Cover not available
Article published In:
Language Contact with Chinese
Edited by Zhiming Bao
[Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 38:1] 2023
► pp. 170–187
Guest column

What have we missed?

Theorising about Creoles in the absence of Melanesia and Australia

| University of Queensland , Australia
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Pidgins as precursors to Creoles
  • 3.The extent and source of substrate influences
  • 4.Complexity in Creoles
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 5 May 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00109.mea
References
Amery, Rob, & Mühlhäusler, Peter
1996 Pidgin English in New South Wales. In S. Wurm, P. Mühlhäusler, & D. Tryon (eds.), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas Vol. 2.1, 33–52. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Angelo, Denise, & Schultze-Berndt, Eva
2016 Beware ‘bambai’ – lest it be apprehensive. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages since Colonisation, 255–296. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baker, Philip
1993 Australian influence on Melanesian Pidgin English. Te Reo, 36 1. 3–67.Google Scholar
Baker, Philip, & Mühlhäusler, Peter
1996 The origins and diffusion of Pidgin English in the Pacific. In S. Wurm, P. Mühlhäusler, & D. Tryon (eds.), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas Vol. 2.1, 551–594. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1996a The development and diffusion of pronouns in Pacific Pidgin English. In S. Wurm, P. Mühlhäusler, & D. Tryon (eds.), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas Vol. 2.1, 537–549. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bakker, Peter, Daval-Markussen, Aymeric, Parkvall, Mikael, & Plag, Ingo
2011 Creoles are typologically distinct from non-creoles. Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages, 26 (1). 5–42. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, Derek
1981 Roots of language. Ann Arbor: Karoma.Google Scholar
Blasi, Damián, Michaelis, Susanne, & Haspelmath, Martin
2017 Grammars are robustly transmitted even during the emergence of creole languages. Nature Human Behaviour (Letters), 1 1. 723–729. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Camden, William
1979 Parallels in structure of lexicon and syntax between New Hebrides Bislama and South Santo language as spoken in Tangoa. Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, 2 1. 51–118. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chaudenson, Robert
1992 Des îles, des hommes, des langues: Essai sur la créolisation linguistique et culturelle. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Clark, Ross
1979 In search of Beach-la-Mar. Towards a history of Pacific Pidgin English. Te Reo, 22 1. 3–64.Google Scholar
Crowley, Terry
1990 Beach-la-Mar to Bislama: The emergence of a national language in Vanuatu Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2002 Serial Verbs in Oceanic: A Descriptive Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, Michel
2001 Morphology in creole genesis: Linguistics and ideology. In M. Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language, 53–121. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.Google Scholar
2005 Linguists’ most dangerous myth: The fallacy of Creole Exceptionalism. Language in Society, 34 (4). 533–591. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dench, Alan
1998 Pidgin Ngurlama: An Indigenous contact language in north western Australia. Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages, 13 1. 1–61. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dickson, Greg
2016 Rethinking the substrates of Roper River Kriol: The case of Marra. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation, 145–173. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dutton, Tom
1980 Queensland Canefields English of the late nineteenth century: A record of interview with two of the last surviving Kanakas in north Queensland, 1964. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
1983 The origin and spread of Aboriginal Pidgin English in Queensland: A preliminary account. Aboriginal History, 7 1. 90–120.Google Scholar
1985 Police Motu: Iena sivarai (Its story). Port Morseby (PNG): The University of Papua New Guinea Press.Google Scholar
Dutton, Tom, & Mühlhäusler, Peter
1984 Queensland Kanaka English. English World-Wide, 4 (2). 231–263. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dutton, Tom, & Thomas, Dicks
1985 A new course in Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Harris, John
1986 Northern Territory pidgins and the origin of Kriol. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Holm, John, & Patrick, Peter
2007 Comparative Creole Syntax: Parallel Outlines of 18 Creole Grammars. London: Battlebridge Publications.Google Scholar
Hudson, Joyce
1985 Grammatical and semantic aspects of Fitzroy Valley Kriol. Darwin: SIL.Google Scholar
Keesing, Roger
1988 Melanesian Pidgin and the Oceanic Substrate. Calfornia: Stanford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Koch, Harold
2011 Substrate Features in New South Wales Pidgin: The origin of -im and -fela. In C. Lefebvre (ed.), Creoles, Their Substrates and Language Typology, 489–512. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kouwenberg, Sylvia
(ed.) 2003 Twice as meaningful: Reduplication in Pidgins, Creoles and other Contact Languages. London: Battlebridge Publications.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Claire
1998 Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian Creole. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John
2001 The world’s simplest grammars are creole grammars. Linguistic Typology, 5 (2/3). 125–166. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meakins, Felicity
2010 The development of asymmetrical serial verb constructions in an Australian mixed language. Linguistic Typology, 14 (1). 1–38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2014 Language contact varieties. In H. Koch & R. Nordlinger (eds.), The languages and linguistics of Australia: A comprehensive guide, 365–416. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2016 No fixed address: The grammaticalisation of the Gurindji locative as a progressive suffix. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation, 367–396. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2020 Australia and the south west Pacific. In M. Meyerhoff & U. Ansaldo (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 88–105. London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2022 Empiricism or imperialism: The science of Creole Exceptionalism. Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages, 37 (1). 189–203. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, Miriam
