Index

• abilitysee modality

• achievement 93, 96

• accomplishment206

• action verbsee verb

• actionality205

• activesee voice

• activity 90, 93, 96, 206

• ADMITE corpus 171, 174

• Aktionsartsee actionality

• alethicsee modality

• allativesee verb

• American Sign Language (ASL) 20, 23–24, 26, 31, 33, 37

• anterior 30, 44, 54, 150, 167

• apodosissee conditional sentence

• Archaic Latinsee Latin

• aspect 13, 151, 182, 206
  • complete (action) 174, 178
  • completive 4, 25, 177, 178
  • conclusive25
  • continuative 4, 20
  • frequentative4
  • habitual 4, 22, 92, 194
  • imperfective 4, 16, 35
  • inceptive 4, 17, 35
  • inchoative 3, 115, 124
  • ingressive 4, 19, 35, 124
  • interruptive174
  • iterative 20, 51, 53
  • perfective 24, 36
  • progressive 4, 20, 88
  • prospective 115, 123, 124, 125
  • resultative 32, 34, 55, 150, 157, 167, 177–179
  • terminative44

• aspectual verb 88, 205
  • soler4

• Australian Sign Language (AUSLAN) 31, 37

• auxiliarysee verb

• auxiliary selection 43, 149, 159, 168, 221

• auxiliation 136, 189

• bare infinitive 194, 204

• BIBLIA MEDIEVAL corpus 133, 171, 174

• Biblical Latin (Bible)see Latin

• bridging context 64, 100, 134, 137, 176–178

• British Sign Language (BSL)26

• Bybee, Joan 64, 78, 212

• Canadian Frenchsee French

• Catalan 3, 6, 63, 88, 91, 95, 106, 115, 132, 175, 180, 190, 212
  • Central Catalan91
  • Eastern Catalan91
  • Old Catalan 5, 64, 73, 79, 82, 87, 92, 95, 116, 182, 192
  • Western Catalan91

• Catalan Sign Language (LSC) 3, 15

• Central Catalansee Catalan

• Christian Latinsee Latin

• CICA corpus 64, 89, 127

• CIGCA corpus 64, 89

• circumstancial inferencesee inference

• Classical Latinsee Latin

• Classical Spanishsee Spanish

• clitic climbing 191, 199

• cliticization 26, 193
  • mesocliticization203

• COC corpus91

• COD corpus91

• coercion206

• cohesion 6, 222, 226–227

• collocation 132, 183, 185

• commutation 219, 225–226

• complement fronting197

• complementizer 195, 204

• completesee aspect

• completivesee aspect

• complex predicate 15, 190

• Comrie, Bernard32

• conceptualization65

• conceptualizer 65, 71–76

• conditional sentence57
  • apodosis57
  • protasis57

• conclusivesee aspect

• construction 2, 3

• construction grammar 2, 3, 133, 174
  • diachronic construction grammar171

• constructionalization3

• contactsee language contact

• context15

• continuativesee aspect

• contrastive focussee focus

• copula154

• copulative verbal periphrases216

• COR corpus91

• CORDE corpus 127, 133, 140–144, 158, 171–182

• Corpus del Español 107, 127

• custom 92, 96, 99, 103–104

• counterfactualsee modality

• counterexpectativity 174, 185

• CREA corpus 133, 171, 174, 184

• decategorization 6, 219–222, 226

• deductive inferencesee inference

• defective verb89

• degrammaticalizationsee grammaticalization

• deonticsee modality

• deontic necessitysee modality

• desemanticization 6, 185

• development 93, 96

• diachronic construction grammarsee Construction Grammar

• directionality189

• discourse markers2

• discourse traditions 132, 137–139, 171, 179

• double-compound form 4, 41

• dynamicsee modality

• Early Romancesee Romance languages

• Eastern Catalansee Catalan

• embedded clause48

• English205

• epistemicsee modality

• epistemic possibilitysee modality

• epistemic necessitysee modality

• event 50, 150, 155, 167, 200

• evidencialitysee modality

• evidential marker 64–67, 79, 82

• evidential periphrasis80

• experientialsee modality

• Fabra, Pompeu123

• figure-ground shift53

• Flemish Sign Language (VGT)27

• focus199
  • contrastive focus200
  • informational focus199
  • focus marker174

