Cover not available
Article published In:
ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 171:2 (2020) ► pp.191–220

Incidental vocabulary learning through viewing television

ORCID logo | Carleton University
| University of Western Ontario
Previous research investigating L2 incidental vocabulary learning from video has primarily focused on short videos from genres that may be conducive to vocabulary learning. The research provides evidence that L2 incidental vocabulary learning can occur through video. However, it is uncertain whether viewing episodes of full-length television programs can contribute to incidental learning. This study investigated the effects of viewing 7+ hours of television on incidental vocabulary learning as well as the effects of the frequency and range. One-hundred and eighty-seven Japanese university students viewed ten 42-minute episodes of an American drama. Two vocabulary tests at differing sensitivities were used in a pre- and post-test design measuring receptive knowledge of the form-meaning connection of 60 word-families. The results indicated that (a) viewing television contributed to significant gains in vocabulary knowledge and (b) there was a positive relationship between frequency of occurrence and vocabulary learning. Pedagogical implications are discussed in detail.
Keywords: incidental, vocabulary learning, television, extensive viewing, video
Article outline
  • Background
  • Research investigating incidental vocabulary learning
    • Frequency and range of occurrence and incidental vocabulary learning
    • Rationale for investigating incidental vocabulary learning through television
    • Aims of the research
  • Research questions
  • Methods
    • Participants
    • Procedure
    • Materials
    • Target vocabulary
    • Dependent measures
    • Tough test
    • Sensitive test
    • Scoring
  • Results
    • Research Question 1
    • Research Questions 2 & 3
  • Discussion
    • Frequency and range of vocabulary occurrence and incidental vocabulary acquisition
  • Pedagogical implications
  • Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 25 June 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.18034.rod
References (64)
References
Day, R. R., & Bamford, J. (1998). Extensive reading in the second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Day, R. R., Omura, C., & Hiramatsu, M. (1992). Incidental EFL vocabulary learning and reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 7(2), 541–551.Google Scholar
Dubois, M., & Vial, I. (2000). Multimedia design: the effects of relating multimodal information. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 16(2), 157–165. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Duquette, L., & Painchaud, G. (1996). A comparison of vocabulary acquisition in audio and video contexts. Canadian Modern Language Review, 53(1), 143–172. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Elgort, I., & Warren, P. (2014). L2 vocabulary learning from reading: Explicit and tacit lexical knowledge and the role of learner and item variables. Language Learning, 64(2), 365–414. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Elley, W. B. (1989). Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories. Reading Research Quarterly, 24(2), 174–187. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gass, S. (1999). Incidental vocabulary learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(2), 319–333. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Horst, M. (2005). Learning L2 vocabulary through extensive reading: A measurement study. Canadian Modern Language Review, 61(3), 355–382. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Horst, M., Cobb, T., & Meara, P. (1998). Beyond a Clockwork Orange: Acquiring second language vocabulary through reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 11(2), 207–223.Google Scholar
