Crime and Corpus

The linguistic representation of crime in the press

| University of Huddersfield
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027234094 | EUR 95.00 | USD 143.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027268761 | EUR 95.00 | USD 143.00
 
Reports on crime in newspapers do not provide a neutral representation of criminals and their offences but instead construct them in accordance with societal discourse surrounding this issue. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of Linguistics, Criminology, and Media Studies and demonstrates how Linguistics can contribute to the study of crime in the media. By combining the tools offered by Corpus Linguistics and Critical Stylistics (a text-based framework for Critical Discourse Analysis), evidence is provided for predominant perceptions of crime and their underlying ideologies in both British and German society. This study names and illustrates the most significant linguistic devices used to construct offenders, victims, and crimes in two newspaper corpora compiled from the German and British press. These devices are then linked to criminological frameworks.
[Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 20]  2015.  xvii, 181 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.20
Table of Contents
Preface
xi–xii
Acknowledgements
xiii–xiv
List of figures
xv–xvi
List of tables
xvii–xviii
Chapter 1. Introduction
1–8
Chapter 2. Crime theories and the media
9–26
Chapter 3. Critical language studies and Critical Stylistics
27–54
Chapter 4. Corpus Linguistics
55–70
Chapter 5. Conducting the analysis
71–90
Chapter 6. Linguistic construction in the British press
91–116
Chapter 7. Linguistic construction in the German press
117–152
Chapter 8. Final considerations
153–158
References
159–176
Appendix
177–178
Index
179–182
Cited by

Cited by 20 other publications

Catalano, Theresa & Linda R. Waugh
2016. Representations of power. Journal of Language and Politics 15:6 ► pp. 790 ff. Crossref logo
Chaemsaithong, Krisda & Yoonjeong Kim
2021. Making death (in)different: discursive legitimation in death trials. Social Semiotics ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Dollinger, Bernd
2019. Help Wanted? A Narrative Look at Penal Welfarism ‘From Below’. Youth Justice 19:2 ► pp. 120 ff. Crossref logo
Dollinger, Bernd
2021. Problemgeschichten. Implikationen einer narrativen Konzeptualisierung und Analyse sozialer Probleme. Soziale Probleme 32:1 ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Douthwaite, John, Daniela Francesca Virdis & Elisabetta Zurru
2017.  In The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 28], ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Gregoriou, Christiana & Ilse A. Ras
2018.  In Representations of Transnational Human Trafficking, ► pp. 25 ff. Crossref logo
Horbacauskiene, Jolita
2021.  In Handbook of Research on Contemporary Storytelling Methods Across New Media and Disciplines [Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, ], ► pp. 63 ff. Crossref logo
Leung, Ray C. H.
2017. Conceptualizations of sociopolitical culture in Hong Kong and Mainland China. International Journal of Language and Culture 4:2 ► pp. 215 ff. Crossref logo
Lugea, Jane
2017. The year’s work in stylistics 2016. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 26:4 ► pp. 340 ff. Crossref logo
Nevala, Minna
2019.  In Reference and Identity in Public Discourses [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 306], ► pp. 19 ff. Crossref logo
Nevala, Minna & Arja Nurmi
2020.  In Late Modern English [Studies in Language Companion Series, 214], ► pp. 316 ff. Crossref logo
Nolte, M. Insa, Clyde Ancarno & Rebecca Jones
2018. Inter-religious relations in Yorubaland, Nigeria: corpus methods and anthropological survey data. Corpora 13:1 ► pp. 27 ff. Crossref logo
Ras, Ilse A.
2021.  In Capitalism, Crime and Media in the 21st Century, ► pp. 77 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 27 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 43 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 81 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 115 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 157 ff. Crossref logo
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016.  In Language and Crime, ► pp. 177 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 november 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Abousnnouga, G. & Machin, D.
(2008) Defence discourse I: The visual institutionalization of discourses in war monuments. In A. Mayr (Ed.), Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse (pp. 115–137). London: Continuum.Google Scholar
(2013) The Language of War Monuments. London: Bloomsbury. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Abrahams, H.
(2007) Supporting Women After Domestic Violence: Loss, Trauma and Recovery. London: Jessica Kingsley. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Adolphs, S.
(2006) Introducing Electronic Text Analysis: A Practical Guide for Language and Literary Studies. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Agresti, A.
(2002) Categorical Data Analysis (2nd edn.). New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Althusser, L.
(1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. New York, NY: Monthy Review Press.Google Scholar
Anthony, L.
(2012) AntConc (version 3.3.1).
(2013) A critical look at software tools in corpus linguistics. Linguistic Research, 30(2), 141–161. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, A.
(1998) The Criminal Process: An Evaluative Study (2nd edn.). Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Atkinson, M., Kilby, D. & Roca, I.
(1982) Foundations of General Lingustics. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Baker, P.
(2004) Querying keywords: Questions of difference, frequency, and sense in keyword analysis. Journal of English Linguistics, 32(4), 346–359. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2006) Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) The BE06 corpus of British English and recent language change. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(3), 312–337. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Representations of Islam in British broadsheet and tabloid newspapers 1999–2005. Journal of Language and Politics, 9(2), 310–338. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Times may change, but we will always have Money: Diachronic variation in recent British English. Journal of English Linguistics, 39(1), 65–88. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., KhosraviNik, M., Krzyzanowski, M., McEnery, T. & Wodak, R.
(2008) A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourse of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse Society, 19, 273–306. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P. & McEnery, T.
(2005) A corpus-based approach to discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in UN and newspaper texts. Journal of Language and Politics, 4(2), 197–226. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P., McEnery, T. & Gabrielatos, C.
