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Article published In:
Interaction Studies
Vol. 17:3 (2016) ► pp.461–490

Long-term evaluation of a social robot in real homes

| University of Twente, The Netherlands
| Saxion University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| University of Twente, The Netherlands
This study aims to contribute to emerging human-robot interaction research by adding longitudinal findings to a limited number of long-term social robotics home studies. We placed 70 robots in users’ homes for a period of up to six months, and used questionnaires and interviews to collect data at six points during this period. Results indicate that users’ evaluations of the robot dropped initially, but later rose after the robot had been used for a longer period of time. This is congruent with the so-called mere-exposure effect, which shows an increasing positive evaluation of a novel stimulus once people become familiar with it. Before adoption, users focus on control beliefs showing that previous experiences with robots or other technologies allows to create a mental image of what having and using a robot in the home would entail. After adoption, users focus on utilitarian and hedonic attitudes showing that especially usefulness, social presence, enjoyment and attractiveness are important factors for long-term acceptance.
Keywords: domestic environment, human-robot interaction, long-term study, social robots, user acceptance
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The long-term acceptance process
    • 2.1Expectation phase
    • 2.2Encounter phase
    • 2.3Adoption phase
    • 2.4Adaptation phase
    • 2.5Integration phase
    • 2.6Identification phase
  • 3.Related studies
  • 4.Method
    • 4.1Robot
    • 4.2Participants
    • 4.3Instruments
    • 4.4Data collection and procedure
    • 4.5Data analysis
  • Results
    • 5.1Use over time
    • 5.2Quantitative results on the acceptance variables
    • 5.2Qualitative results on the acceptance variables
      • Usefulness
      • Ease of use
      • Adaptability
      • Reliability
      • Intelligence
      • Diversity of use
      • Enjoyment
      • Attractiveness
      • Animacy
      • Social presence
      • Sociability
      • Companionship
      • Social influence
      • Media influence
      • Status
      • Trust
      • Privacy
      • Self-efficacy
      • Previous experiences
      • Prior expectations
      • Cost
      • Situational factors
  • 6.Discussion
    • Limitations
  • 7.Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 30 March 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/is.17.3.08deg
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Gracia, Luis, J. Ernesto Solanes, Pau Muñoz-Benavent, Jaime Valls Miro, Carlos Perez-Vidal & Josep Tornero
2019. Human-robot collaboration for surface treatment tasks. Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 20:1 ► pp. 148 ff. DOI logo
Jaeger, Christopher Brett, Alicia M. Hymel, Daniel T. Levin, Gautam Biswas, Natalie Paul & John Kinnebrew
2019. The interrelationship between concepts about agency and students’ use of teachable-agent learning technology. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 4:1 DOI logo
Michaelis, Joseph E. & Bilge Mutlu
2019. Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, ► pp. 71 ff. DOI logo
Peek, S. T. M., K. G. Luijkx, H. J. M. Vrijhoef, M. E. Nieboer, S. Aarts, C. S. van der Voort, M. D. Rijnaard & E. J. M. Wouters
2019. Understanding changes and stability in the long-term use of technologies by seniors who are aging in place: a dynamical framework. BMC Geriatrics 19:1 DOI logo
Simão, Hugo & Tiago Guerreiro
2019. Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Nicolas Spatola
2019. L’interaction Homme-Robot, de l’anthropomorphisme à l’humanisation. L’Année psychologique Vol. 119:4 ► pp. 515 ff. DOI logo
Herrero, Roberto Pinillos, Jaime Pulido Fentanes & Marc Hanheide
2018. Getting to Know Your Robot Customers: Automated Analysis of User Identity and Demographics for Robots in the Wild. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3:4 ► pp. 3733 ff. DOI logo
Kunze, Lars, Nick Hawes, Tom Duckett, Marc Hanheide & Tomas Krajnik
2018. Artificial Intelligence for Long-Term Robot Autonomy: A Survey. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3:4 ► pp. 4023 ff. DOI logo
de Graaf, Maartje M. A.
2016. An Ethical Evaluation of Human–Robot Relationships. International Journal of Social Robotics 8:4 ► pp. 589 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 18 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.