Diachrony of code switching stages in medieval business accounts
The Mercers’ livery company of London
This article presents the results of a diachronic survey on the multilingual account books authored by the wardens
of the Mercers’ premier livery company of the City of London from 1390 to 1464. The study deployed here applies an extended
version of Wright’s three-stage model of code switched business writing that introduces a previous phase of Romance monolingualism
and a later phase of English monolingualism. It is found that the change from Latin and French to English as the new language of
business record in the London Mercers’ archives was orderly and gradual rather than straightforward, and characterised by a less
predictable intervening code switching period. The analysis is of considerable value for expanding our knowledge of medieval
written multilingualism, as well as for the development of English as an administrative language.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction: Toward a linguistic study of code switching in 14th- and 15th-century business manuscripts from London
- 2.Historical background: The evolution of the Mercers of London within medieval multilingual communities
- 3.Linguistic framework: Romance-English code switching in the domain of business
- 4.Sources: The Wardens’ Accounts of the Mercers’ livery company of London
- 5.Data: Code switching stages in late medieval business accounts by the Mercers of London
- 5.1Early stage of mixed business writing in the Mercers’ Wardens’ Accounts
- 5.2Later stage of mixed business writing in the Mercers’ Wardens’ Accounts
- 5.3Moribund stage of mixed business writing in the Mercers’ Wardens’ Accounts
- 6.Results: From early intraword switching to late intersentential switching
- 7.Conclusion: Code switched business writing in between written monolingualisms
- Notes
-
References
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