(2013) Discourse Analysis and Media Attitudes: The Representation of Islam in the British Press. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bamberg, M.
(1994) Development of linguistic forms: German. In R.A. Berman & D.I. Slobin (Eds.), Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Development Study (pp. 189–238). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Barnett, B.
(2006) Medea in the media: Narrative and myth in newspaper coverage of women who kill their children. Journalism, 7(4), 411–432. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Beck, U.
(1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Becker, H.S.
(1966) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York NY: The Free Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bednarek, M.
(2006) Evaluation in Media Discourse: Analysis of a Newspaper Corpus. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bednarek, M. & Caple, H.
(2012) News Discourse. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2014) Why do news values matter? Towards a new methodological framework for analysing news discourse in critical discourse analysis and beyond. Discourse & Society, 25(2), 135–158. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A.
(1991) The Language of News Media. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Benneworth, K.
(2007) ‘Just Good Friends’: Managing the clash of discourses in police interviews with paedophiles. In J. Cotterill (Ed.), The Language of Sexual Crime (pp. 42–61). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biber, D.
(1993) Representativeness in corpus design. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 8(4), 243–257. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) A corpus-driven approach to formulaic language in English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(3), 275–311. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Leech, G.
(2002) Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Reppen, R.
(1998) Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bickel, P.J. & Doksum, K.A.
(2007) Mathematical Statistics: Basic Ideas and Selected Topics (2nd edn.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Billig, M.
(2000) Towards a critique of the critical. Discourse & Society, 11(3), pp. 291–292. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, H. & Jaworski, A.
(2003) ‘We Beat ‘em’: Nationalism and the hegemony of homogeneity in the British press reportage of Germany versus England during Euro 2000. Discourse & Society, 14(3), 243–271. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, J.
(2001) Context is/as critique. Critique of Anthropology, 21(1), 13–32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) Discourse: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boehm, G.
(1989) Was heißt: Interpretation? Anmerkungen zur Rekonstruktion eines Problems. In C. Fruh, R. Rosenberg & H.P. Rosinski (Eds.), Kunstgeschichte – aber wie? Zehn Themen und Beispiele (pp. 13–26). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J.
(1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. & Yule, G.
(1983) Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M.
(2000) Calculations of risk in contemporary penal practice. In M. Brown & J. Pratt (Eds.), Dangerous Offenders: Punishment & Social Order (pp. 93–108). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brown, M. & Pratt, J.
(Eds.) (2000) Dangerous Offenders: Punishment & Social Order. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, D.R.
(1992) An uneasy alliance: Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Health Education Quarterly, 19(1), 117–135. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, R. & Akers, R.
(1966) A differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior. Social Problems, 14, 128–147. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Busà, M.G.
(2014) Introducing the Language of the News. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Carrabine, E., Cox, P., Lee, M., Plummer, K. & South, N.
(2009) Criminology: A Sociological Introduction (2nd edn.). Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Carter, R., Goddard, A., Reah, D., Sanger, K. & Swift, N.
(2008) Working with Texts: A Core Introduction to Language Analysis (3rd edn.). Abingdon: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S.
(2006) Thinking about Language: Theories of English. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chibnall, S.
(1977) Law and Order News. London: Travistock.Google Scholar
Chilton, P.
(2005) Missing links in mainstream CDA: Modules, blends and the critical instinct. In R. Wodak & P. Chilton (Eds.), A New Research Agenda in Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity (pp. 19–52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Still something missing in CDA. Discourse Studies, 13(6), 769–781. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N.
(1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1966) Cartesian Linguistics. New York, NY: Harper & Row. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Christie, N.
(1977) Conflicts as property. In E. McLaughlin, R. Fergusson, G. Hughes, & L. Westermarland (Eds.), Restorative justice: Critical issues (pp. 37–51). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
(1986) The ideal victim. In E.A. Fattah (Ed.), From Crime Policy to Victim Policy (pp. 17–30). Houndmills: The Macmillan Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cillia, R. de & Wodak, R.
(2007) ‘Katastrophe und Wiedergeburt’. Zur diskursiven Konstruktion gemeinsamer Geschichte im Österreich des Jahres 2005. In A. Redder (Ed.), Diskurse und Texte. Festschrift für Konrad Ehlich zum 65. Geburtstag (pp. 117–128). Tübingen: Stauffenberg.Google Scholar
Clark, K.
(1992) The linguistics of blame: Representations of women in The Sun’s reporting of crimes of sexual violence. In M. Toolan (Ed.), Language, Text and Context: Essays in Stylistics (pp. 208–226). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clarke, R.V.G.
(1980) “Situational” crime prevention: Theory and practice. British Journal of Criminology, 20(2), 136–147.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Clauβ, G. & Ebner, H.
(1983) Grundlagen der Statistik (7th edn.). Berlin: Volk und Wissen.Google Scholar
Coffey, L.
(2013) “Innocent Until Proven Filthy”: A corpus-based critical stylistic analysis of representations of men in women’s magazines. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Huddersfield. http://​eprints​.hud​.ac​.uk​/19274/⟩.Google Scholar
Cohen, A.K.
(1955) Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S.
(1980) Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2002) Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers (3rd edn.). London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cole, P. & Harcup, T.
(2010) Newspaper Journalism. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, C. & Norris, C.
(2000) Introducing Criminology. Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Conboy, M.
(2006) Tabloid Britain: Constructing a Community through Language. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cook, G.
(1989) Discourse. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Cornwell, D., Blad, J. & Wright, M.
(Eds.) (2013) Civilising Criminal Justice: An International Restorative Agenda for Penal Reform. Hook: Waterside Press.Google Scholar
Cotterill, J.
