Cover not available
Article published In:
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 36:2 (2021) ► pp.395–422
guest column

Language styles, styling and language change in Creole communities

| University College Dublin, Ireland
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Finding styles, defining repertoires
  • 3.Traditional styles: Linguistic features and social features
  • 4.Dynamics of stylistic change
    • 4.1Changes in the community’s linguistic repertoire
    • 4.2Changing stylistic repertoires and new social identities
  • 5.Traditional styles and change
    • 5.1Changes in negative linguistic politeness
    • 5.2Emergence of new styles
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 14 January 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00080.mig
References (49)
References
Abrahams, Roger D. 1983. The Man-of-Words in the West Indies. Performance and the Emergence of Creole Culture. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.Google Scholar
Bell, Alan. 1984. Language style as audience design. Language in Society 13(2). 145–204. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001. Back in style: Reworking audience design. In Penny Eckert & John Rickford (eds.), Style and Sociolinguistic Variation, 139–169. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 1975. Dynamics of a creole system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bilby, Kenneth. 1980. The remaking of the Aluku: Culture, politics, and Maroon ethnicity in French South America, unpublished dissertation, John Hopkins University.
Borges, Robert. 2017. The Maroon Creoles of the Guianas: Expansion, contact and hybridization. In Kofi Yakpo & Pieter C. Muysken (eds.), Boundaries and Bridges: Language contact in multilingual ecologies, 87–128). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Borges, Robert, Muysken, Pieter C., Villerius, Sophie & Yakpo, Kofi. 2017. The tense-mood-aspect systems of the languages of Suriname. In Kofi Yakpo & Pieter C. Muysken (eds.), Boundaries and Bridges: Language contact in multilingual ecologies, 311–362. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bucholtz, Mary & Hall, Kira. 2010. Locating Identity in Language. In Carmen Llamas & Dominic Watt (eds.), Language and Identities, 18–28. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Coupland, Nikolas. 2007. Style: Language Variation and Identity. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016. Labov, vernacularity and sociolinguistic change. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20(4). 409–430. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeCamp, David. 1971. Towards a generative analysis of a post-Creole speech continuum. In Dell Hymes (ed.), Pidginization and Creolization of Languages, 349–370. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Devonish, Hubert. 1992. On the existence of autonomous language varieties. In Pauline Christie, Barbara Lalla, Velma Pollard & Carrington, Lawrence (eds.), Creole Continuum Situations (Studies in Caribbean Language II), 1–12. SCL: University of the West Indies Press.Google Scholar
Eckert, Penny. 2012. Three waves of variation study: The emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology 411. 87–100. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Eckert, Penny & McConnell-Ginet, Sally. 1992. Think practically and look locally: language and gender as community-based practice. Annual Review of Anthropology 211. 461–490. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Walter. 1983. Code selection and shifting in Guyana. Language and Society 12(3). 295–311. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Escure, Geneviève. 1982. Contrastive patterns of intragroup and intergroup interaction in the creole continuum of Belize. Language in Society 11(2). 239–264. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Giles, Howard and Coupland, Nikolas. 1991. Language: Contexts and Consequences. Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Giles, Howard and Powesland, Peter F. 1975. Speech Style and Social Evaluation. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell. 1962. The ethnography of speaking. In Thomas Gladwin & William C. Sturtevant (eds.), Anthropology of Human Behaviour, 13–53. Washington, DC: The Anthropological Society of Washington.Google Scholar
. 1972. Models of the interaction of language and social life. In John Gumperz & Dell Hymes (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication, edited by 35–71. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
. 1974. Ways of Speaking. In Richard Bauman & Joel Sherzer (eds.), Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, 433–452.Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith. 2001. Style as distinctiveness: The culture and ideology of linguistic differentiation. In Penny Eckert and John Rickford (eds.), Style and Sociolinguistic Variation, 21–43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith & Susan Gal. 2000. Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. In Paul Kroskrity (ed.), Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities, 35–83. Santa Fe, N.M.: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Jolivet, Marie-José. 1990. Entre autochone et immigrants: diversité et logique des positions creoles guyanaises. Études Creoles 13(2): 11–21.Google Scholar