• focus markersee focus

• formal register91

• frame117

• French 3, 42, 44, 55, 63, 91, 115
  • Canadian French151
  • Old French 104, 116, 196, 199

• frequentativesee aspect

• frequency 90, 106–107, 158

• Friulan / Friuliansee Rhaeto-Romance

• Frog Story16

• forme surcomposéesee double-compound form

• futuresee tense

• future periphrasis121

• future tense markersee tense

• future tense periphrasis115

• future subjunctivesee mode

• Galician91

• generic inferencesee inference

• German 131–132, 205

• German Sign Language (DGS)27

• gerund205

• gesture37

• grammaticalization 2–6, 36, 65–71, 78, 90, 131, 133, 137, 139–140, 145, 154, 171, 174–175, 179, 182–186, 189, 197, 204, 211, 218
  • degrammaticalization 5, 189, 197, 204

• Greek 133, 138, 139

• Greek Sign Language (GSL)22

• H-possessive structure145

• habit 96–99, 104

• habitualsee aspect

• Heine, Bernd 117, 119, 213, 222

• historical presentsee tense

• historical syntax131

• historiographical texts5

• homophonous form125

• Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL) 25, 33

• idiomatic expression3

• imperativesee mode

• imperfect (indicative)see tense

• imperfectivesee aspect

• impersonal verb 219–221, 225–226

• inceptivesee aspect

• inchoativesee aspect

• indicative, see mode

• Indo-European 133, 175

• Indo-Pakistani Sign Language (IPSL)27

• inductive inferencesee inference

• inference 4, 56, 88, 100, 105, 185
  • circumstantial inference 66–67, 72
  • deductive inference 79–80
  • generic inference 66, 75–82
  • inductive inference79
  • invited inference 89, 96, 104, 109, 132, 171, 175
  • narrative inference121
  • pragmatic inference74
  • pure conjecture66
  • specific inference 66, 72–82

• information structure190

• informational focussee focus

• ingressivesee aspect

• interruptivesee aspect

• intersective gradience168

• intersubjectivity66

• interrogative test 222, 225–227

• intransitivity 47, 150
  • unaccusativity47
  • unergativity47

• invited inferencesee inference

• Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change 89, 100

• Israeli Sign Language31

• Italian 47, 63, 91, 104, 200
  • Medieval Italian104
  • Neapolitan (Old)47
  • Venetian48

• Italian Sign Language (LIS)27

• iterativesee aspect

• Labov, William16

• Lakoff, George116

• language acquisition204

• language contact37

• Latin 3, 92, 102, 105, 131, 133, 136–137, 145, 156
  • Archaic Latin134
  • Biblical Latin (Bible) 138–139
  • Christian Latin 138–139
  • Classical Latin 140, 144
  • Late Latin 137, 139–140, 142
  • Post-classical Latin 140, 144
  • Republican Latin138