(2001) Domestic discord, rocky relationships: Semantic prosodies in representations of marital violence in the O.J. Simpson trial. Discourse & Society, 12(3), 291–312. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Language and Power in Court: A Linguistic Analysis of the O.J. Simpson Trial. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cottle, S.
(2008) Social drama in a mediatized world: The racist murder of Stephen Lawrence. In G.S. John (Ed.), Victor Turner and Contemporary Cultural Performance (pp. 109–124). New York, NY: Berkhahn Books.Google Scholar
Crowther, C.
(2007) An Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Culpeper, J.
(2001) Language and Characterisation: People in Plays and other Texts. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
(2002) Computers, language and characterisation: An analysis of six characters in Romeo and Juliet . In U. Melander-Marttala, C. Östman & M. Kytö (Eds.), Conversation in Life and in Literature (pp. 11–30). Uppsala: Universitetstryckeriet [Papers from the ASLA Symposium, Association Suedoise de Linguistique Appliquée (ASLA) 15].Google Scholar
(2009) Words, parts-of-speech and semantic categories in the character-talk of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet . International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(1), 29–59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Davies, M.
(2013) Oppositions and Ideology in News Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R.
(1999) The discursive construction of national identities. Discourse & Society, 10(2), 149–173. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Derrida, J.
(1967, 2005) Writing and Difference. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dobash, R.E. & Dobash, R.P.
(1992) Women, Violence and Social Change. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(Eds.) (1998) Rethinking Violence against Women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dunning, T.
(1993) Accurate methods for the statistics of surprise and coincidence. Computational Linguistics, 19(1), 61–74.Google Scholar
Durant, A. & Lambrou, M.
(2009) Language and Media: A resource Book for Students. Abingdon: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Durkheim, É.
(1938) The Rules of Sociological Method (8th edn., translated by S.A. Solovay and J.H. Mueller, and edited by G.E.G. Catlin). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, S.
(1999) Communities of practice, gender and the representation of sexual assault. Language in Society, 28(2), 239–256. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Representing Rape: Language and Sexual Consent. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, S. & King, R.
(1996) Consensual sex or sexual harassment: Negotiating meaning. In V.L. Bergvall, J.M. Bing, & A.F. Freed (Eds.), Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice (pp. 153–172). Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman.Google Scholar
Eilders, C.
(2002) Conflict and consonance in media opinion: Political positions of five German quality newspapers. European Journal of Communication, 17, 25–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Erwin-Tripp, S.M.
(1969) Sociolinguistic rules of address. In J.B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics (pp. 225–240). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Evison, J.
(2010) What are the basics of analysing a corpus? In A. O’Keeffe & M. McCarthy (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics. Milton Park: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fahrmeir, L., Künstler, R., Pigeot, I. & Tutz, G.
(2007) Statistik (6th edn.). Berlin: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fairclough, N.
(1992a) Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1992b) Discourse and text: Linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 3(2), 193–217. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1995) Media Discourse. London: Hodder Education.Google Scholar
(2000) New Labour, New Language? London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2001a) The dialectics of discourse. In G. Cortese & D. Hymes (Eds.), Textus, 14(2), 231–242.Google Scholar
(2001b) Language and Power (2nd edn.). Essex: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
(2003) ‘Political Correctness’: The politics of culture and language. Discourse & Society, 14(1), 17–28. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) Peripheral vision: Discourse analysis in organization studies: the case for critical realism. Organization Studies, 26(6), 915–939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(Ed.) (1992c) Critical Language Awareness. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Fairclough, N. & Wodak, R.
(1997) Critical discourse analysis. In T.A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse as Social Interaction: Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction (Vol. 2, pp. 258–284). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Felson, M.
(1987) Routine activities and crime presention in the developing metropolis. Criminology, 25(4), 911–932. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Firth, J.R.
(1957) A synopsis of linguistic theory, 1930–1955. In J.R. Firth (Ed.), Studies in Linguistic Analysis (pp. 1–32). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fischer-Starke, B.
(2009) Keywords and frequent phrases of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice . International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(4), 492–523. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Corpus Linguistics in Literary Analysis: Jane Austen and her Contemporaries. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, K., Augoustinos, M. & Kettler, L.
(2013) Re-thinking rapport through the lens of progressivity in investigative interviews into child sexual abuse. Discourse Studies, 15(4), 395–420. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Forster, E.M.
(1927) Aspects of the Novel. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Foucault, M.
(1972) The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Tavistock. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1977) Discipline and Punish. London: Allen Lane. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R.
(1981) Literature as Social Discourse: The Practice of Linguistic Criticism. London: Batsford Academic and Educational.Google Scholar
(1991) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G. & Trew, T.
(1979a) Language and Control. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R. & Kress, G.
(1979b) Critical linguistics. In R. Fowler, B. Hodge, G. Kress & T. Trew (Eds.), Language and Control. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Francis, W.N. & Kucera, H.
(1979) Manual of Information to Accompany a Standard Sample of Present-day Edited American English, for Use with Digital Computers (original ed. 1964, revised 1971, revised and augmented 1979 edn.). Providence, RI: Brown University.Google Scholar
Gabrielatos, C. & Baker, P.
(2008) Fleeing, sneaking, flooding: A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press, 1996–2005. Journal of English Linguistics, 361, 5–38. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T., Diggle, P.J. & Baker, P.
(2012) The peaks and troughs of corpus-based contextual analysis. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 17(2), 151–175. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Galtung, J. & Ruge, M.
(1973) Structuring and selecting the news. In S. Cohen & J. Young (Eds.), The Manufacture of News: Deviance, Social Problems and the Mass Media. London: Constable.Google Scholar
Garland, D.
(2001) The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gavins, J.
