Cover not available
Article published In:
Journal of Historical Linguistics
Vol. 11:3 (2021) ► pp.367–420

Lexical diachronic semantic maps

Mapping the evolution of time-related lexemes

| National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| F.R.S.-FNRS | Université de Liège
This paper extends the scope of application of the semantic map model to diachronic lexical semantics. Combining a quantitative approach to large-scale synchronic polysemy data with a qualitative evaluation of the diachronic material in two text languages, ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek, it shows that weighted diachronic semantic maps can capture informative generalizations about the organization of the lexicon and its reshaping over time. The general methodology developed in the paper is illustrated with a case study of the semantic extension of time-related lexemes. This case study shows that the blend of tools well established in linguistic typology with proven methods of historical linguistics enables a principled approach to long-standing questions in the fields of diachronic semasiology and onomasiology.
Keywords: semantic maps, lexical typology, diachronic lexical semantics, co-expression, ancient Egyptian, ancient Greek
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Theoretical premises of the semantic map model
  • 3.Towards a synchronic semantic map of the time domain
  • 4.Dynamicizing the synchronic map of time
    • 4.1Catalogue of semantic shifts
    • 4.2Time-related lexemes in ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek
    • 4.3The semantic extension of time-related lexemes in ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek
      • 4.3.1Semantic extensions to and from time
      • 4.3.2Semantic extensions of celestial objects
      • 4.3.3Diachronic extensions to new meanings
        • (a)From summer to harvest
        • (b)From springtime to youth
        • (c)From time to space
  • 5.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Glossing abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 8 September 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.19018.geo
References (164)
References
Allan, Kathryn. 2008. Metaphor and Metonymy: A Diachronic Approach. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Anderson, Lloyd B. 1982. The “Perfect” as a Universal and as a Language-Particular Category. Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics & Pragmatics, Typological Studies in Language ed. by Paul J. Hopper, 227–264. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Andrason, Alexander. 2016. From Vectors to Waves and Streams: An Alternative Approach to Semantic Maps. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 451.1–29. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Angluin, Dana, James Aspnes & Lev Reyzin. 2010. Inferring Social Networks from Outbreaks. Algorithmic Learning Theory 2010 ed. by Marcus Hutter, Frank Stephan, Vladimir Vovk & Thomas Zeugmann, 104–118. Berlin: Springer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Anthes, Rudolf. 1963. „..in seinem Namen und im Sonnenlicht..“. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 901:1–10. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
van der Auwera, Johan. 2013. Semantic Maps, for Synchronic and Diachronic Typology. Synchrony and Diachrony: A Dynamic Interface ed. by Anna Giacalone Ramat, Caterina Mauri & Piera Molinelli, 153–176. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
van der Auwera, Johan & Vladimir A. Plungian. 1998. Modality’s Semantic Map. Linguistic Typology 2:1.79–124. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bickel, Susanne & Rita Gautschy. 2014. Eine ramessidische Sonnenuhr im Tal der Könige. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 141:1.3–14. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Blank, Andreas. 1997. Prinzipien des lexikalischen Bedeutungswandels am Beispiel der romanischen Sprachen. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1999. Why do New Meanings Occur? A Cognitive Typology of the Motivations for Lexical Semantic Change. Historical Semantics and Cognition ed. by Andreas Blank & Peter Koch, 60–89. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Henry Holt and Co.Google Scholar
Bréal, Michel. 1964 [1897]. Essai de sémantique: science des significations. Paris: Hachette.Google Scholar
Beekes, Robert S. P. 2010. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Boorn, Guido P. F. van den. 1988. The Duties of the Vizier: Civil Administration in the Early New Kingdom. London & New York: Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar
Bremer, Jan N. 2013. The Birth of the Personified Seasons (-Horai) in Archaic and Classical Greece. Das Bild der Jahreszeiten im Wandel der Kulturen und Zeiten ed. by Thierry Greub, 161–178. München: Wilhelm Fink. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Blondel, Vincent D., Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte & Étienne Lefebvre. 2008. Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (10), P1000. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brown, Cecil H. & Stanley R. Witkowski. 1983. Polysemy, Lexical Change and Cultural Importance. Man 18:1.72–89. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brugman, Claudia & George Lakoff. 1988. Cognitive Topology and Lexical Networks. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution, ed. by Steven L. Small et al., 477–508. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufman. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Buck, Carl Darling. 1949. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Caminos, Ricardo A. 1954. Late-Egyptian Miscellanies. London & Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carling, Gerd, ed. 2019. Mouton Atlas of Languages and Cultures. Vol 1. Europe and West, Central, and South Asia. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Casasanto, Daniel. 2008. Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Whorf? Cross-Linguistic Differences in Temporal Language and Thought. Language Learning 58:1.63–79. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
CD = Crum, Walter E. 1938. A Coptic Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
CED = Černý, Jaroslav. 1976. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chantrain, Gaëlle. 2020. Éléments de la terminologie du temps en égyptien ancien : une étude de sémantique lexicale en diachronie. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chantrain, Gaëlle & Jean Winand (eds.). 2018. Time and Space at Issue in Ancient Egypt. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag.Google Scholar
Chantraine, Pierre. 1968. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Tome 11. Paris: Klinksiek.Google Scholar
Cristofaro, Sonia. 2010. Semantic maps and mental representation. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.35–52. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Croft, William. 1991. Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
. 1993. The Role of Domains in the Interpretation of Metaphors and Metonymies. Cognitive Linguistics 4:4.335–370. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010. What do Semantic Maps Tell Us? Comment on “Semantic Maps and Mental Representation” by Sonia Cristofaro. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.53–60. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cysouw, Michael. 2007. Building Semantic Maps: The Case of Person Marking. New Challenges in Typology ed. by Bernhard Wälchli & Matti Miestamo, 225–248. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Cysouw, Michael, Martin Haspelmath & Andrej Malchukov. 2010. Introduction. (Special Issue. Semantic Maps: Methods and Applications.) Linguistic Discovery 8:1.1–3. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dellert, Johannes. 2016. Using Causal Inference to Detect Directional Tendencies in Semantic Evolution. The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (EVOLANG11) ed. by Seán Roberts, Christine Cuskley, Luke McCrohon, Lluís Barceló-Coblijn, Olga Feher & Tessa Verhoef. Available at [URL]
Dellert, Johannes & Gerhard Jäger. 2017. NorthEuraLex (Version 0.9). Tübingen: Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen.Google Scholar
Eckhoff, Hanne M. 2011. Old Russian Possessive Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
EG = Erichsen, Wolja Chr. 1954. Demotisches Glossar. Kopenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Erichsen, Wolja Chr. 1933. Papyrus Harris I: Hieroglyphische Transkription. Bruxelles: Éditions de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.Google Scholar
Evans, Nicholas. 1992. Multiple Semiotic Systems, Hyperpolysemy, and the Reconstruction of Semantic Change in Australian Languages. Diachrony within Synchrony: Language, History, and Cognition ed. by Günter Kellermann & Michael D. Morrissey, 475–508. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Evans, Vyvyan. 2004. The Structure of Time: Language, Meaning and Temporal Cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2005. The Meaning of Time: Polysemy, the Lexicon and Conceptual Structure. Journal of Linguistics 41:1.33–75. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2013. Language and Time. A Cognitive Linguistics Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Evans, Nicholas & David Wilkins. 2000. In the Mind’s Ear: The Semantic Extension of Perception Verbs in Australian Languages. Language 761.546–592. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Feder, Frank. 2003. Tempus und h.w: Begriffe für Zeit und mißliche Umstände in Latein und Ägyptisch. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 1301.213–214. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fischer, Andreas. 1994. “Sumer is icumen in”: The Seasons of the Year in Middle English and Early Modern English. Studies in Early Modern English ed. by Dieter Kastovsky, 79–95. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fischer-Elfert, Hans-Werner. 1997. Lesefunde im literarischen Steinbruch von Deir el-Medineh. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Forkel, Robert, Johann-Mattis List, Simon J. Greenhill & Christoph Rzymski. 2018. clics/clics2: creating colexification networks from lexical data. [URL]
François, Alexandre. 2008. Semantic Maps and the Typology of Colexification: Intertwining Polysemous Networks across Languages. From Polysemy to Semantic Change: Towards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Associations ed. by Martine Vanhove, 163–215. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. (Under review). Lexical Tectonics: Mapping Structural Change in Patterns of Lexification.
