Part of
Continuity and Change in GrammarEdited by Anne Breitbarth, Christopher Lucas, Sheila Watts and David Willis
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 159] 2010
► pp. 61–76
Edited by Anne Breitbarth, Christopher Lucas, Sheila Watts and David Willis
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 159] 2010
► pp. 61–76
Continuity is change
The long tail of Jespersen’s cycle in Flemish
All West Germanic languages have completed Jespersen’s Cycle, replacing a preverbal negation marker (stage I) with a post-verbal one (stage III) after a period of transition during which the two could co-occur (stage II). Only the Flemish dialects have maintained the old preverbal marker to some extent. The present chapter addresses this apparent historical continuity, establishing that Flemish en was in fact saved from the fate of its West Germanic cognates by a morphosyntactic change. Based on an analysis of the contexts in which preverbal en is found in present-day Flemish dialects, it is argued that en has evolved into a marker of emphasis of polarity, and that contrary to appearances, the Flemish dialects have in fact reached stage III.
Cited by (76)
Cited by 76 other publications
Beaver, David & Kristin Denlinger
2020. Negation and Presupposition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 369 ff. 
Bohn, Manuel, Josep Call & Christoph J. Völter
2020. Evolutionary Precursors of Negation in Non-Human Reasoning. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 577 ff.
Christensen, Ken Ramshøj
2020. The Neurology of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 725 ff.
de Swart, Henriëtte
2020. Double Negation Readings. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 479 ff.
Delfitto, Denis
2020. Expletive Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 255 ff.
Dwivedi, Veena D.
2020. Individual Differences in Processing of Negative Operators. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 713 ff.
Viviane Déprez & M. Teresa Espinal
2020. The Oxford Handbook of Negation,
Fleisher, Nicholas
2020. Calculating the Scope of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 269 ff.
Francis, Naomi & Sabine Iatridou
2020. Modals and Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 285 ff.
Fălăuş, Anamaria
2020. Negation and Alternatives. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 333 ff.
Giannakidou, Anastasia
2020. Negative Concord and the Nature of Negative Concord Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 458 ff.
Gianollo, Chiara
2020. Evolution of Negative Dependencies. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 546 ff.
Gianollo, Chiara
2020. The Morpho-Syntactic Nature of the Negative Marker. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 117 ff.
Grodzinsky, Yosef, Virginia Jaichenco, Isabelle Deschamps, María Elina Sánchez, Martín Fuchs, Peter Pieperhoff, Yonatan Loewenstein & Katrin Amunts
2020. Negation and the Brain. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 694 ff.
Hochmann, Jean-Rémy
2020. Cognitive Precursors of Negation in Preverbal Infants. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 589 ff.
Horn, Laurence R.
2020. Negation and Opposition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 7 ff.
Horn, Laurence R.
2020. Neg-raising. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 199 ff.
Joshi, Shrikant
2020. Affixal Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 75 ff.
Kaup, Barbara & Carolin Dudschig
2020. Understanding Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 635 ff.
Larrivée, Pierre
2020. The Role of Pragmatics in Negation Change. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 563 ff.
Martins, Ana Maria
2020. Metalinguistic Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 349 ff.
Mayr, Clemens
2020. Intervention Effects with Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 216 ff.
Moeschler, Jacques
2020. Negative Predicates. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 26 ff.
Muller, Hanna & Colin Phillips
2020. Negative Polarity Illusions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 656 ff.
Papeo, Liuba & Manuel de Vega
2020. The Neurobiology of Lexical and Sentential Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 740 ff.
Pearce, Elizabeth
2020. Negation and Constituent Ordering. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 152 ff.
Poletto, Cecilia
2020. The Possible Positioning of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 135 ff.
Prieto, Pilar & M. Teresa Espinal
2020. Negation, Prosody, and Gesture. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 677 ff.
Quer, Josep
2020. The Expression of Negation in Sign Languages. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 177 ff.
Ripley, David
2020. Denial. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 47 ff.
Romero, Maribel
2020. Form and Function of Negative, Tag, and Rhetorical Questions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 235 ff.
Schein, Barry
2020. Negation in Event Semantics. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 301 ff.
Sánchez, Liliana & Jennifer Austin
2020. Negation in L2 Acquisition and Beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 615 ff.
Thornton, Rosalind
2020. Negation and First Language Acquisition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 599 ff.
Tortora, Christina & Frances Blanchette
2020. Negation in Non-Standard Varieties. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 515 ff.
Tovena, Lucia M.
2020. Negative Polarity Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 391 ff.
Tubau, Susagna
2020. Minimizers and Maximizers as Different Types of Polarity Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 407 ff.
van der Auwera, Johan & Olga Krasnoukhova
2020. The Typology of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 91 ff.
Wallage, Phillip
2020. Quantitative Studies of the Use of Negative (Dependent) Expressions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 499 ff.
Weir, Andrew
2020. Negative Fragment Answers. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 441 ff.
Zeijlstra, Hedde
2020. Negative Quantifiers. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 426 ff.
Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A. & Karen De Clercq
2019. From negative cleft to external negator. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 228 ff.
Batllori, Montserrat, Elisabeth Gibert-Sotelo & Isabel Pujol
2019. Changes in the argument and event structure of psych verbs in the history of Spanish. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 249 ff.
Bernstein, Judy, Francisco Ordóñez & Francesc Roca
2019. On the emergence of personal articles in the history of Catalan. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 88 ff.
Blümel, Andreas & Marco Coniglio
2019. What kind of constructions yield what kind of constructions?. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 131 ff.
Miriam Bouzouita, Anne Breitbarth, Lieven Danckaert & Elisabeth Witzenhausen
2019. Cycles in Language Change,
Breitbarth, Anne, Lieven Danckaert, Elisabeth Witzenhausen & Miriam Bouzouita
2019. Cycling through diachrony. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 1 ff.
De Clercq, Karen
2019. French negation, the Superset Principle, and Feature Conservation. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 199 ff.
De Clercq, Karen
2020. Types of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 58 ff.
Fischer, Susann, Mario Navarro & Jorge Vega Vilanova
2019. The clitic doubling parameter. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 52 ff.
Fuß, Eric
2019. When morphological and syntactic change are not in sync. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 33 ff.
Garzonio, Jacopo & Silvia Rossi
2019. Weak elements in cycles. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 71 ff.
Kinn, Kari
2019. Bare singular nouns in Middle Norwegian. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 109 ff.
Moreno, Mitrović
2019. Quantificational cycles and shifts. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 155 ff.
Poletto, Cecilia & Emanuela Sanfelici
2019. On the relative cycle. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 177 ff.
van Gelderen, Elly
2019. Cyclical change and problems of projection. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. 13 ff.
Haegeman, Liliane & Ciro Greco
2018. West Flemish V3 and the interaction of syntax and discourse. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 21:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The development of negation in Low German. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 143 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The expression of standard negation. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 16 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Indefinites in the scope of negation. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 55 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The History of Low German Negation,
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Introduction. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 1 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Conclusion. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 175 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Theoretical background. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 109 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2020. The Negative Cycle and Beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 530 ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. List of figures. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. xii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Copyright Page. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Series preface. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Preface. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. viii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. List of tables. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. ix ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. Copyright Page. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. List of abbreviations. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. ix ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. Series preface. In Cycles in Language Change, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Abbreviations. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. xi ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Copyright Page. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Introduction. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.