(2007) Text World Theory: An Introduction. Edinburgh: EUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) Leda and the stylisticians. Language and Literature, 21(4), 345–362. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Giddens, A., Duneier, M. & Appelbaum, R.P.
(2003) Introduction to Sociology (4th edn.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Gramsci, A.
(1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Greenbaum, S. & Nelson, G.
(2009) An introduction to English grammar (3rd edn.). Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Greer, C.
(2003) Sex Crime and the Media: Sex Offending and the Press in a Divided Society. Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gregoriou, C.
(2011) Language, Ideology and Identity in Serial Killer Narratives. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grice, H.P.
(1975) Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts (pp. 41–58). New York, NY: Academic Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1978) Further notes on logic and conversation. In P. Cole (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics (pp. 113–127). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gries, S.T.
(2010) Corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics. A love-hate relationship? Not necessarily … International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(3), 327–343. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Guo, J.-y
(2012) ‘Anyone in my shoes will end up like me’: Female inmates discourse of responsibility for crime. Discourse & Society, 23(1), 34–46. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A.
(2008) Monster. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Hall, S.
(1996) The problem of ideology: Marxism without guarantees. In D. Morely & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 25–46). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J. & Roberts, B.
(1978) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order (2nd edn.). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M.A.K.
(1971) Linguistic function and literary style: An inquiry into the language of William Golding’s The Inheritors . In S. Chatman (Ed.), Literary Style: A Symposium (pp. 330–368). London: OUP.Google Scholar
(1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Harcup, T.
(2004) Journalism: Principles and Practice. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Harcup, T. & O’Neill, D.
(2001) What is news? Galtung and Ruge revisited. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 261–280. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hardie, A. & McEnery, T.
(2010) On two traditions in corpus linguistics, and what they have in common. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(3), 384–394. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hart, A.
(1991) Understanding the Media: A Practical Guide. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hart, C.
(2011a) Force-interactive patterns in immigration discourse: A cognitive linguistic approach to CDA. Discourse & Society, 22(3), 269–286. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011b) Legitimizing assertions and the logico-rhetorical module: Evidence and epistemic vigilance in media discourse on immigration. Discourse Studies, 13(6), 751–769. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Event-construal in press reports of violence in two recent political protests. Journal of Language and Politics, 12(3), 400–423. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, K. & Young, J.
(2004) Cultural criminology: Some notes on the script. Theoretical Criminology, 8(3), 259–273. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Cultural criminology. In M. Maguire, R. Morgan & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (pp. 102–121). Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Helbig, G. & Buscha, J.
(2001) Deutsche Grammatik: Ein Handbuch für den Ausländerunterricht. Berlin: Langenscheidt.Google Scholar
Henley, N.M., Miller, M. & Beazley, J.A.
(1995) Syntax, semantics and sexual violence: Agency and the passive voice. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 14(1–2), 60–84. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Henley, N.M., Miller, M.D., Beazley, J.A., Nguyen, D.N., Kaminski, D. & Sanders, R.
(2002) Frequency and specificity of referents to violence in news reports of anti-gay attacks. Discourse & Society, 13(1), 75–104. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Henry, F. & Tator, C.
(2002) Discourse of Domination: Racial Bias in the Canadian English-language Press. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hoey, M.
(2005) Lexical Priming: A New Theory of Words and Language. Abingdon: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Lexical priming and literary creativity. In M. Hoey, M. Mahlberg, M. Stubbs & W. Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora (pp. 7–29). London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, S.
(2005) Grammaticalization and English Complex Prepositions: A Corpus-based Study. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hoyle, C. & Zedner, L.
(2007) Victims, victimization, and criminal justice. In M. Maguire, R. Morgan & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (pp. 461–495). Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Hughes, E.C.
(1945) Dilemmas and contradictions of status. American Journal of Sociology, 50(5 March), 353–359. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Humboldt, W. von
([1812] 2002) Werke in fünf Bänden, Band V (2nd edn.). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Hunston, S.
(2007) Semantic prosody revisited. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 12(2), 249–268. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Izadi, F. & Saghaye-Biria, H.
(2007) A discourse analysis of elite American newspaper editorials: The case of Iran’s nuclear program. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31(2), 140–165. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jäger, S.
(2001) Discourse and knowledge: Theoretical and methodological aspects of a critical discourse and dispositive ananlysis. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004) Kritische Diskursanalyse: Eine Einführung (4th edn.). Münster: Unrast-Verlag.Google Scholar
Jaworska, S. & Krishnamurthy, R.
(2012) On the F word: A corpus-based analysis of the media representation of feminism in British and German press discourse, 1990–2009. Language and Literature, 23(4), 401–431. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, T. & Shapland, J.
(1990) Criminal justice and the production of order and control: Trends since 1980 in the UK. Paper presented at the paper presented to GERN seminar on the production of order and control.
Jeffries, L.
(2000) Don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater: In defence of theoretical eclecticism in Stylistics. PALA, Occasional Papers, 12.Google Scholar
(2006) Discovering Language: The Structure of Modern English. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Textual Construction of the Female Body: A Critical Discourse Approach. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010a) Critical Stylistics. The Power of English. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010b) Opposition in Discourse: The Construction of Oppositional Meaning. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
(2014a) Critical stylistics. In M. Burke (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Stylistics (pp. 408–420). Millbank: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2014b) Interpretation. In P. Stockwell & S. Whiteley (Eds.), The Handbook of Stylistics (pp. 469–486). Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Forthcoming. Critical stylistics. In V. Sotirova (Ed.) A Companion to Stylistics London Bloomsbury Crossref
Jeffries, L. & McIntyre, D.
(2010) Stylistics. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jeffries, L. & Walker, B.