Fritz, Gerd. 2019. Theories of Meaning Change: An Overview. Semantics. Typology, Diachrony and Processing ed. by Klaus von Heusinger, Claudia Maienborn & Paul Portner, 113–146. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gardiner, Alan Henderson. 1935. Hieratic papyri in the British Museum. Third series: Chester Beatty gift. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
. 1948. The First Two Pages of the Wörterbuch. Review of Erman, Adolf & Hermann Grapow (eds). 1926–1931. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, 51 vols. Leipzig: Hinrichs. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 341:12–18.Google Scholar
Gast, Volker. 2009. A Contribution to ‘Two-Dimensional’ Language Description: The Typological Database of Intensifiers and Reflexives. The Use of Databases in Cross-Linguistic Studies ed. by Martin Everaert, Simon Musgrave & Alexis Dimitriadis, 209–234. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Gast, Volker & Johan van der Auwera. 2012. What is ‘Contact-Induced Grammaticalization’? Examples from Mayan and Mixe-Zoquean languages. Grammatical Replication and Borrowability in Language Contact ed. by Björn Wiemer, Bernhard Wälchli & Bjö Hansen, 381–426. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Geeraerts, Dirk. 1997. Diachronic Prototype Semantics: A Contribution to Historical Lexicology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
. 2019. Cognitive approaches to diachronic semantics. Typology, Diachrony and Processing ed. by Klaus von Heusinger, Claudia Maienborn & Paul Portner, 147–176. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis. 2014. On the Encoding of Allative and Recipient in the Greek Diachrony. On Ancient Grammars of Space: Linguistic Research on the Expression of Spatial Relations and Motion in Ancient Languages ed. by Silvia Kutscher & Daniel A. Werning, 45–66. Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Anna Piata. 2012. The Meaning of khrónos in Ancient Greek: A Diachronic Perspective. Selected Papers from UK-CLA (Cognitive Linguistics Association) Meetings 11.342–360. [URL]
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Stéphane Polis. 2018. The Semantic Map Model. State of the Art and Future Avenues for Linguistic Research. Language and Linguistic Compass 12:2.1–33. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis, A. Daniel Werning, Jörg Hartlieb, Lidewij E. van de Peut, Annette Sundermeyer & Gaëlle Chantrain. 2016. The Meaning of Ancient Words for “earth”: An Exercise in Visualising Colexification on a Semantic Map. eTopoi: Journal for Ancient Studies 61.1–36.Google Scholar
Grossman, Eitan & Tonio Sebastian Richter. 2015. The Egyptian-Coptic Language: Its Setting in Space, Time and Culture. Egyptian-Coptic Linguistics in Typological Perspective ed. by Eitan Grossman, Martin Haspelmath & Tonio Sebastian Richter, 69–101. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grzega, Joachim. 2004. A Qualitative and Quantitative Presentation of the Forces for Lexemic Change in the History of English. Onomasiology Online 51.1–55.Google Scholar
Guardamagna, Caterina. 2016. A Diachronic Semantic Map for the Latin Preposition secundum . Journal of Latin Linguistics 15:2.233–277. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Győri, Gábor. 2002. Semantic Change and Cognition. Cognitive Linguistics 13:2.123–166. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hannah, Robert. 2005. Greek and Roman Calendars. Constructions of Time in the Classical World. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
. 2009. Time in Antiquity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hannig, Rainer. 2000. Großes Handwörterbuch Deutsch-Ägyptisch (2800–950 v. Chr.): die Sprache der Pharaonen. Mainz-am-Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Hartmann, Iren, Martin Haspelmath & Michael Cysouw. 2014. Identifying Semantic Role Clusters and Alignment Types via Microrole Coexpression Tendencies. Studies in Language 38:3.463–484. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. From Space to Time: Temporal Adverbials in the World’s Languages. München: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
. 2003. The Geometry of Grammatical Meaning: Semantic Maps and Cross-Linguistic Comparison. The New Psychology of Language, vol. 21, ed. by Michael Tomasello, 211–243. New York: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
