The goal of this article is to contribute to the literature on heritage speaker
bilingualism by weighing in on the current debate regarding the source(s) of
heritage speaker linguistic differences. Focusing on Spanish dative experiencers
-gustar-like verbs-, I report on production and
comprehension data from heritage speaker children and adults, from monolingual
children and adults, as well as from adult bilingual immigrants. The results
show (i) comprehension differences from expected outcomes for all heritage
groups but not for the adult monolingual and bilingual control groups, and (ii)
significant variation in the adult bilingual immigrant group’s production of the
dative marker ‘a’ in obligatory contexts. I posit that this variation is at
least in part responsible for the heritage speaker outcomes observed.
Arad, M. (1998). VP-Structure
and the Syntax-lexicon Interface. Doctoral
dissertation, University College London.
Bayram, F., Rothman, J., Iverson, M., Kupisch, T., Miller, D., Puig-Mayenco, E., & Westergaard, M.. (2017): Differences
in use without deficiencies in competence: passives in the Turkish and
German of Turkish heritage speakers in
Germany, International Journal of Bilingual
Education and Bilingualism,
Belletti, A., & Rizzi ,
L.. (1988). Psych-Verbs
and θ-Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic
Theory, 6, (3), 291–352.
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage
languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for
linguistics. Theoretical
Linguistics, 39(3–4), 129–181.
Borer, H., & Wexler, K.. (1987). The
maturation of
syntax. In T. Roeper and Williams, E. (Eds.), Parameter
setting, 123–172. Dordrecht: Reidel.
de Prada Pérez, A., & Pascual y Cabo, D.. (2011). Invariable
gusta in the Spanish of Heritage Speakers in the US. Proceedings of the 11th
Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition (GASLA
2011) edited by Julia Herschensohn and Darren Tanner, 110–120. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Dvorak, T., & Kirschner, C.. (1982). Mary
Likes Fishes: Reverse Psychological Phenomena in New York Puerto Rican
Spanish. Bilingual
Review, 9 (1), 59–65.
Franco, J., & Huidobro, S.. (2003). Psych
Verbs in Spanish Leista
Dialects. In S. Montrul & F. Ordóñez (Eds.), Linguistic
Theory and Language Development in Hispanic
Languages (pp. 138–157). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Fox, D., & Grodzinsky, Y.. (1998). Children’s
Passive: A View from the
By-phrase. Linguistic
Inquiry, 291, 311–332.
Kupisch, T., & Rothman, J.. (2016). Terminology
Matters! Why Difference is not Incompleteness and how Early Child Bilinguals
are Heritage Speakers. International Journal
of Bilingualism. ISSN
1756–6878. .
Landau, I. (2010). The
Locative Syntax of Experiencers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lightfoot, D. (1979). Principles
of Diachronic Syntax. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Lightfoot, D. (1991). How
to set parameters: Arguments from language
change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lightfoot, D. (1999). The
Development of Language: Acquisition, Change, and
Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lightfoot, D. (2010). Language
Acquisition and Language Change. Wiley
Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive
Science. (Ed.) Peter Culcover. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 677–684.
Lightfoot, D. & Westergaard, M.. (2007). Language
Acquisition and Language Change:
Interrelationships. Language and Linguistics
Compass, 1.5, 396–416.
López Morales, H. (2003). Los
Cubanos de Miami; Lengua y
Sociedad. Miami: Ediciones Universal.
McDaniel, D., McKee, C., & Cairns, C. H.. (1996). Methods
for assessing children’s syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Montrul, S. (2012). The
Grammatical Competence of Spanish Heritage
Speakers. In S. Beaudrie & M. Fairclough (Eds.), Spanish
as a Heritage Language in the United States: The State of the
Field. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Montrul, S. (2016a). The
Acquisition of Heritage
Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Montrul, S., & Bowles, M.. (2009). Back
to Basics: Incomplete Knowledge of Differential Object Marking in Spanish
Heritage Speakers. Bilingualism: Language and
Cognition, 12 (3), 363–383.
Montrul, S., & Slabakova, R.. (2003). Competence
similarities between native and near-native
speakers. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 25(3), 351–398.
Montrul, S., & Sánchez-Walker, N.. (2013). Differential
object marking in child and adult Spanish heritage
speakers. Language
Acquisition, 20(2), 109–132.