(2012) Keywords in the press: A critical corpus-assisted analysis of ideology in the Blair years (1998–2007). English Text Construction, 5(2), 208–229. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, L.C.
(2012) Norwegian petroleum extraction in Arctic waters to save the environment: Introducing ‘discourse co-optation’ as a new analytical term. Critical Discourse Studies, 9(1), 29–38. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jewkes, Y.
(2004a) The construction of crime news. In C. Greer (Ed.), Crime and Media: A Reader. Abingdon: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004b) Media & Crime. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Media & Crime (2nd edn.). London: Sage.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (2009) Crime and Media (Vol. 2). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S., Culpeper, J. & Suhr, S.
(2003a) From ‘Politically Correct Councillors’ to ‘Blairite Nonsense’: Discourses of ‘Political Correctness’ in three British newspapers. Discourse & Society, 14(1), 29–47. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S. & Suhr, S.
(2003b) From ‘Political Correctness’ to ‘Politische Korrektheit’: Discourses of ‘PC’ in the German newspaper Die Welt . Discourse & Society, 14(1), 49–68. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Julian, P.M.
(2011) Appraising through someone else’s words: The evaluative power of quotations in news reports. Discourse Society, 22(6), 766–780. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Katz, J.
(1987) What makes crime ‘news’? Media, Culture and Society, 9(1), 47–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, G.
(1998) An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Kenny, D.
(2000) Translators at play: Exploitations of collocational norms in German-English translation. In B. Dodd (Ed.), Working with German Corpora (pp. 143–160). Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press.Google Scholar
KhosraviNik, M.
(2009) The representation of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British newspapers during the Balkan conflict (1999) and the British general election (2005). Discourse & Society, 20(4), 477–498. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kilgarriff, A.
(2001) Comparing corpora. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 6(1), 97–133. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) Language is never, ever, ever, random. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 1(2), 263–275. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kitzinger, J.
(2009) Rape in the media. In M.A.H. Horvath & J.M. Brown (Eds.), Rape: Challenging Contemporary Thinking (pp. 74–98). Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kompisch, K. & Otto, F.
(2006) Teufel in Menschengestalt: Die Deutschen und ihre Serienmörder. Leipzig: Bastei Lübbe.Google Scholar
Kortmann, B.
(2005) English Linguistics: Essentials, Anglistik, Amerikanistik. Berlin: Cornelsen.Google Scholar
Kress, G. & Leeuwen, T. van
(1996) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. London: Hodder Arnold. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, C.J. & Hunter, R.D.
(2004) Dark Truths: Enter the Twisted World of the Serial Killer. London: Virgin Books.Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M.
(2003) Metaphors We Live By. Chicago IL: The University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G.
(1999) The distribution and function of vocatives in American and British English conversation. In H. Hasselgård & S. Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of Corpora: Studies in Honour of Stig Johansson (pp. 107–118). Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
(2011) The modals ARE declining: Reply to Neil Millar’s “Modal verbs in TIME: Frequency changes 1923–2006”, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 14:2 (2009), 191–220. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 16(4), 547–564. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G. & Short, M.
(1981) Style in Fiction. London: Longman.Google Scholar
(2007) Style in Fiction (2nd edn.). London: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Lemert, E.
(1951) Social Pathology: A Systematic Approach to the Theory of Sociopathic Behavior. New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lemnitzer, L. & Zinsmeister, H.
(2010) Korpuslinguistik: Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Levi, M., Maguire, M. & Brookman, F.
(2007) Violent crime. In M. Maguire, R. Morgan, & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (pp. 687–732). Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Levinson, S.C.
(1983) Pragmatics. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Lippmann, W.
(1922) Public Opinion. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Loader, I. & Sparks, R.
(2011) Public Criminology? Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Löbner, S.
(1985) Definites. Journal of Semantics, 4(4), 279–326. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Concept types and determination. Journal of Semantics, 28(3), 279–333. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lombroso, C.
(2006) Criminal Man. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lombroso, C. & Ferrero, G.
(2004) Criminal Women, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman. Durham NC: Duke University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Louw, B.
(1993) Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies. In M. Baker, G. Francis & E. Tognini-Bonelli (Eds.), Text and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair (157–176). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Machin, D.
(2007) Introduction to Multimodality. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Machin, D. & Mayr, A.
(2012) How to do Critical Discourse Analysis: A Multimodal Introduction. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Personalising crime and crime-fighting in factual television: An analysis of social actors and transitivity in language and images. Critical Discourse Studies, 10(4), 356–372. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mahlberg, M.
(2007) Clusters, key clusters and local textual functions in Dickens. Corpora, 2(1), 1–31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mahlberg, M. & McIntyre, D.
(2011) A case for corpus stylistics: Ian Fleming’s Casino Royal . English Text Construction, 4(2), 204–227. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mason, P.
(2006) Lies, distortion and what doesn’t work: Monitoring prison stories in the British media. Crime, Media, Culture, 2(3), pp. 251–267. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mautner, G.
(2005) Time to get wired: Using web-based corpora in critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 6(6), 809–828. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Checks and balances: How corpus linguistics can contribute to CDA. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd edn., pp. 122–143). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Mawby, R.I. & Walklate, S.
(1994) Critical Victimology: International Perspectives. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, M.
(2010) Limitations of corpora. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(3), 379–383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, A.
(2008) Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012)  Chopper: From the inside: Discourses of the ‘celebrity’ criminal Mark Brandon Read. Language and Literature, 21(3), 260–273. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, A. & Machin, D.
(2012) The Language of Crime and Deviance: An Introduction to Critical Linguistic Analysis in Media and Popular Culture. London: Continuum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mazid, B.-e. M.