. 2010. Comparative Concepts and Descriptive Categories in Crosslinguistic Studies. Language 86:3.663–687. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2018. How Comparative Concepts and Descriptive Linguistic Categories are Different. Aspects of Linguistic Variation ed. by Daniël Van Olmen, Tanja Mortelmans & Frank Brisard, 83–113. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin & Uri Tadmor (eds.). 2009. Loanwords in the World’s Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Heath, Malcolm. 1989. Unity in Greek Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 1993. Auxiliaries: Cognitive Forces and Grammaticalization. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, Ulrike Claudi & Friederike Hünnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2003. On Contact-Induced Grammaticalization. Studies in Language 27:3.529–572. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2005. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hornung, Erik. 1961. Lexikalische Studien I. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 861:106–114. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hollmann, Willem B. 2009. Semantic Change. English Language: Description, Variation and Context ed. by Jonathan Culpeper, Francis Katamba, Paul Kerswill & Tony McEnery, 301–313. Basingstoke: Palgrave. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hopper, Paul J. & Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jurafsky, Daniel. 1996. Universal Tendencies in the Semantics of the Diminutive. Language 72:3.533–578. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kemmer, Susan. 1993. The Middle Voice. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Key, Mary Ritchie & Bernard Comrie. 2007. IDS – The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Available at [URL]
Koch, Roland. 1990. Die Erzählung des Sinuhe. Bruxelles: Éditions de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.Google Scholar
Koch, Peter. 2001. Lexical Typology from a Cognitive and Linguistic Point of View. Language Typology and Language Universals: An International Handbook, vol. 21, ed. by Martin Haspelmath, Ekkehard König, Wulf Oesterreicher & Wolfgang Raible, 1143–1175. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2015. Introducing “The Linguistics of Temperature”. The Linguistics of Temperature ed. by Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, 1–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kövecses, Zoltán. 2010. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kövecses, Zoltán & Radden, Günter. 1998. Metonymy: Developing a Cognitive Linguistic View. Cognitive Linguistics 91.37–77. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
KRI = Kitchen, Kenneth A. 1969–1990. Ramesside Inscriptions: Historical and Biographical, 71 vols. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kurth, Dieter. 2004. Edfou VII. Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu: Abteilung I. Übersetzungen 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Kutozov, Andrey, Lilja Øvrelid, Terrence Szymanski & Erik Velldal. 2018. Diachronic Word Embeddings and Semantic Shifts: A Survey. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1384–1397.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Turner. 1989. More Than Cool Reason. A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: Chicago University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lange, Hans O. & Heinrich Schäfer. 1908. Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reichs, vol. 21. (= Catalogue Général des Antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, nos 20001–20780). Berlin: Reichsdruckerei.Google Scholar
Lewis, Charlton T. & Charles Short. 1962 [1879]. A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Liddell, Henry G. & Robert Scott. 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon [revised and complemented throughout by Henry Stuart Jones]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
List, Johann-Mattis, Simon Greenhill, Cormac Anderson, Thomas Mayer, Tiago Tresoldi & Robert Forkel (eds.). 2018. Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Available at [URL]
LES = Gardiner, Alan Henderson. 1932. Late-Egyptian Stories. Bruxelles: Éditions de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.Google Scholar
Loprieno, Antonio. 1995. Ancient Egyptian: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Loprieno, Antonio, Matthias Müller & Sami Uljas. 2017. Non-Verbal Predication in Ancient Egyptian. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Luján, Eugenio R. 2010. Semantic Maps and Word Formation: Agents, Instruments, and Related Semantic Roles. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.162–175. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Luraghi, Silvia. 2014. Plotting Diachronic Semantic Maps: The Role of Metaphor. Perspectives on Semantic Roles ed. by Silvia Luraghi & Heiko Narrog, 99–150. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McFarlane, Ann. 2003. Mastabas at Saqqara: Kaiemheset, Kaipunesut, Kaiemsenu, Sehetepu and others. Oxford: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar
McMahon, April M. S. 1994. Understanding Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Marmaridou, Sophia. 2008. Gnosiaki proseggisi sti simasiologiki analisi tou hronou sta Nea Ellinika [A cognitive approach to the semantic analysis of time in Modern Greek]. Glossis Harin: Tomos Afieromenos apo ton Tomea Glossologias ston Kathigiti Georgios Babinioti [Linguae gratia. A volume dedicated from the Department of Linguistics to Prof. Georgios Babiniotis] ed. by. Amalia Moser, Aikaterini Bakakou, Haralambos Haralabakis & Despoina Heila-Markopoulou, 55–77. Athens: Ellinika Grammata.Google Scholar
Montanari, Franco. 2015. The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek. Available at [URL]
Münch, Alla & Johannes Dellert. 2015. Evaluating the Potential of a Large-Scale Polysemy Network as a Model of Plausible Semantic Shifts. 6th Conference on Quantitative Investigations in Theoretical Linguistics (QITL-6). Tübingen, Germany. Available at DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Narrog, Heiko. 2010. A Diachronic Dimension in Maps of Case Functions. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.233–254. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Narrog, Heiko & Johan van der Auwera. 2011. Grammaticalization and Semantic Maps. The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization ed. by Heiko Narrog & Bernd Heine, 318–327. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. 2006. Finding Community Structure in Networks Using the Eigenvectors of Matrices. Phys. Rev. E 74:036104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Newman, Jon, ed. 2009. The Linguistics of Eating and Drinking. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nikitina, Tatiana. 2019. Diminutives Derived from Terms for Children: Comparative Evidence from Southeastern Mande. Linguistics 57:1.1–28. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nyord, Rune. 2012. Prototype Structures and Conceptual Metaphor: Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics in Ancient Egyptian. Lexical Semantics in Ancient Egyptian ed. by Eitan Grossman, Stéphane Polis & Jean Winand, 141–174. Hamburg: Widmaier.Google Scholar
Ogdon, Jorge R. 1998. Studies in Ancient Egyptian Magical Writing. Göttinger Miszellen 1641.79–83.Google Scholar
Pagel, Mark, Quentin D. Atkinson & Andrew Meade. 2007. Frequency of Word-Use Predicts Rates of Lexical Evolution throughout Indo-European History. Nature 449:7163.717–720. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Passow, Franz. 1841. Handwörterbuch der altgriechischen Sprache. Leipzig: Fr. Chr. Wilh. Vogel.Google Scholar
Perrin, Loïc-Michel. 2010. Polysemous Qualities and Universal Networks, Invariance and Diversity. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.259–280. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Piata, Anna. 2018. The Poetics of Time: Metaphors and Blends in Language and Literature. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pleyte, Willem & Francesco Rossi. 1869–1976. Papyrus de Turin, 21 vols. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Pokorny, Julius. 2007. Proto-Indo-European Etymological Dictionary: A Revised Edition of Julius Pokorny’s Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Published online by the Indo-European Languages Revival Association. ([URL]) (Accessed i January 2019)
Posener, Georges. 1938. Catalogue des ostraca hiératiques littéraires de Deir el Médineh, I (nos 1001 à 1108). Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Rakhilina, Ekaterina & Tatiana Reznikova. 2016. A Frame-Based Methodology for Lexical Typology. The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts ed. by Päivi Juvonen & Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, 95–129. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Regier, Terry, Naveen Khetarpal & Asifa Majid. 2013. Inferring Semantic Maps. Linguistic Typology 17:1.89–105. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Reznikova, Tatiana & Anastasia Vyrenkova. 2015. Semantics of Falling: A Cross-Linguistic Approach. Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 40/LNG/2015. Available at DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rice, Sally & Kaori Kabata. 2007. Crosslinguistic Grammaticalization Patterns of the Allative. Linguistic Typology 11:3.451–514. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roisman, Hannah & C. A. E. Luschnig. 2011. Euripides’ Electra. A Commentary. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Rzymski, Christoph & Tiago Tresoldi, et al. 2019. The Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications, Reproducible Analysis of Cross-linguistic Polysemies. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Salmas, Anne-Claire. 2013a. La mesure du temps de la journée (I) : Modules et fonctionnement des premières horloges à ombre. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 1131.353–379.Google Scholar