Horst, M., & Meara, P. M. (1999). Test of a model for predicting second language lexical growth through reading. Canadian Modern Language Review, 56(2), 308–328. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Huang, H. C., & Eskey, D. E. (1999). The effects of closed-captioned television on the listening comprehension of intermediate English as a second language (ESL) students. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 28(1), 75–96. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hulstijn, J. H. (2001). Intentional and incidental second-language vocabulary learning: A reappraisal of elaboration, rehearsal and automaticity. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and Second Language Instruction (pp. 258–286). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jones, L. C., & Plass, J. L. (2002). Supporting listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition in French with multimedia annotations. The Modern Language Journal, 86(4), 546–561. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Laufer, B., & Paribakht, T. S. (1998). The relationship between passive and active vocabularies: effects of language learning context. Language Learning, 48(3), 365–391. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lindgren, E., & Muñoz, C. (2013). The influence of exposure, parents, and linguistic distance on young European learners’ foreign language comprehension. International Journal of Multilingualism, 10(1), 105–129. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Markham, P. (1999). Captioned videotapes and second-language listening word recognition. Foreign Language Annals, 32(3), 321–328. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McFadden, K., Barret, K., & Horst, M. (2009). What’s in a television word list? A corpus-informed investigation. Concordia Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 21, 78–98.Google Scholar
Montero, M., Peters, E., Clarebout, G., & Desmet, P. (2014). Effects of captioning on video comprehension and incidental vocabulary. Language, Learning & Technology, 18(1), 118–141. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Montero Perez, M., Peters, E., & Desmet, P. (2015). Enhancing vocabulary learning through captioned video: an eye-tracking study. The Modern Language Journal, 99(2), 308–328. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Montero Perez, M., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Desmet, P. (2013). Captioned video for L2 listening and vocabulary learning: A meta-analysis. System, 41(3), 720–739. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nagy, W. E., Herman, P. A., & Anderson, R. C. (1985). Learning words from context. Reading Research Quarterly, 20(2), 233–253. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. P. (2013). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2007). The four strands. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 2–13. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2006). How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening? Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(1), 59–82. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. P., & Heatley, A. (2002). Range: A program for the analysis of vocabulary in texts [software]. Available from [URL]
OECD. (2007). Communications Outlook 2007. Paris: OECD. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (2011). Communications Outlook 2011. Paris: OECD. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Paribakht, T. S., & Wesche, M. (1999). Reading and “incidental” L2 vocabulary acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(2), 195–224. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2016). Incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition from and while reading: An eye-tracking study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38(1), 97–130. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pellicer-Sánchez, A., & Schmitt, N. (2010). Incidental vocabulary acquisition from an authentic novel: Do Things Fall Apart. Reading in a Foreign Language, 22(1), 31–55.Google Scholar
Peters, E. (2018). The effect of out-of-class exposure to English language media on learners’ vocabulary knowledge. ITL – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 169(1), 142–168. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Peters, E., Heynen, E., & Puimège, E. (2016). Learning vocabulary through audiovisual input: The differential effect of L1 subtitles and captions. System, 631, 134–148. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Peters, E., & Webb, S. (2018). Incidental vocabulary acquisition through watching a single episode of L2 television. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. Published online January 30, 2018. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pigada, M., & Schmitt, N. (2006). Vocabulary acquisition from extensive reading: A case study. Reading in a Foreign Language, 18(1), 1–28.Google Scholar
Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F. L. (2014). How big is “big”? Interpreting effect sizes in L2 research. Language Learning, 641, 878–912. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rebuschat, P. (Ed.) (2015). Implicit and explicit learning of languages. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rebuschat, P., & Willams, J. (2012). Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language acquisition. Applied Psycholinguistics, 33(4), 829–856. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, M. P. H. (2018a). Extensive Viewing: Extra-Curricular Language Learning Outside the Classroom Walls. In J. I. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2018b). The images in television programs and the potential for learning unknown words. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 169(1), 191–211. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, M. P. H., & Webb, S. (2011). Narrow viewing: The vocabulary in related television programs. TESOL Quarterly, 45(4), 689–717. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2017). The effects of captions on EFL learners’ comprehension of English-language television programs. CALICO Journal, 34(1), 20–38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Saragi, T., Nation, I. S. P., & Meister, G. F. (1978). Vocabulary learning and reading. System, 6(2), 72–78. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, N. (2008). Instructed second language vocabulary learning. Language Teaching Research, 12(3), 329–363. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2014). Size and depth of vocabulary knowledge: What the research shows. Language Learning, 64(4), 913–951. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D. (2012). A reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary teaching. Language Teaching, 47(4), 484–503. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, N., Schmitt, D., & Clapham, C. (2001). Developing and exploring the behavior of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test. Language Testing, 18(1), 55–88. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, J., Fedak, C. & McG (Producers). (2007). Chuck [Television series]. Los Angeles: NBC.Google Scholar
Sydorenko, T. (2010). Modality of input and vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning & Technology, 14(2), 50–73.Google Scholar
Vandergrift, L. (2007). Recent developments in second language and foreign language listening comprehension research. Language Teaching, 40(3), 191–210. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vidal, K. (2003). Academic listening: A source of vocabulary acquisition? Applied Linguistics, 24(1), 56–89. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2011). A comparison of the effects of reading and listening on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning, 61(1), 219–258. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vos, J. F., Schriefers, H., Nivard, M. G. and Lemhöfer, K. (2018). A meta-analysis and meta-regression of incidental second language word learning from spoken input. Language Learning, 681, 906–941. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Waring, R., & Nation, I. (2004). Second language reading and incidental vocabulary learning. Angles on the English-Speaking World, 41, 97–110.Google Scholar
Waring, R., & Takaki, M. (2003). At what rate do learners learn and retain new vocabulary from reading a graded reader. Reading in a Foreign Language, 15(2), 130–163.Google Scholar
Webb, S. (2008). The effects of context on incidental vocabulary learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 20(2), 232–245.Google Scholar
(2015). Extensive viewing: Language learning through watching television. In D. Nunan & J. C. Richards (Eds.), Language Learning Beyond the Classroom (pp. 159–168). London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Chang, A. (2012). Vocabulary learning through assisted and unassisted repeated reading. Canadian Modern Language Review, 68(3), 267–290. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2015a). How does prior word knowledge affect vocabulary learning progress in an extensive reading program? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37(4), 651–675. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Chang, A. C. S. (2015b). Second language vocabulary learning through extensive reading with audio support: How do frequency and distribution of occurrence affect learning? Language Teaching Research, 19(6), 667–686. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webb, S., & Rodgers, M. P. H. (2009). Vocabulary demands of television programs. Language Learning, 59(2), 335–366. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Winke, P., Gass, S., & Sydorenko, T. (2010). The effects of captioning videos used for foreign language listening activities. Language Learning & Technology, 14(1), 65–86.Google Scholar