(2007) Presuppositions and strategic functions in Bush’s 20/9/2001 speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Journal of Language and Politics, 6(3), 351–375. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McEnery, T.
(2006) Swearing in English: Bad Language, Purity and Power, 1586 to the Present. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Keywords and moral panics: Mary Whitehouse and media censorship. In D. Archer (Ed.), What’s in a Word-list? Investigating Word Frequency and Keyword Extraction (pp. 93–124). Surrey: Ashgate. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McEnery, T. & Wilson, A.
(1996) Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction (2nd edn.). Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. & Tono, Y.
(2006) Corpus-based Language Studies: An Advanced Resource Book. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
McGough, R.
(1979) Holiday on Death Row. London: Cape.Google Scholar
McIntyre, D.
(2010) Dialogue and characterization in Quentin Tarantino’s Reservoir Dogs: A corpus stylistic analysis. In D. McIntyre & B. Busse (Eds.), Language and Style (pp. 162–182). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
(2013) Corpora and literature. In C. Chappelle (Ed.), Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (pp. 1–6). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
McIntyre, D. & Walker, B.
(2010) How can corpora be used to explore the language of poetry and drama. In A. O’Keeffe & M. McCarthy (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics (pp. 516–530). Abingdon: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miers, D.
(1989) Positivist victimology: A critique. International Review of Victimology, 1(1), 3–22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Millar, N.
(2009) Modal verbs in TIME. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(2), 191–220. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miller, A.
(1983) Am Anfang war Erziehung. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch.Google Scholar
Moore, S.E.H.
(2014) Crime and the Media. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mulderrig, J.
(2011) The grammar of governance. Critical Discourse Studies, 8(1), 45–68. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) Manufacturing consent: A corpus-based critical discourse analysis of New Labour’s educational governance. Journal of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43(6), 562–578. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mythen, G.
(2007) Cultural victimology: Are we all victims now? In S. Walklate (Ed.), Handbook of Victims and Victimology (pp. 464–483). Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nahajec, L.
(2009) Negation and the creation of implicit meaning in poetry. Language and Literature, 18(2), 109–127. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Natarajan, M.
(Ed.) (2011) Crime Opportunity Theories. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Newburn, T.
(2007) Criminology. Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Halloran, K.
(2007) Corpus-assisted literary evaluation. Corpora, 2(1), 33–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Keefe, A., McCarthy, M.J. & Carter, R.A.
(2007) From Corpus to Classroom: Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Keeffe, A. & Breen, M.J.
(2007) At the hands of the brothers: A corpus-based lexico-grammatical analysis of stance in newspaper reporting of child sexual abuse cases. In J. Cotterill (Ed.), The Language of Sexual Crime (pp. 217–236). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Malley, P.
(2000) Risk societies and the government of crime. In M. Brown & J. Pratt (Eds.), Dangerous Offenders: Punishment & Social Order (pp. 17–33). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2010) Crime and Risk. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Oakes, M.P.
(1998) Statistics for Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh: EUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ohmann, R.
(1970a) Generative grammars and the concept of literary style. In Freeman, D.C. (Ed.), Linguistics and literary style (pp. 258–278). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
(1970b) Modes of order. In D.C. Freeman (Ed.), Linguistics and Literary Style (pp. 209–242). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
(1981) Speech, literature and the space between. In D.C. Freeman (Ed.), Essays in Modern Stylistics (pp. 361–376). London: Methuen & Co.Google Scholar
Page, R.
(2014) Counter narratives and controversial crimes: The Wikipedia article for the ‘Murder of Meredith Kercher’. Language and Literature, 23(1), 61–76. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Partington, A.
(2010) Modern diachronic corpus-assisted discourse studies (MD-CADS) on UK newspapers: An overview of the project. Corpora, 5(2), 83–108. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Parton, N. & O’Byrne, P.
(2000) Constructive Social Work: Towards a New Practice. Houndmills: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Peelo, M.
(2009) Framing homicide narratives in newspapers: Mediated witness and the construction of virtual victimhood. In Y. Jewkes (Ed.), Crime and Media (Vol. 2, pp. 143–157). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pfeiffer, C., Windzio, M. & Kleimann, M.
(2005) Media use and its impacts on crime perception, sentencing attitudes and crime policy. European Journal of Criminology, 2(3), 259–285. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, M.
(2001) Stereotyping: The Politics of Representation. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Pollex, N.
(2008) Definiteness marking in English and German: A constrastive study. Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück. http://​cogsci​.uni​-osnabrueck​.de​/~cl​/download​/BSc​_Pollex2008​.pdf
Quinney, R.
(1972) Who is the victim? Criminology, November, 309–329.Google Scholar
Quirk, R.
(1960) Towards a description of English usage. Transactions of the Philological Society, 40–61. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J.
(1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rasinger, S.M.
(2010) ‘Lithuanian migrants send crime rocketing’: Representation of ‘new’ migrants in regional print media. Media, Culture & Society, 32(6), 1021–1030. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rayson, P.
(2008) From key words to key semantic domains. Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 13(4), 519–549. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rayson, P., Berridge, D. & Francis, B.
(2004) Extending the Cochran rule for the comparison of word frequencies between corpora. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Statistical analysis of textual data (JADT 2004), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.Google Scholar
Rayson, P. & Garside, R.
(2000) Comparing corpora using frequency profiling. Paper presented at the 38th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2000). CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reeves, D.H. & Dunn, P.
(2010) The status of crime victims and witnesses in the twenty-first century. In A. Bottoms & J.V. Roberts (Eds.), Hearing the Victim: Adversarial Justice, Crime Victims and the State (pp. 46–71). Cullompton: Willan Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reiner, R.