. 2013b. La perception du temps de la nuit en Égypte ancienne. Le temps dans l’antiquité : actes du CXXIXe Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques “Le Temps”, Besançon, 2004 ed. by Jean-Paul Morel & Angès Rouveret, 197–228. Paris: Éd. du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques.Google Scholar
. 2014. La mesure du temps de la journée (II) : Modules et fonctionnement des horloges à ombre tardives et des cadrans solaires. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 114:2.419–446.Google Scholar
. 2017. Le vocabulaire égyptien de la journée : une fenêtre vers la perception des rythmes quotidiens. Le temps ed. by Philippe Guisard & Christelle Laizé, 3–59. Paris: Ellipses.Google Scholar
Sandman, Maj. 1938. Texts from the Time of Akhenaten. Bruxelles: Éditions de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.Google Scholar
Simpson, Robert S. 1996. Demotic Grammar in the Ptolemaic Sacerdotal Decrees. Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum.Google Scholar
Smith, Harry S. & William J. Tait. 1983. Saqqâra demotic papyri I (P. Dem. Saq. I). London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Spalinger, Anthony J. 1992. Night into Day. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 1191.144–156. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Swadesh, Morris. 1952. Lexicostatistic Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 961.452–463.Google Scholar
Sweetser, Eve. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics. Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1995. Metaphor, Mythology, and Everyday Language. Journal of Pragmatics 241.585–593. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Traugott, Elisabeth Cl. 2016. Do Semantic Modal Maps Have a Role in a Constructionalization Approach to Modals? Constructions and Frames 8:1.98–125. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tyler, Andrea & Vyvyan Evans. 2001. Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks: The Case of ‘Over’. Language 77:4.724–765. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ullmann, Stephen. 1957. The Principles of Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Urban, Matthias. 2011. Asymmetries in Overt Marking and Directionality in Semantic Change. Journal of Historical Linguistics 1:1.3–47. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. Analyzability and Semantic Associations in Referring Expressions: A Study in Comparative Lexicology. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Urk. IV = Sethe, Kurt & Wolfgang Helck. 1914–1961. Urkunden des ägyptischen Altertums IV. Urkunden der 18. Dynastie. Leipzig & Graz.Google Scholar
Urk. VIII = Firchow, Otto. 1957. Thebanische Tempelinschriften aus griechisch-römischer Zeit. Abteilung VIII, Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Viberg, Åke. 1984. The Verbs of Perception: A Typological Study. Linguistics 21.123–162.Google Scholar
Vandorpe, Katelijn. 2000. The Ptolemaic Epigraphe or Harvest Tax (shemu). Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 46:2.169–232. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vanhove, Martine. 2008. Semantic Associations between Sensory Modalities, Prehension and Mental Perceptions: A Crosslinguistic Perspective. From Polysemy to Semantic Change. Towards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Associations ed. by Martive Vanhove, 341–370. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vejdemo Susanne, Thomas Hörberg. 2016. Semantic Factors Predict the Rate of Lexical Replacement of Content Words. PLoS ONE 11:1, e0147924. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wälchli, Bernhard & Michael Cysouw. 2012. Lexical Typology through Similarity Semantics: Toward a Semantic Map of Motion Verbs. Linguistics 50:3.671–710 [Special issue: New Directions in Lexical Typology ed. by Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm & Martine Vanhove]. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wb. = Erman, Adolf & Hermann Grapow. 1926–1931. Wörterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache, 71 Vol. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Wilkins, David. 1996. Natural Tendencies of Semantic Change and the Search for Cognates. The Comparative Method Reviewed ed. by Mark Durie & Malcolm Ross, 264–304. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Winand, Jean. 2016. The Syntax-Semantics Interface in Earlier Egyptian: A Case Study in Verbs of Cognition. Coping with Obscurity: The Brown Workshop on Earlier Egyptian Grammar ed. by James P. Allen, Mark A. Collier & Andréas Stauder, 109–139. Atlanta, GA: Lockwood Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Youn, Hyejin, Logan Sutton, Eric Smith, Cristopher Moore, Jon F. Wilkins, Ian Maddieson, William Croft & Tanmoy Bhattacharya. 2016. On the Universal Structure of Human Lexical Semantics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:7.1766–1771. (Retrieved from DOI logo)Google Scholar
Yun, Qiao. 2015. Cultural Factors in Semantic Extension: A Typological Perspective on Chinese Polysemy. Language Design 171.121–154.Google Scholar
Žába, Zbynĕk. 1956. Les maximes de Ptaḥḥotep. Prague: Nakladatelství Československé Akademie Vĕd.Google Scholar
Zalizniak, Anna A. 2008. A Catalogue of Semantic Shifts: Towards a Typology of Semantic Derivation. From Polysemy to Semantic Change. Towards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Associations ed. by Martine Vanhove, 217–232. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zalizniak, Anna A., Maria Bulakh, Dmitrij Ganenkov, Ilya Gruntov, Timur Maisak & Maxim Russo. 2012. The Catalogue of Semantic Shifts as a Database for Lexical Semantic Typology. Linguistics 50:3.633–670. [Special issue: New Directions in Lexical Typology ed. by Maria Koptjevskaja- Tamm & Martine Vanhove]. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zalizniak, Anna A. 2018. The Catalogue of Semantic Shifts: 20 Years Later. Russian Journal of Linguistics 22:4.770–787. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zandee, Jan. 1992. Der Amunhymnus des Papyrus Leiden I 344, verso, 31 vols. Leiden: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden.Google Scholar
Zwarts, Joost. 2010. Semantic Map Geometry: Two Approaches. Linguistic Discovery 8:1.377–395. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cited by (16)

Cited by 16 other publications

Badir, Sémir & Stéphane Polis
2024. Les cartes sémantiques en typologie des langues. La médiation iconique entre qualification et quantification dans des représentations visuelles du discours linguistique. Travaux de linguistique n° 87:2 ► pp. 51 ff. DOI logo
Dellert, Johannes
2024. Causal inference of diachronic semantic maps from cross-linguistic synchronic polysemy data. Frontiers in Communication 8 DOI logo
Levshina, Natalia, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm & Robert Östling
2024. Revered and reviled: a sentiment analysis of female and male referents in three languages. Frontiers in Communication 9 DOI logo
Liang, Yuzhu, Ke Xu & Qibin Ran
2024. Shared structure of fundamental human experience revealed by polysemy network of basic vocabularies across languages. Scientific Reports 14:1 DOI logo
Mazziotta, Nicolas, Jacques François & Sylvain Kahane
2024. Des outils graphiques pour étudier le langage et les langues. Les diagrammes en linguistique. Travaux de linguistique n° 87:2 ► pp. 7 ff. DOI logo
Carling, Gerd, Sandra Cronhamn, Olof Lundgren, Victor Bogren Svensson & Johan Frid
2023. The evolution of lexical semantics dynamics, directionality, and drift. Frontiers in Communication 8 DOI logo
Cigana, Lorenzo & Stéphane Polis
2023. Hjelmslev, a forerunner of the semantic maps method in linguistic typology?. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 55:1 ► pp. 93 ff. DOI logo
Xie, Qin, Francesco-Alessio Ursini & Giuseppe Samo
2023. Urbanonyms in Macao. Names 71:1 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo
Croft, William
2022. On two mathematical representations for “semantic maps”. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41:1 ► pp. 67 ff. DOI logo
François, Alexandre
2022. Lexical tectonics: Mapping structural change in patterns of lexification. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41:1 ► pp. 89 ff. DOI logo
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis, Eitan Grossman, Dmitry Nikolaev & Stéphane Polis
2022. Universal and macro-areal patterns in the lexicon. Linguistic Typology 26:2 ► pp. 439 ff. DOI logo
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Stéphane Polis
2022. New avenues and challenges in semantic map research (with a case study in the semantic field of emotions). Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Marongiu, Paola & Francesca Dell’oro
2022. From Static to Interactive Maps: Drawing Diachronic Maps of (Latin) Modality with Pygmalion. Journal of Open Humanities Data 8 DOI logo
Nikitina, Tatiana
2022. Building semantic maps for closely related languages: Words for ‘grain’ and their kin in South Mande. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41:1 ► pp. 207 ff. DOI logo
Rakhilina, Ekaterina, Daria Ryzhova & Yulia Badryzlova
2022. Lexical typology and semantic maps: Perspectives and challenges. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41:1 ► pp. 231 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2024. Space, Time, World [Human Cognitive Processing, 77], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.