Jourdan, Christine and Johanne Angeli. 2014. Pijin and shifting language ideologies in Solomon Islands. Language in Society, 43(3). 265–285. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2021. The development of weak normativity in Solomon Islands Pijin. Journal of Pidgin and Creoles Languages 36(1). 46–76. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Léglise, Isabelle & Migge, Bettina. 2015. Language Practices and Language Ideologies in Suriname: Results from a School Survey. In Eithne Carlin, Isabelle Léglise, Bettina Migge and Paul Tjon Sie Fat (eds.), In and out of Suriname: Language, mobility and identity, 13–57. Amsterdam: Brill.Google Scholar
. 2019. Language and identity construction on the French Guiana-Suriname border. International Journal of Multilingualism 18(1). 90–104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Léobal, Clémence. 2013. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: Une porte sur le fleuve. Matoury (Guyane): Ibis Rouge.Google Scholar
. 2016. Des marches pour un logement. Demandeuses bushinenguées et administrations bakaa . Politix 116(4): 163–192. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
LePage, Robert & Tabouret-Keller, André. 1985. Acts of Identity: Creole-based Approaches to Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Migge, Bettina. 1996. Copula variability in the Belize continuum and the notion of the creole continuum. In Jennifer Arnold, Renee Blake, Barad Davidson, Scott Schwenter & Julie Solomon (eds.), Sociolinguistic variation, data, theory, and analysis: Selected papers from NWAV23 at Stanford, 129–150. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
. 2004. The speech event kuutu in the Eastern Maroon community.” In Genèvive Escure & Armin Schwegler (eds.), Creoles, Contact and Language Change: Linguistic and Social Implications, 285–306. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2005. Greeting and social change. Susanne Mühleisen & Bettina Migge (eds.), Politeness and Face in Caribbean Creoles, 121–144. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2007. Codeswitching and social identities in the Eastern Maroon community of Suriname and French Guiana. Journal of Sociolinguistics 11 (1): 53–72. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2011. Negotiating Social Identities on an Eastern Maroon Radio Show. Journal of Pragmatics 43(6): 1495–1511. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2013. The role of Dutch in language practices in the Dutch-speaking periphery: the impact of Dutch on the Eastern Maroon Creoles. Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire – Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Filologie en Geschiedenis 1349–1364. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2015. The role of discursive information in analyzing multilingual practices. In Gerald Stell & Kofi Yakpo (eds.), Code-switching at the crossroads between structural and sociolinguistic perspectives, 185–206. Berlin. Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2020. Guest column 2. Mediating Creoles: Language Practices on a YouTube show. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 35(2):381–404. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Migge, Bettina & Léglise, Isabelle. 2015. Assessing the sociolinguistic situation of the Maroon Creoles. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 30(1): 63–115. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Migge, B. & Léglise, I. 2013. Exploring Language in a Multilingual Context: Variation, Interaction and Ideology in Language Documentation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor. 1991. Indexing gender. In Alessandro Duranti and Candy Goodwin (eds.), Rethinking Context, 335–358. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, John. 2019. Me Tarzan, You Jane: Cognition, Expression and the Creole Speaker. In John Rickford (ed.), Variation, Versatility and Change in Sociolingustics and creole studies, 48–79. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Sarah J. 2004. The role of style and identity in the development of Hawaiian Creole. In Genèvive Escure & Armin Schwegler (eds.), Creoles, Contact and Language Change: Linguistic and Social Implications, 331–350. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Spitulnik, Debra. 1999. The language of the city: Town Bemba as urban hybridity. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 8(1). 30–59. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali A. 2012. Analysing sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 1992. Another look at the copula in Black English and Caribbean Creoles. American Speech 67(1). 21–60. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1997. Re-examining Caribbean English creole continua. World Englishes 16(2). 233–279. DOI logoGoogle Scholar