As English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) continues to expand across the globe, there is a glaring absence of
research on assessment. This article reviews the scarce literature to date and maps out a research agenda for the future. Drawing
on Shohamy’s (2001, 2007) Critical Language Testing and McNamara et al.’s (2019) notions of “fair” and “just” language assessment, our reading of the literature
to date is that it has revealed considerable complexities around implementing assessment in EMI contexts, with key questions
centring not only on what and who to assess but also on how and why assessment should take place. In outlining a research agenda
for the future, we suggest that one way of bypassing such challenges may be to carve out a greater role for assessment for
learning in higher education. This could capitalize on – and raise stakeholders’ awareness of – bodies of
knowledge that are well established within applied linguistics about the integral role of language in learning.
Whilst we acknowledge challenges in securing institutional buy-in for putting this agenda into practice, we suggest that doing so
could turn assessment challenges into opportunities and significantly enhance learning not only in EMI contexts but beyond.
Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language
testing in practice. Oxford University Press.
Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (2010). Language
assessment in practice. Oxford University Press.
Baird, J.-A., Andrich, D., Hopfenbeck, T. N., & Stobart, G. (2017). Assessment
and learning: fields apart?Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy &
Practice,
24
(3), 317–350.
Ball, P., & Lindsay, D. (2013). Language
demands and support for English-medium instruction in tertiary education. Learning from a specific
context. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), English-medium
instruction at
universities (pp. 44–62). Multilingual Matters.
Block, D., & Mancho-Barés, G. (2020). NOT
English teachers, except when they are: The curious case of oral presentation evaluation rubrics in an EMI-in-HE
context. In D. Block, & S. Khan (Eds.), The
secret life of English-medium instruction in higher education: Examining microphenomena in
context (pp. 96–119). Routledge.
Blommaert, J., & Backus, A. (2013). Superdiverse
repertoires and the individual. In I. Saint-Georges & J.-J. Weber (Eds.), Multilingualism
and multimodality: The future of education research. Sense Publishers.
Bowles, H., & Murphy, A. C. (Eds.). (2020). English-medium
instruction and the internationalization of universities. Palgrave Macmillan.
Breeze, R. (2012). Rethinking
academic writing pedagogy for the European university. Brill.
Curle, S., Yuksel, D., Soruç, A., & Altay, M. (2020). Predictors
of English medium instruction academic success: English proficiency versus first language
medium. System,
95
1.
Dafouz, E., & Smit, U. (2020). ROAD-MAPPING
English medium education in the internationalised university. Palgrave Macmillan.
deBoer, M., & Leontjev, D. (Eds.) (2020). Assessment
and learning in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Classrooms approaches and
conceptualisations. Springer.
Deygers, B., & Malone, M. E. (2019). Language
assessment literacy in university admission policies, or the dialogue that isn’t. Language
Testing,
36
(3), 347–368.
Dimova, S. (2017). Life
after oral English certification: The consequences of the test of oral English proficiency for academic staff for EMI
lecturers. English for Specific
Purposes,
46
1, 45–58.
Dimova, S. (2020a). Language
assessment of EMI content teachers: What norms. In M. Kuteeva, K. Kaufhold, & N. Hynninen (Eds.), Language
perceptions and practices in multilingual
universities (pp. 351–378). Palgrave Macmillan.
Dimova, S. (2020b). English
language requirements for enrolment in EMI programs in higher education: A European
case. Journal of English for Academic
Purposes,
47
(1–13),
Dimova, S. (2020c). The
role of feedback in the design of a testing model for social justice. Journal of Contemporary
Philology,
3
(1), 21–34.
Dimova, S., & Kling, J. (2018). Assessing
EMI lecturer language proficiency across disciplines. TESOL
Quarterly,
52
(3), 534–656.
Elder, C., & Davies, A. (2006). Assessing
English as a Lingua Franca. Annual Review of Applied
Linguistics,
26
1, 282–304.
Fulcher, G. & Davidson, F. (2012). Introduction. In G. Fulcher & F. Davidson (Eds.), The
Routledge handbook of language
testing (pp. 1–18). Routledge.
Gaebel, Michael, & Zhang, T. (2018). Trends
2018. Learning and teaching in the European higher education area. European University Association.
Galloway, N. (2020). English
in higher education – English medium Part 1: Literature review. British Council.
García, O., Flores, N., Seltzer, K., Li, W., Otheguy, R., & Rosa, J. (2021). Rejecting
abyssal thinking in the language and education of racialized bilinguals: A manifesto. Critical
Inquiry in Language Studies.
Harding, L., & McNamara, T. (2017). Language
assessment. In J. Jenkins, W. Baker, & M. Dewey (Eds.), The
Routledge handbook of English as a lingua franca. Routledge.
Humphreys, P. (2017). EMI
in Anglophone nations: Contradiction in terms or cause for
consideration? In B. Fenton-Smith, P. Humphreys, & I. Walkinshaw (Eds.), English
medium instruction in higher education in
Asia-Pacific (pp.93–114). Springer.
Jacobs, C. (2006). Integrated
assessment practices: When language and content lecturers
collaborate. In R. Wilkinson, V. Zegers, & C. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Bridging
the assessment gap in English-medium higher
education (pp. 141–158). AKS-Verlag.
Jenkins, J. (2006). The
spread of EIL: A testing time for testers. ELT
Journal,
60
(1), 42–50.
Jenkins, J., & Leung, C. (2019). From
mythical ‘standard’ to standard reality: The need for alternatives to standardized English language
tests. Language
Teaching,
52
(1), 86–110.