(2007) Media-made criminality: The representation of crime in the mass media. In M. Maguire, R. Morgan, & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (pp. 302–337). Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Reiner, R., Livingstone, S. & Allen, J.
(2003) From law and order to lynch mobs: Crime news since the Second World War. In P. Mason (Ed.), Criminal Visions: Media Representations of Crime and Justice (pp. 13–32). Devon: Willan Publishing.Google Scholar
Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R.
(2009) The discourse-historical approach (DHA). In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd edn., pp. 87–121). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, J.E.
(2007) Analysing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rissanen, M.
(2012) Corpora and the study of English historical syntax. In M. Kytö (Ed.), English Corpus Linguistics: Crossing Paths (pp. 197–220). Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Rock, P.
(2004) Constructing Victim’s Rights: The Home Office, New Labour and Victims. Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rüger, B.
(2002) Test- und Schätztheorie (Vol. 2). Munich: R. Oldenbourg. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Russell, P., Johnson, G. & Garofano, L.
(2010) Darkness Descending: The Murder of Meredith Kercher. London: Simon & Schuster UK.Google Scholar
Ryan, M.
(1991) Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence and Narrative Theory. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Saussure, F. de
(1986) Course in General Linguistics. Chicago, IL: Open Court.Google Scholar
Schegloff, E.
(1999a) Naivete vs sophistication or discipline vs self-indulgence: A rejoinder to Billig. Discourse & Society, 10(4), 577–578. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1999b) Schegloff’s texts as Billig’s data: A critical reply. Discourse & Society, 10(4), 558–572. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schiffrin, D.
(1994) Approaches to Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, D.
(2005) Natural Born Celebrities: Serial Killers in American Culture. Chicago IL: The University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Scott, M.
(2002) Picturing the key words of a very large corpus and their lexical upshots or getting at the Guardian’s view of the world. In B. Kettemann & G. Marko (Eds.), Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis (pp. 43–50). Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004) WordSmith Tools, version 4. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
(2009) In search of a bad reference corpus. In D. Archer (Ed.), What’s in a Word-list? Investigating Word Frequency and Keyword Extraction (pp. 79–91). Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Scott, M. & Tribble, C.
(2006) Textual Patterns: Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Semino, E.
(1997) Language and World Creation in Poems and Other Texts. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Semino, E. & Short, M.
(2004) Corpus Stylistics: Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation in a Corpus of English Writing. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Shi-xu
(2005) A Cultural Approach to Discourse. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Short, M.
(1996) Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose. Essex: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
(2007) Thought presentation 25 years on. Style, 41(2), 227–257.Google Scholar
(2009) Language in Literature: Stylistics. In J. Culpeper, F. Katamba, P. Kerswill, R. Wodak, & T. McEnery (Eds.), English Language: Description, Variation and Context (pp. 464–476). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) Discourse presentation and speech (and writing, but not thought) summary. Language and Literature, 21(1), 18–32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, P.
(1993) Language, Ideology and Point of View. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, P. & Mayr, A.
(2010) Language and Power: A Resource Book for Students. London: Routlegde. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, J.
(1991) Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1997) Corpus evidence in language description. In A. Wichmann, S. Fligelstone, T. McEnery, & G. Knowles (Eds.), Teaching and Language Corpora. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman.Google Scholar
(1998) The lexical item. In E. Weigand (Ed.), Contrastive Lexical Semantics (pp. 1–24). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Reading Concordances: An Introduction. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
(2004) Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Slobin, D.I.
(1994) Crosslinguistic aspects of child language acquisition. In J. Daigaku (Ed.), Sophia Linguistica Working Papers in Linguistics (Vol. 35, pp. 2–80). Tokyo: Tokyo University.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (1997) The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition: Expanding the Contexts (Vol. 5). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Smith, N. & McEnery, T.
(1998) Issues in transcribing a corpus of children’s handwritten projects. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 13(4), 217–225. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Spitzmüller, J. & Warnke, I.H.
(2011) Diskurslinguistik: Eine Einführung in Theorien und Methoden der transtextuallen Sprachanalyse. Berlin: de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stanko, E.
(2000) Naturalising danger: Women, fear and personal safety. In M. Brown & J. Pratt (Eds.), Dangerous Offenders: Punishment & Social Order (pp. 147–163). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stelzl, I.
(1982) Fehler und Fallen der Statistik für Psychologen, Pädagogen und Sozialwissenschaftler. Münster: Waxmann. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stockwell, P. & Whiteley, S.
(Eds.) (2014) The Handbook of Stylistics. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, M.
(1996) Text and Corpus Analysis. Computer-assisted Studies of Language and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1997) Whorf’s children: Critical comments on Critical Discours Analysis (CDA). In A. Ryan & A. Wray (Eds.), Evolving Models of Language: Papers from the Annual Meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics held at the University of Wales, Swansea, September 1996 (pp. 100–116). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
(2001) Words and Phrases. Corpus Studies of Lexical Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) Conrad in the computer: Examples of quantitative stylistic methods. Language and Literature, 14(1), 5–24. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Suhr, S. & Johnson, S.
(2003) Re-visiting ‘PC’: Introduction to special issue on ‘political correctness’. Discourse & Society, 14(1), 5–16. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Surette, R.
(1998) Media, Crime, and Criminal Justice: Images and Realities (2nd edn.). Belmont: Wadsworth. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) The entertainment media and the social construction of crime and justice. In Y. Jewkes (Ed.), Crime and Media: Media Representations of Crime and Criminal Justice (Vol. 2, pp. 239–268). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Svartvik, J.
(1996) Corpora are becoming mainstream. In J. Thomas & M. Short (Eds.), Using Corpora for Language Research (pp. 3–13). Essex: Longman.Google Scholar
Tabbert, U.