• Late Latinsee Latin

• left periphery203

• Lehmann, Christian191

• lexical verbsee verb

• lexicalization 3, 36, 185

• lexicon183

• light verbsee verb

• main clause48

• manner adverbials 152, 159, 166

• Medieval Catalansee Catalan

• Medieval Italiansee Italian

• Medieval Spanishsee Spanish

• mediopassivesee voice

• Meillet, Antoine 63, 67, 212

• mesocliticizationsee cliticization

• metaphoric change 116–117

• metonymic change 73, 116–117

• metonymy 50, 151, 156, 168

• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm115

• Mexican Sign Language (LSM) 17, 37

• mirativitysee modality

• modal auxiliary 64, 65, 73

• modal verb 4, 64–65, 79, 80, 131

• modality 49, 162, 166
  • ability 133–139, 141, 145
  • alethic1
  • counterfactual 55, 57, 152
  • deontic 1, 5, 63, 67–68, 70, 73, 76, 131–145
  • deontic necessity 67, 69–70, 78
  • dynamic1
  • epistemic 2, 4, 56, 64–67, 79–82, 139, 141, 204
  • epistemic possibility 66, 82, 67
  • epistemic necessity 66, 71
  • evidentiality 2, 4, 55, 64–67, 79, 82
  • experiential49
  • irrealis 162, 167
  • mirativity1
  • necessity140
  • obligation 2–3, 131, 133–134, 140–141
  • possibility140
  • probability 131, 139, 141
  • root modality204
  • unexpected 171, 174–176, 180–181

• mode182
  • imperative47
  • indicative109
  • subjunctive 83, 92, 215
  • future subjunctive143

• motion verbsee verb

• Neapolitan (Old)see Italian

• narrative inference, see inference

• narrative marker116

• narrative past 174, 177–180, 185

• narrative periphrasis121

• NCA corpus127

• negation 35, 162, 198, 200

• necessitysee modality

• number182

• Nyabo 131–132

• obligationsee modality

• Occitan 45, 63, 91, 104, 119

• odd ratio 159, 165

• Old Catalansee Catalan

• Old Frenchsee French

• Old Portuguesesee Portuguese

• Old Romance Languagessee Romance Languages

• Old Spanishsee Spanish

• participle89

• passé antérieursee anterior past

• passivesee voice

• past marker 5, 172, 174

• Pear Story16

• perfectsee tense

• perfectivesee aspect

• periphrastic tense form 42, 149

• persistence 162, 167

• person182

• PHI Classical Latin Text corpus133

• phonetic / phonological reduction 6, 124

• PLD corpus133

• pluperfect 34, 54

• Portuguese 3, 91, 190, 203
  • Old Portuguese 5, 105, 192

• possession135

• possessive verbssee verb

• possessor135

• possibilitysee modality

• Post-classical Latinsee Latin

• pragmatic inferencesee inference

• pragmaticalization36

• prefab 144–145, 185

• present (indicative)see tense

• probabilitysee modality

• progressivesee aspect

• prospective periphrasis123

• prospectivesee aspect

• protasissee conditional sentence

• prototypical effects4

• prototypical meaning 88, 108

• prototypical value 65, 67

• prototypicality 88, 168

• proverb100

• pure conjecturesee inference

• quotative marker 5, 171–175, 184–185

• raising205

• reanalysis 136, 182

• reduplication20

• reflexivity 157, 159, 166

• relevance55

• reported speech 172, 184–186

• Republican Latinsee Latin

• restructuring verb190

• resultativesee aspect

• Rhaeto-Romance42
  • Friulian 3, 42

• root modalitysee modality

• Romance Languages 2, 4, 5
  • Early Romance Languages67
  • Old Romance Languages139
  • Western Romance Languages115

• Romanian 3, 6, 212

• Russian Sign Language27

• secondary topicsee topic

• semantic change 64, 66, 69, 71–73, 78–79, 82, 101

• semantic codification 76, 96

• semantic nucleus63

• semanticization 100, 105–106

• semi-auxiliary verbsee verb

• sign languages 4, 13

• Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) 22, 27, 37

• similarity117

• simple pastsee tense

• Spanish 3, 5–6, 63, 94, 102, 115, 131–133, 149, 158, 171, 212
  • Classical Spanish 131, 140
  • Old Spanish 5, 116, 131–132, 139–141, 143–145, 149, 153, 172