Yuksel, D., & Tanriverdi, B. (2009). Effects of watching captioned movie clip on vocabulary development of EFL learners. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8(2), 48–54.Google Scholar
Zahar, R., Cobb, T., & Spada, N. (2001). Acquiring vocabulary through reading: Effects of frequency and contextual richness. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(4), 541–572. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cited by (61)

Cited by 61 other publications

Ameri, Saeed
2024. Review of Teng (2021): Language learning through captioned videos: Incidental vocabulary acquisition. Digital Translation DOI logo
Bacani, Casie & Sarvenaz Hatami
2024. Informal learning of Japanese as a foreign language through watching anime. The Language Learning Journal ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Finger-Bou, Rebeca & Carmen Muñoz
2024. The effects of textual enhancement on young learners’ attention and vocabulary acquisition through captioned cartoons. In Audiovisual Input and Second Language Learning [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 61], ► pp. 48 ff. DOI logo
Karimi, Mohammad Nabi & Ali Nasouri
2024. EFL learners’ flow experience and incidental vocabulary learning during text-based game tasks: The moderating role of working memory capacity. System 124 ► pp. 103398 ff. DOI logo
Lee, Taegang & Sungmook Choi
2024. Glossed video keyword captions and L2 vocabulary acquisition: an eye-tracking study. Computer Assisted Language Learning ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Lo, Siowai
2024. Learning vocabulary through dual-subtitled viewing: the impact of different ILH-based interventions. Computer Assisted Language Learning 37:7 ► pp. 1829 ff. DOI logo
Mora, Joan C. & Jonás Fouz-González
2024. Contrastive input enhancement in captioned video for L2 pronunciation learning. In Audiovisual Input and Second Language Learning [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 61], ► pp. 150 ff. DOI logo
Popova, Margarita & Imma Miralpeix
2024. Maximizing L2 learning from captioned TV viewing. In Audiovisual Input and Second Language Learning [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 61], ► pp. 100 ff. DOI logo
Pujadas, Geòrgia & Eva Puimège
2024. Attention allocation in (L1) subtitled and (L2) captioned video viewing. In Audiovisual Input and Second Language Learning [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 61], ► pp. 74 ff. DOI logo
Serrano, Raquel
2024. Vocabulary learning from reading and listening: Replications of Brown et al. (2008) and Vidal (2011). Language Teaching 57:1 ► pp. 113 ff. DOI logo
Soyoof, Ali, Barry Lee Reynolds, Rustam Shadiev & Boris Vazquez-Calvo
2024. A mixed-methods study of the incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary and healthcare knowledge through serious game play. Computer Assisted Language Learning 37:1-2 ► pp. 27 ff. DOI logo
Suter, Lea, Raphael Berthele & Anita Thomas
2024. L’apprentissage du vocabulaire en français L2 avec Netflix : effet des activités de pré-/post-visionnage. Journal of French Language Studies ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Çekiç, Ahmet
2024. Incidental L2 vocabulary learning from audiovisual input: the effects of different types of glosses. Computer Assisted Language Learning 37:4 ► pp. 896 ff. DOI logo
Fievez, Isabeau, Maribel Montero Perez, Frederik Cornillie & Piet Desmet
2023. Promoting incidental vocabulary learning through watching a French Netflix series with glossed captions. Computer Assisted Language Learning 36:1-2 ► pp. 26 ff. DOI logo
Gesa, Ferran & Imma Miralpeix
2023. Extensive viewing and L2 vocabulary learning. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics DOI logo
Gesa, Ferran & Imma Miralpeix
2023. Extensive viewing as additional input for foreign language vocabulary learning: A longitudinal study in secondary school. Language Teaching Research DOI logo
Green, Clarence
2023. Extensive viewing of children’s entertainment and the potential for incidental learning of early years reading vocabulary: a corpus study. Language and Education 37:1 ► pp. 39 ff. DOI logo
Hasnine, Mohammad Nehal, Junji Wu & Hiroshi Ueda
