This study examines the opaque reproduction of racism in an online, anti-racist campaign officially aiming to
denounce hate speech and challenge widespread stereotypes concerning migrants. In particular, we investigate the video clips of
the #StopMindBorders campaign launched by the Greek branch of the International Organization for Migration. We
specifically concentrate on the liquid racism attested in these video clips, namely a highly ambivalent form of
racism encouraged in the mass media and usually hard to detect, as it involves multiple interpretations, some of which may not be
assessed as racist (Weaver 2016). The multimodal critical analysis of the
representation of migrants reveals that these video clips tacitly promote migrants’ linguocultural assimilation as a prerequisite
for their acceptance in the host country. In this sense, although the anti-racist campaign under scrutiny attempts to refute
discourses of aggression and mainstream stereotypes against migrants, it ends up naturalizing hate speech and reproducing
assimilative and monoculturalist ideologies.
Archakis, Argiris, Sofia Lampropoulou, and Villy Tsakona. 2018. “‘I’m Not Racist but I Expect Linguistic Assimilation’: The Concealing Power of Humor in an Anti-racist Campaign.” Discourse, Context and Media 231: 53–61.
Baker, Paul, Costas Gabrielatos, Majid KhosraviNik, Michał Krzyżanowski, Tony Mc Enery, and Ruth Wodak. 2008. “A Useful Methodological Synergy? Combining Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics to Examine Discourses of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK Press.” Discourse and Society 19(3): 273–306.
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Fairclough, Norman, and Ruth Wodak. 1997. “Critical Discourse Analysis.” In Introduction to Discourse Studies, edited by Teun A. van Dijk, 258–284. London: Sage.
Gogonas, Nikos, and Claudine Kirsch. 2018. “‘In this Country my Children are Learning two of the most Important Languages in Europe’: Ideologies of Language as a Commodity among Greek Migrant Families in Luxembourg.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 21(4): 426–438.
Hart, Christopher. 2010. Critical Discourse Analysis and Cognitive Science: New Perspectives on Immigration Discourse. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Irvine, Judith T., and Susan Gal. 2000. “Language Ideology and Linguistic Differentiation.” In Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities, edited by Paul V. Kroskrity, 35–84. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
KhosraviNik, Majid, Michał Krzyzanowski, and Ruth Wodak. 2012. “Dynamics of Discursive Representations of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the British Press 1996–2006.” In Migrations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Michi Messer, Renée Schroeder, and Ruth Wodak, 283–295. Vienna: Springer.
Kirkwood, Steve. 2017. “The Humanization of Refugees: A Discourse Analysis of UK Parliamentary Debates on the European Refugee ‘Crisis’.” Journal of Community and Social Psychology 27(2): 115–125.
Machin, David, and Andrea Mayr. 2012. How to Do Critical Discourse Analysis: A Multimodal Introduction. London: Sage.
Machin, David, and Andrea Mayr. 2013. “Personalizing Crime and Crime-fighting in Factual Television: An Analysis of Social Actors and Transitivity in Language and Images.” Critical Discourse Studies 10(4): 356–372.
May, Stephen. 2017. “National and Ethnic Minorities: Language Rights and Recognition.” In The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language, edited by Suresh Canagarajah, 149–167. London: Routledge.
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O’Brien, Gerald V.2003. “Indigestible Food, Conquering Hordes, and Waste Materials: Metaphors of Immigrants and the Early Immigration Restriction Debate in the United States.” Metaphor and Symbol 18(1): 33–47.
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Reisigl, Martin, and Ruth Wodak. 2001. Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetoric of Racism and Antisemitism. London: Routledge.
Richardson, John E., and Ruth Wodak. 2009. “The Impact of Visual Racism: Visual Arguments in Political Leaflets of Austrian and British Far-right Parties.” Controversia 6(2): 45–77.
Santa Ana, Otto. 1999. “‘Like an Animal I was Treated’: Anti-immigrant Metaphor in US Public Discourse.” Discourse and Society 10(2): 191–224.
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van Dijk, Teun A.1992. “Discourse and the Denial of Racism.” Discourse and Society 3(1): 87–118.
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van Leeuwen, Theo. 2008. Discourse and Practice. New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Weaver, Simon. 2011. “Liquid Racism and the Ambiguity of Ali G.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 14(3): 249–264.
Weaver, Simon. 2016. The Rhetoric of Racist Humor: US, UK and Global Race Joking. London: Routledge.
Wodak, Ruth. 2001. “The Discourse-Historical Approach.” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 63–94. London: Sage.
Wolfson, Nicholas. 1997. Hate Speech, Sex Speech, Free Speech. London: Praeger.
2022. Tracing racism in antiracist narrative texts online. Ethnic and Racial Studies 45:7 ► pp. 1261 ff.
Baider, Fabienne & Maria Constantinou
2020. Covert hate speech. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 8:2 ► pp. 262 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.