(2010) Review of Language and power: An introduction to institutional discourse, Edited by A. Mayr 2008 London: Continuum. Language and Literature, 19(2), 224–226. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) Crime through a corpus: The linguistic construction of offenders in the British press. In C. Gregoriou (Ed.), Constructing Crime: Discourse and Cultural Representations of Crime and ‘Deviance’ (pp. 130–144). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Crime through a Corpus: The Linguistic Construction of Offenders, Victims and Crimes in the German and UK Press. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Huddersfield. http://​eprints​.hud​.ac​.uk​/id​/eprint​/18078Google Scholar
Tannenbaum, F.
(1938) Crime and the Community. New York, NY: Ginn & Co.Google Scholar
Taylor, S.
(2008) Outside the outsiders: Media representations of drug use. Probation Journal, 55(4), 369–387. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Teo, P.
(2000) Racism in the news: A critical discourse analysis of news reporting in two Australian newspapers. Discourse & Society, 11(1), 7–49. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Teubert, W.
(2005) My version of corpus linguistics. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 10(1), 1–13. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, J.
(1995) Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. Essex: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.B.
(1984) Studies in the Theory of Ideology. Berkeley CA: University of California Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tierney, J.
(2010) Criminology: Theory and Context (3rd edn.). Harlow: Person Education.Google Scholar
Timor, U. & Weiss, J.M.
(2008) Sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic indications of behavior disorders: Analysis of a prisoner’s discourse. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(1), 112–126. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tognini-Bonelli, E.
(2001) Corpus Linguistics at Work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ungerer, F. & Schmid, H.-J.
(2006) An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics (2nd edn.). Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Van Dijk, T.A.
(1985) Structures of news in the press. In T.A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse and Communication (pp. 69–93). Berlin: De Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1988) News as Discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
(1993) Elite Discourse and Rasicm. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2003) The discourse-knowledge interface. In G. Weiss & R. Wodak (Eds.), Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
(2006) Discourse and manipulation. Discourse & Society, 17(3), 359–383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Critical discourse studies: A sociocognitive approach. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd edn., pp. 62–86). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Critical discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H.E. Hamilton (Eds.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis (pp. 352–371). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
(2011) Discourse studies and hermeneutics. Discourse Studies, 13(5), 609–621. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Van Leeuwen, T.
(1996) The representation of social actors. In C.R. Caldas-Coulthard & M. Coulthard (Eds.), Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 32–70). London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Discourse as the recontextualization of social practice: A guide. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd edn., pp. 144–161). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Viana, V., Zyngier, S. & Barnbrook, G.
(Eds.) (2011) Perspectives on Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, P.
(1986) Mugging as a moral panic: A question of proportion. British Journal of Sociology, 37(2), 245–259. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Walker, B.
(2010) Wmatrix, key concepts and the narrators in Julian Barnes’s Talking It Over . In D. McIntyre & B. Busse (Eds.), Language and Style: In Honour of Mick Short (pp. 364–387). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Walklate, S.
(2007a) Imagining the Victim of Crime. Maidenhead: Open University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007b) Understanding Criminology: Current Theoretical Debates (3rd edn.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, G. & Wodak, R.
(Eds.) (2003) Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Werth, P.
(1999) Text Worlds: Representing Conceptual Space in Discourse. Harlow: Pearson Education. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Whorf, B.L.
(1956) Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf, J.B. Carroll (Ed.). New York, NY: Wiley. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Widdowson, H.
(1995a) Discourse analysis: A critical view. Language and Literature, 4(3), 157–172. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1995b) Review of Fairclough: Discourse and social change . Applied Linguistics, 16(4), 510–516. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1996) Reply to Fairclough: Discourse and interpretation: Conjectures and refutations. Language and Literature, 5(1), 57–69. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1998) The theory of practice of critical discourse analysis. Applied Linguistics, 19(1), 136–151. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wilks, S.S.
(1962) Mathematical Statistics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Williams, B.
(2005) Victims of Crime and Community Justice. London: Jessica Kingsley. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wodak, R.
(2001) What CDA is about – a summary of its history, important concepts and its developments. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2006) Mediation between discourse and society: Assessing cognitive approaches in CDA. Discourse Studies, 8(1), 179–190. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Turning the tables: Anti-semitic discourse in post-war Austria. In T. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse Studies (Vol. V, pp. 250–375). London: Sage.Google Scholar
(2012) Language, power and identity. Language Teaching, 45(2), 215–233. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wodak, R. & Meyer, M.
(2009) Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, B.
(1957) The log-likelihood ratio test (the G-test). Annals of Human Genetics, 21(4), 397–409. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wright, M.
(2008a) Making Good: Prisons, Punishment and Beyond. Hook: Waterside Press.Google Scholar
(2008b) Restoring Respect for Justice (2nd edn.). Hook: Waterside Press.Google Scholar
Xiao, Z. & McEnery, T.
(2005) Two approaches to genre analysis: Three genres in modern American English. Journal of English Linguistics, 33(1), 62–82. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, H., Chilton, P., He, Y. & Jing, W.
(2011) Critique across cultures: Some questions for CDA. Critical Discourse Studies, 8(2), 95–107. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Erratum

Erratum

Due to a mishap in the first printing of Crime and Corpus, Figure 6.1 on Page 92 contained a number of black circles, obscuring the text. Here is the page with the figure as it should be.

Subjects & Metadata

Communication Studies

Communication Studies

Linguistics

Corpus linguistics
Discourse studies
Pragmatics

Literature & Literary Studies

Theoretical literature & literary studies
BIC Subject: CFG – Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General
ONIX Metadata
ONIX 2.1
ONIX 3.0
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2014047075 | Marc record