Kimura, D., & Canagarajah, S. (2020). Embodied
semiotic resources in research group meetings: How language competence is framed. Journal of
Sociolinguistics,
24
(5), 634–655.
Klaassen, R. G., & Räsänen, A. (2006). Assessment
and staff development in higher education for English-medium instruction: A question-raising
article. In R. Wilkinson, V. Zegers, & C. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Bridging
the assessment gap in English-medium higher
education (pp. 235–255). AKS-Verlag.
Komori-Glatz, M., & Smit, U. (2021). Exploratory
interactive explaining (EXINTEX): Constructing disciplinary knowledge in two multilingual university
settings. Applied Linguistics.
Kuteeva, M. (2020). Revisiting
the ‘E’ in EMI: Students’ perceptions of standard English, lingua franca, and translingual
practices. International Journal of Bilingualism and Bilingual
Education,
23
(3), 287–300.
Kuteeva, K. Kaufhold & N. Hynninen (Eds). (2020). Language
perceptions and practices in multilingual universities. Palgrave Macmillan.
Lasagabaster, D., & Doiz, A. (Eds.). (2021). Language
use in English-medium instruction at university: International perspectives on teacher
practice. Routledge.
Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J. & Dearden, J. (2018). A
systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language
Teaching,
51
(1), 36–76.
Macaro, E., Jimènez Muñoz, A., & Lasagabaster, D. (2019). The
importance of certification of English medium instruction teachers in higher education in
Spain. Porta
Linguarum,
32
1(June), 103–118.
McNamara, T. (2014). 30
years on – Evolution or revolution?Language Assessment
Quarterly,
11
1, 226–232.
McNamara, T., Knoch, U., & Fan, J. (2019). Fairness,
justice, and language assessment: The role of measurement. Oxford University Press.
Moncada-Comas, B. (2020). “Being
a student” and “doing education.” In D. Block & S. Khan (Eds.), The
secret life of English-medium instruction in higher education: Examining microphenomena in
context (pp. 43–69). Routledge.
Murray, N. (2015). Standards
of English in higher education. Cambridge University Press.
O’Dowd, R. (2018). The
training and accreditation of teachers for English medium instruction: An overview of practice in European
universities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism,
21
(5), 553–563.
Owen, N., Shrestha, P. N., & Hultgren, A. K. (2021). Researching
academic reading in two contrasting English as a medium of instruction contexts at a university
level. ETS Research Report Series Research Report.
Paulsrud, BA., Tian, Z., & Toth, J. (2021). English-medium
instruction and translanguaging. Multilingual Matters.
Pecorari, D., & Malmström, H. (2018). At
the crossroads of TESOL and English medium instruction. TESOL
Quarterly,
52
(3), 496–515.
Read, J. (2015). Assessing
English proficiency for university study. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rose, H., Curle, S., Aizawa, I., & Thompson, G. (2019). What
drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and
motivation. Studies in Higher
Education, 1–13.
Shohamy, E. (2001). The
power of tests: A critical perspective on the uses of language
tests. Pearson.
Shohamy, E. (2017). ELF
and critical language testing. In J. Jenkins, W. Baker, & M. Dewey (Eds.), The
Routledge handbook of English as a lingua franca. Routledge.
Shrestha, P. (2020). Dynamic
assessment of students’ academic writing: Vygotskian and systemic functional linguistic
perspectives. Springer.
Shrestha, P. & Parry, J. (2019). The
effect of embedded academic literacy activities on student writing in a distance learning
module. In BALEAP Conference: Innovation, exploration and
transformation, 12–14April 2019, University of Leeds, BALEAP.
Smit, U. (2017). Beyond
monolingualism in higher education. In J. Jenkins, W. Baker, & M. Dewey (Eds.), The
Routledge handbook of English as a lingua franca. Routledge.
Stuers, S. (2019). Access
to and experience of English-medium instruction in higher education in Germany: A study into English language entry
requirements and their relevance (Unpublished EdD
dissertation). The Open University.
Taylor, L. (2006). The
changing landscape of English: implications for language assessment. ELT
Journal,
60
(1), 51–60.
Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (2014). English-taught
programmes in European higher education ACA papers on international cooperation in Education: The state of play in
2014. ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education.
Wilkinson, R., & Zegers, V. (2006). Assessing
incipient linguistic competences: An institutional
perspective. In R. Wilkinson, V. Zegers, & C. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Bridging
the assessment gap in English-medium higher
education (pp. 61–76). AKS-Verlag.
Cited by (12)
Cited by 12 other publications
Abdel Latif, Muhammad M. M. & Abdul Aziz Mohamed Mohamed Ali El Deen
2024. Whose responsibility? Saudi university EMI content teachers’ language-related assessment practices and beliefs. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11:1
Cogo, Alessia & Ute Smit
2024. Introduction. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 13:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
2024. Previewing test items prior to learning and receiving decorative pictures during testing: Impact on listening comprehension for English as a Foreign Language students. Applied Cognitive Psychology 38:2
Abu-Ayyash, Emad A. S., Mohammad A. Assaf & Mohammad I. Zabadi
2023. Issues in Formative Assessment and Feedback in EMI Classrooms. In Supporting and Learning from Academics, ► pp. 69 ff.
Lewis, Marilyn Nesta & Marie Alina Yeo
2023. Book Review: TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ENGLISH MEDIUM INSTRUCTION: An Introduction by JACK C. RICHARDS, JACK PUN. RELC Journal
Ou, Amy Wanyu & Hans Malmström
2023. ‘It becomes increasingly complex to deal with multiple channels’: materialised communicative competence and digital inequality in English-medium higher education in the digital era. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.