• Spanish Sign Language (LSE)17

• speaker commitment 64–65, 67, 79–83

• Sprachbund41

• state 90, 93, 96, 104, 108

• stylistic fronting197

• subject 160, 166, 203, 205

• subjectification / subjectivation 69, 73, 76, 80, 83, 100, 104–105

• subjective hedge 79–80, 82

• subjunctivesee mode

• super-compositional constructionssee double-compound form

• synthetic form126

• synthetic preteritsee tense

• Swedish Sign Language (SSL) 23, 31

• telic verbsee verb

• telicity 151, 160, 167, 196, 206

• temporal clause45
  • temporal posteriority133

• tense 162, 182
  • future 3, 90, 131, 133, 171, 175
  • historical present 121, 179
  • imperfect 4, 89, 90, 92, 96, 102, 109, 143
  • perfect 30, 45, 89, 150
  • perfective past119
  • present 89, 91–93, 96, 143, 172
  • preterit121
  • simple past 5, 89, 143, 171–176, 178–180, 185
  • synthetic preterit121

• terminativesee aspect

• Tertullian137

• textual genre 177, 185

• textual typology 5, 132

• THLL corpus133

• Tobler-Mussafia law199

• topic197
  • secondary topic203

• topicalization197

• transitivity 47, 157

• Traugott, Elizabeth 89, 78

• Turkish Sign Language (TİD) 14, 27

• unaccusativitysee intransitivity

• unergativitysee intransitivity

• unidirectionality 189, 206

• usage-based approach 132, 171, 174

• Vendler, Zeno48

• Venetiansee Italian

• verb
  • action verb177
  • allative verb 175–176, 178, 182
  • auxiliary verbs 131, 142, 176, 181–185, 212, 217
  • lexical verb 131, 134, 142, 176–177, 183–185, 218
  • light verb142
  • motion verb 133, 177
  • possessive verbs 131, 135, 145
  • semi-auxiliary verbs131
  • telic verb 173, 175–178, 185
  • verbum dicendi 48, 50, 122, 135, 137, 145, 173, 183–185

• verbal periphrasis 1–6, 14, 131–133, 136–145, 171–172, 175, 181–185
  • acabar + gerund 215, 223
  • acabar de + infinitive 216, 223
  • acostumar + infinitive23
  • acostumar de + infinitive97
  • ajunge să subjunctive215
  • aller + infinitive 3, 124
  • anar + gerund88
  • anar + infinitive 5, 115, 119
  • anar a + infinitive123
  • anar + gerund88
  • avea de + participle216
  • aver (haber) a/de + participle 5, 141
  • aver a/de + infinitive 132, 139–141, 143–145
  • avoir à + infinitive3
  • començar (a) + infinitive19
  • comenzar por + infinitive217
  • continuar (a)/de/en + infinitive88
  • continuar + verb21
  • dēbeō + infinitive63
  • deure + infinitive 4, 63, 65
  • empezar (a) + infinitive19
  • estar + gerund88
  • going to +infinitive115
  • habeo + infinitive 131–134, 136–139, 141
  • habeo + participle 134, 141
  • haber de/a + infinitive 5, 131–132
  • haber que + infinitive3
  • haver de + infinitive 3, 65, 217, 223
  • ir + infinitive 3, 17
  • ir a + infinitive 3, 17
  • ir y + finite verbal group 5, 171–173, 175–176, 178–185
  • jaquir(se) de + infinitive 88, 89
  • llevar + participle215
  • meterse a + infinitive3
  • metersi a + infinitive3
  • necesse habeo + infinitive136
  • pensar + infinitive215
  • poder + infinitive65
  • ponerse a + infinitive3
  • portar + participle215
  • possum + infinitive139
  • preparar + verb17
  • se mettre à + infinitive3
  • seguir + verb20
  • ser + participle5
  • soler + verb87
  • tener que + infinitive 3, 217
  • tenir + participle221
  • terminar de + infinitive217
  • trebui să subjunctive 215, 217
  • voler + ploure221
  • ἔχω + infinitive 133, 138

• verbum dicendisee verb

• voice 154, 182
  • active 157, 167
  • mediopassive156
  • passive 47, 154, 219–220, 225–226

• Western Catalansee Catalan

• Western Romance Languagessee Romance Languages