Pascual y Cabo, D. (2013a). Agreement
Reflexes of Emerging Optionality in Heritage Speaker
Spanish. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Florida.
Pascual y Cabo, D. (2013b). Knowledge
of Gustar-like Verbs in Spanish Heritage
Speakers. In J. Cabrelli Amaro, T. Judy, & D. Pascual y Cabo (Eds.), Proceedings
of the 12th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference
(GASLA), 162–169. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Pascual y Cabo, D. (2016). Syntactic
Reflexes of Emerging Optionality in Heritage Speaker
Spanish. Hispania 99 (1), 34–50.
Pascual y Cabo, D., & Gómez Soler, I.. (2017). Dative
Experiencer Predicates in Child Heritage Speakers of
Cuban-Spanish. In Cuza, A. (Ed.), Cuban
Spanish Dialectology: Variation, Contact and
Change. Washington D.C: Georgetown University Press.
Pascual y Cabo, D., & Rothman, J.. (2012). The
(Il)logical Problem of Heritage Speaker Bilingualism and Incomplete
Acquisition. Applied
Linguistics, 33 (4) 1–7.
Pesetsky, D. (1995). Zero
Syntax: Experiencers and
cascades. MIT Press: Cambridge.
Pierce, A. (1992). The
acquisition of passive in Spanish and the question of A-chain
maturation. Language
Acquisition, 21:55–8.
Pires, A., & Rothman, J.. (2009). Disentangling
sources of incomplete acquisition: An explanation for competence divergence
across heritage grammar. International
Journal of
Bilingualism, 13(2), 1–28.
Polinsky, M. (2011). Reanalysis
in adult heritage language: A case for
attrition. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 331, 305–328.
Rothman, J. (2007). Heritage
Speaker Competence Differences, Language Change and Input Type: Inflected
Infinitives in Heritage Brazilian
Portuguese. International Journal of
Bilingualism, 11(4), 359–389.
Rothman, J. (2009). Understanding
the nature and outcomes of early bilingualism: Romance languages as heritage
languages. International Journal of
Bilingualism, 13(2), 155–165.
Rothman, J., & Iverson, M.. (2010). Independent
normative assessments for bi/multilingualism, Where art
thou. Multilingual
norms, 33–51.
Schmid, M. (2011). Language
Attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Silva-Corvalán, C. (1994). Language
Contact and Change: Spanish in Los
Angeles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2023. Heritage language use in the country of residence matters for language maintenance, but short visits to the homeland can boost heritage language outcomes. Frontiers in Language Sciences 2
Cuartero, Marina, Eleonora Rossi, Ester Navarro & Diego Pascual y Cabo
2023. Mind the net! Unpacking the contributions of social network science for heritage and Bilingualism research. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics 2:1 ► pp. 100041 ff.
Lam, Boji P. W. & Jiyoung Yoon
2023. The Effect of Language Dominance on Classic Semantic, Action, Emotional, and Phonemic Fluency in Unbalanced Bilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 66:12 ► pp. 4967 ff.
Rothman, Jason, Fatih Bayram, Vincent DeLuca, Grazia Di Pisa, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, Khadij Gharibi, Jiuzhou Hao, Nadine Kolb, Maki Kubota, Tanja Kupisch, Tim Laméris, Alicia Luque, Brechje van Osch, Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Yanina Prystauka, Deniz Tat, Aleksandra Tomić, Toms Voits & Stefanie Wulff
2023. Monolingual comparative normativity in bilingualism research is out of “control”: Arguments and alternatives. Applied Psycholinguistics 44:3 ► pp. 316 ff.
Smith, Giuditta, Roberta Spelorzi, Antonella Sorace & Maria Garraffa
2023. Early Home and Community Support in Later Chinese Heritage Language Literacy Development. In Crossing Boundaries in Researching, Understanding, and Improving Language Education [Educational Linguistics, 58], ► pp. 103 ff.
López Otero, Julio César
2022. Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence on DOM in Romanian-Spanish bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism 26:6 ► pp. 710 ff.
Bayram, Fatih, Grazia Di Pisa, Jason Rothman & Roumyana Slabakova
2021. Current Trends and Emerging Methodologies in Charting Heritage Language Grammars. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 545 ff.
2021. Research Approaches to Heritage Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 373 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.