2023. Wordhyve: A MALL Innovation to Support Incidental Vocabulary Learning. In HCI International 2023 Posters [Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1834], ► pp. 246 ff. DOI logo
Lai, Kuo-Wei Kyle & Hao-Jan Howard Chen
2023. A comparative study on the effects of a VR and PC visual novel game on vocabulary learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning 36:3 ► pp. 312 ff. DOI logo
Laufer, Batia & Esther Emma Vaisman
2023. Out‐of‐classroom L2 vocabulary acquisition: The effects of digital activities and school vocabulary. The Modern Language Journal 107:4 ► pp. 854 ff. DOI logo
Liu, Chen-Yu
2023. Are TED Talks Potential Materials for Learning Specialized Vocabulary? A Case of Medical Vocabulary. English Teaching & Learning 47:1 ► pp. 97 ff. DOI logo
Marzban, Sheida, Habil Gyöngyi Fábián & Béla Weiss
2023. 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
McLaughlin, Jessica, Csaba Szabo, Arathi Jane Reddy & Mangeet Kaur Khera
2023. Academic Videos for Incidental Vocabulary Learning Among ESL Foundation Students. In Vocabulary Learning in the Wild, ► pp. 285 ff. DOI logo
Muñoz, Carmen, Geòrgia Pujadas & Anastasiia Pattemore
2023. Audio-visual input for learning L2 vocabulary and grammatical constructions. Second Language Research 39:1 ► pp. 13 ff. DOI logo
Pujadas, Geòrgia & Carmen Muñoz
2023. Measuring the visual in audio-visual input. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 174:2 ► pp. 263 ff. DOI logo
Shin, Hye Won, Sarah Sok & Juhyun Do
2023. Role of individual differences in incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition through listening to stories: metacognitive awareness and motivation. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 61:4 ► pp. 1669 ff. DOI logo
Teng, Mark Feng
2023. Incidental vocabulary learning from captioned video genres: vocabulary knowledge, comprehension, repetition, and working memory. Computer Assisted Language Learning ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Vu, Duy Van, Ann-Sophie Noreillie & Elke Peters
2023. Incidental collocation learning from reading-while-listening and captioned TV viewing and predictors of learning gains. Language Teaching Research DOI logo
Webb, Stuart, Takumi Uchihara & Akifumi Yanagisawa
2023. How effective is second language incidental vocabulary learning? A meta-analysis. Language Teaching 56:2 ► pp. 161 ff. DOI logo
Ahmet, Çekiç
2022. Incidental l2 vocabulary learning through listening vs. viewing: the role of visual aid. i-manager's Journal of Educational Technology 19:3 ► pp. 63 ff. DOI logo
Alotaibi, Sara, Ana Pellicer-Sánchez & Kathy Conklin
2022. The effect of input modes and number of exposures on the learning of L2 binomials. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 173:1 ► pp. 58 ff. DOI logo
Dang, Thi Ngoc Yen, Cailing Lu & Stuart Webb
2022. INCIDENTAL LEARNING OF SINGLE WORDS AND COLLOCATIONS THROUGH VIEWING AN ACADEMIC LECTURE. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 44:3 ► pp. 708 ff. DOI logo
Dang, Thi Ngoc Yen, Cailing Lu & Stuart Webb
2022. Incidental Learning of Collocations in an Academic Lecture Through Different Input Modes. Language Learning 72:3 ► pp. 728 ff. DOI logo
Dang, Thi Ngoc Yen, Cailing Lu & Stuart Webb
2023. Open Access Academic Lectures as Sources for Incidental Vocabulary Learning: Examining the Role of Input Mode, Frequency, Type of Vocabulary, and Elaboration. Applied Linguistics 44:4 ► pp. 747 ff. DOI logo
Hofweber, Julia Elisabeth, Lizzy Aumonier, Vikki Janke, Marianne Gullberg & Chloe Marshall
2022. Breaking Into Language in a New Modality: The Role of Input and Individual Differences in Recognising Signs. Frontiers in Psychology 13 DOI logo
Iwaizumi, Emi & Stuart Webb
2022. Chapter 8. Vocabulary. In Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research Methods [Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 3], ► pp. 181 ff. DOI logo
M. STRATTON, JAMES
2022. Intentional and Incidental Vocabulary Learning: The Role of Historical Linguistics in the Second Language Classroom. The Modern Language Journal 106:4 ► pp. 837 ff. DOI logo
Montero Perez, Maribel
2022. Second or foreign language learning through watching audio-visual input and the role of on-screen text. Language Teaching 55:2 ► pp. 163 ff. DOI logo
Muñoz, Carmen
2022. Audiovisual input in L2 learning. Language, Interaction and Acquisition 13:1 ► pp. 125 ff. DOI logo
Pellicer-Sánchez, Ana
2022. Multimodal reading and second language learning. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 173:1 ► pp. 2 ff. DOI logo
