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Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism: Online-First Articles

Facilitation for non-identical cognates in L3

The role of cross-language similarity and stimulus list composition

ORCID logo | Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
ORCID logo | Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

In the present study we aimed to obtain with trilinguals the cognate inhibitory effects reported earlier for bilingual speakers who performed L2 lexical decision tasks (LDTs) with non-identical cognates and controls. To that end, Polish–English–Dutch trilinguals performed two LDTs in their L3. In Experiment 1, the stimuli included two types of double non-identical cognates Polish–Dutch (e.g., SMAK–SMAAK), and English–Dutch (e.g., BUTTER–BOTER) as well as matched non-cognate Dutch controls (e.g., JASJE). In Experiment 2, we tested triple non-identical cognates shared across Polish, English and Dutch (e.g., GRUPA–GROUP–GROEP) and Dutch controls (e.g., BROEK). We failed to find the bilingual inhibitory effects. In contrast, significant facilitation for English–Dutch and for Polish–English–Dutch cognates was found, even though no identical cognates were used. However, Polish–Dutch cognates yielded null results. The current findings emphasize the influence of the levels of form similarity on the observed cognate effects and point to the important role of stimulus list composition in cognate processing.

Keywords: non-identical cognate, trilingual, word recognition, stimulus list, cross-language similarity
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Factors affecting cognate processing in bilinguals
  • 3.Factors affecting cognate processing in trilinguals
  • 4.The present study
    • 4.1Experiment 1
      • 4.1.1Participants
      • 4.1.2Materials
        • Orthographic analysis
        • Norming study
      • 4.1.3Procedure
      • 4.1.4Data selection and analysis
      • 4.1.5Results
    • 4.2Experiment 2
      • 4.2.1Participants
      • 4.2.2Materials
      • 4.2.3Procedure
      • 4.2.4Data selection and analysis
      • 4.2.5Results
  • 5.General discussion
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Declaration of conflicting interests
  • Data availability statement
  • Note
  • References
Published online: 13 May 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.21016.lij
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