1996 Transitive marking in contact Englishes. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 16 1. 57–80. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2001 Another look at the typology of serial verb constructions: The grammaticalization of temporal relations in Bislama (Vanuatu). Oceanic Linguistics, 40 (2). 247–268. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, MIriam
2009 Animacy in Bislama: Using quantitative methods to evaluate transfer of a substrate feature. In J. Stanford & D. Preston (eds.), Variation in Indigenous Minority Languages, 369–396. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, Miriam
2013 Bislama. In S. Michaelis, P. Maurer, M. Haspelmath, & M. Huber (eds.), The survey of pidgin and creole languages, Vol I, 223–231. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Michaelis, Susanne, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin, & Huber, Magnus
(eds.) 2013 The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages Vols I-IV. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mosel, Ulrike
1980 Tolai and Tok Pisin: The influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Saliko
1990 Transfer and the substrate hypothesis in creolistics. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12 (1). 1–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko
1997 Kitúba. In S. G. Thomason (ed.), Contact languages: A wider perspective, 173–208. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000 Creolization is a social, not a structural, process. In I. Neumann-Holzschuh & E. Schneider (eds.), Degrees of restructuring in creole languages, 65–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mühlhäusler, Peter
1985 Remnants of Kanaka English in Queensland. In M. Clyne (ed.), Australia, meeting place of languages (Vol. C-921, 241–255). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
1996b Pidgins and creoles of Queensland. In S. Wurm, P. Mühlhäusler, & D. Tryon (eds.), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas Vol. 2.1, 69–82. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008 History of research into Australian pidgins and creoles. In W. McGregor (ed.), Encountering Aboriginal Languages: Studies in the History of Australian Linguistics, 437–457. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Munro, Jennifer
2004 Substrate language influence in Kriol: The application of transfer constraints to language contact in northern Australia. (PhD), University of New England, Armidale.Google Scholar
2011 Roper River Aboriginal language features in Australian Kriol: Considering semantic features. In C. Lefebvre (ed.), Creoles, their Substrates, and Language Typology, 461–487. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Muysken, Pieter, & Veenstra, Tonjes
1995 Serial Verbs. In J. Arends, P. Muysken, & N. Smith (eds.), Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction, 289–302. Philadelphia: Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nicholls, Sophie
2016 Grammaticalization and interactional pragmatics: A description of the recognitional determiner det in Roper River Kriol. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation, 333–363. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
O’Shannessy, Carmel, & Meakins, Felicity
2016 Australian language contact in historical and synchronic perspective. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages since Colonisation, 3–26. Berlin: Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Parkvall, Mikael
2008 The simplicity of creoles in cross-linguistic perspective. In M. Miestamo, K. Sinnemäki, & F. Karlsson (eds.), Language Complexity: Typology, Contact, Change, 265–285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Plag, Ingo
2003 Phonology and morphology of creole languages. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ponsonnet, Maia
2016 Reflexive, reciprocal and emphatic functions in Barunga Kriol. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation, 297–332. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2017 Conceptual representations and figurative language in language shift. Metaphors and gestures for emotions in Kriol (Barunga, northern Australia). Cognitive Linguistics, 28 (4). 631–671. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schuchardt, Hugo
1979 [1883] On Melanesian-English (T. Markey, Trans.). In T. Markey (ed.), The Ethnography of Variation – Selected Writings on Pidgins and Creoles: Hugo Schuchardt, 18–25. Ann Arbor: Karoma.Google Scholar
Schultze-Berndt, Eva, Meakins, Felicity, & Angelo, Denise
2013 Kriol. In S. Michaelis, P. Maurer, M. Haspelmath, & M. Huber (eds.), The survey of pidgin and creole languages, Vol I, 241–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sebba, Mark
1987 The Syntax of Serial Verbs. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Siegel, Jeff
1999 Transfer constraints and substrate influence in Melanesian Pidgin. Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages, 14 (1). 1–44. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000 Substrate influence in Hawai’i Creole English. Language in Society, 29 1. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008 The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2011 Substrate reinforcement and the retention of Pan-Pacific Pidgin features in modern contact varieties. In C. Lefebvre (ed.), Creoles, their substrates, and language typology, 531–556. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Simpson, Jane
1996 Early language contact varieties in South Australia. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 16 (2). 169–207. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Geoff, & Siegel, Jeff
2013 Tok Pisin. In S. Michaelis, P. Maurer, M. Haspelmath, & M. Huber (eds.), The survey of pidgin and creole languages, Vol I, 214–222. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Troy, Jakelin
1990 Australian Aboriginal Contact with the English Language in New South Wales: 1788 to 1845. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
1994 Melaleuka: A History and Description of New South Wales Pidgin. Australian National University, Canberra.Google Scholar
Tryon, Darrell, & Charpentier, Jean-Michel
2004 Pacific Pidgins and Creoles: Origins, Growth and Development. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Veenstra, Tonjes
1996 Serial Verbs in Saramaccan: Predication and Creole Genesis. Dordrecht, Holland: Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics.Google Scholar
Verhaar, John
1995 Towards a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Wurm, Stephen, Mühlhäusler, Peter, & Tryon, Darrell
(eds.) 1996 Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas Vol. 2.1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar