intercultural Communication between Speakers of Spanish. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mashek, Debrah J., and Arthur Aron (eds.). 2004. Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
McHoul, Alex. 2007. “‘Killers’ and ‘friendlies’: Names can hurt me.” Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture 13(4): 459–469.
Miller, Rowland S., Daniel Perlman, and Sharon Brehm. 2007. Intimate Relationships. New York: McGraw Hill.
Nardi, Bonnie A., Steve Whittaker, and Erin Bradner. 2000. “Interaction and outeraction: Instant messaging in action.” Paper presented at CSCW’00, Philadelphia, 2–6 December 2000.
Perlman, Daniel, and Beverley Fehr. 1987. “The development of intimate relationships.” In Intimate Relationships: Development, Dynamics and Deterioration, ed. by Daniel Perlman, and Steve Duck, 13–42. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pomerantz, Anita. 1986. “Extreme case formulations: A way of legitimizing claims.” Human Studies 91: 219–229.
Reis, Harry T., and Brian C. Patrick. 1996. “Attachment and intimacy: Component processes.” In Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, ed. by E. Tory Higgins, and Arie W. Kruglanski, 523–563. New York: The Guildford Press.
Reis, Harry T., and Philip Shaver. 1988. “Intimacy as an interpersonal process.” In Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research, and Interventions, ed. by Steve Duck, 367–389. Chichester: Wiley.
Rosewarne, Lauren. 2016. Intimacy on the Internet: Media Representations of Online Connections. New York: Routledge.
Sahlstein, Erin M. 2004. “Relating at a distance: Negotiating being together and being apart.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 211: 689–710.
Schegloff, Emanuel. 1979. “Identification and recognition in telephone call openings.” In Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology, ed. by George Psathas, 23–78. New York: Irvington.
Schegloff, Emanuel. 1986. “The routine as achievement.” Human Studies 91: 111–151.
Schegloff, Emanuel, and Harvey Sacks. 1973. “Opening up closings.” Semiotica 81: 289–327.
Sexton, Richard E., and Virginia S. Sexton. 1982. “Intimacy: A historical perspective.” In Intimacy, ed. by Martin Fischer, and George Stricker, 1–20. New York: Plenum.
Sigman, Stuart J. 1991. “Handling the discontinuous aspects of continuous social relationships: Towards research on the persistence of social forms.” Communication Theory 11: 106–127.
Spagnolli, Anna, and Luciano Gamberini. 2007. “Interacting via SMS: Practices of social closeness and reciprocation.” British Journal of Social Psychology 461: 343–364.
Taylor, Ralph B., and Glenn Ferguso. 1980. “Solitude and intimacy: Linking territoriality and privacy experiences.” Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour 41: 227–239.
Tyler, Joshua R., and John C. Tang. 2003. “When can I expect an email response? A study of rhythms in email usage.” In ECSCW 2003: Proceedings of the Eight European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, ed. by Kari Kuutti, Eija Helena Karsten, Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Paul Dourish, and Kjeld Schmidt, 239–258. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Waldvogel, Joan. 2007. “Greetings and closings in workplace email.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12(2), article 6. [URL].
Warin, Megan. 2005. “Transformations of intimacy and sociality in anorexia: Bedrooms in public institutions.” Body and Society 111: 97–113.
Weingarten, Kathy. 1991. “The discourses of intimacy: Adding a social constructionist and feminist view.” Family Process 301: 285–205.
Whittaker, Steve, David M. Frohlich, and Owen Daly-Jones. 1994. “Informal workplace communication: What is it like and how might we support it?” In Proceedings of CHI 1994, 131–137. New York: ACM Press.
Whittaker, Steve, Jones Quentin, and Lauren Terveen. 2002. “Managing long term communications: Conversation and contact management.” In Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, 1070–1079. New York: IEEE.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Rodriguez, Andrea
2022.
“Ay no I do feel exhausted”: Affiliative practices and interpersonal relationships in indirect complaints in Spanish.
Journal of Pragmatics 194
► pp. 39 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.