Reynolds, Barry Lee, Xiaowen (Serina) Xie & Quy Huynh Phu Pham
2022. Incidental vocabulary acquisition from listening to English teacher education lectures: A case study from Macau higher education. Frontiers in Psychology 13 DOI logo
Reynolds, Barry Lee, Xiaowen (Serina) Xie & Quy Huynh Phu Pham
2023. The potentials for incidental vocabulary acquisition from listening to computer science academic lectures: a higher education corpus-based case study from Macau. Frontiers in Psychology 14 DOI logo
Suárez, Maria del Mar & Ferran Gesa
2022. Integrating Foreign Language Vocabulary Research into the Curriculum: Extensive Video Viewing in the University Classroom. In English Language Teaching [English Language Teaching: Theory, Research and Pedagogy, ], ► pp. 219 ff. DOI logo
Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Claudia H., Pablo Robles-García & Mercedes Pérez Serrano
2022. L2 Spanish vocabulary teaching in US universities: Instructors’ beliefs and reported practices. Language Teaching Research DOI logo
Vu, Duy Van & Elke Peters
2022. INCIDENTAL LEARNING OF COLLOCATIONS FROM MEANINGFUL INPUT. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 44:3 ► pp. 685 ff. DOI logo
Wang, Andi & Ana Pellicer‐Sánchez
2022. Incidental Vocabulary Learning From Bilingual Subtitled Viewing: An Eye‐Tracking Study. Language Learning 72:3 ► pp. 765 ff. DOI logo
Warnby, Marcus
2022. Receptive academic vocabulary knowledge and extramural English involvement – is there a correlation?. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 173:1 ► pp. 120 ff. DOI logo
Ahrabi Fakhr, Masoud, Davood Borzabadi Farahani & Ali Akbar Khomeijani Farahani
2021. Incidental Vocabulary Learning and Retention from Audiovisual Input and Factors Affecting Them. English Teaching & Learning 45:2 ► pp. 167 ff. DOI logo
Caruana, Sandro
2021. An Overview of Audiovisual Input as a Means for Foreign Language Acquisition in Different Contexts. Language and Speech 64:4 ► pp. 1018 ff. DOI logo
De la Maya Retamar, Guadalupe & Magdalena López-Pérez
2021. Hábitos lectores y competencia léxica de futuros profesores de inglés em Educación Primaria. Educ. Form. 6:1 ► pp. e3504 ff. DOI logo
Dizon, Gilbert
2021. Subscription video streaming for informal foreign language learning: Japanese EFL students’ practices and perceptions. TESOL Journal 12:2 DOI logo
Duong, Phuong Thao, Maribel Montero Perez, Piet Desmet & Elke Peters
2021. Learning vocabulary in spoken input- and output-based tasks. TASK. Journal on Task-Based Language Teaching and Learning 1:1 ► pp. 100 ff. DOI logo
Macis, Marijana, Suhad Sonbul & Rezan Alharbi
2021. The effect of spacing on incidental and deliberate learning of L2 collocations. System 103 ► pp. 102649 ff. DOI logo
Suárez, Maria del Mar, Roger Gilabert & Natalia Moskvina
2021. The mediating role of vocabulary size, working memory, attention and inhibition in early vocabulary learning under different TV genres: An exploratory study. TESOL Journal 12:4 DOI logo
Feng, Yanxue & Stuart Webb
2020. LEARNING VOCABULARY THROUGH READING, LISTENING, AND VIEWING. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 42:3 ► pp. 499 ff. DOI logo
He, Xiaoling, Haojiang Ying & Sureenate Jaratjarungkiat
2020. Multimedia learning materials for second language learners. Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報). The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA 55:3 ► pp. 175 ff. DOI logo
Puimège, Eva & Elke Peters
2020. LEARNING FORMULAIC SEQUENCES THROUGH VIEWING L2 TELEVISION AND FACTORS THAT AFFECT LEARNING. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 42:3 ► pp. 525 ff. DOI logo
Rodgers, Michael P.H.
2020. The images in television programs and the potential for learning unknown words. In Approaches to Learning, Testing and Researching L2 Vocabulary [Benjamins Current Topics, 109], ► pp. 191 ff. DOI logo
WEBB, STUART, AKIFUMI YANAGISAWA & TAKUMI UCHIHARA
2020. How Effective Are Intentional Vocabulary‐Learning Activities? A Meta‐Analysis. The Modern Language Journal 104:4 ► pp. 715 ff. DOI logo
Peters, Elke
2019. The Effect of Imagery and On‐Screen Text on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning From Audiovisual Input. TESOL Quarterly 53:4 ► pp. 1008 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2022. Research Methods in Vocabulary Studies [Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 2], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 18 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.