Chapter 9
A social landscape
Form and style in an Edith Wharton short story
The beginning of Edith Wharton’s short story “The day of the funeral” rightly lays claim to being one of the most powerful openings in the genre. The first two paragraphs (139 words) foreshadow the content and tone of the entire story, a critique of patriarchal society. They also exemplify the richly implicational mode of writing employed by Wharton, displaying the myriad of foregrounding devices the author uses to achieve her goals, one major objective being that of positioning the reader to evaluate negatively the main (male) character, the ‘representative’ of the callous male world portrayed by the story. A close reading of the first two paragraphs is offered to illustrate these points.
Article outline
- 1.Background to Edith Wharton and “The day of the funeral”
- 2.Objectives and method
- 3.The opening two paragraphs
- 3a.The first paragraph
- 3b.The second paragraph
- 4.Confirmation
- 5.Conclusion
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
References (35)
References
Beer, J. 1999. Introduction. In “The reckoning” and Other Stories, E. Wharton, J. Beer (ed.). London: Phoenix.
Coates, J. 1986. Women, Men and Language. London: Longman.
Conte, M. -E. 1996. Anaphoric encapsulation. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 10: 1–10. Special issue Coherence and Anaphora, W. De Mulder & L. Tasmowski (eds).
Cortese, G. (ed.). 1992. Her/His Speechways: Gender Perspectives in English. Torino: Cortina.
Dam, L. 2014. The interpretation of encapsulating anaphors in Spanish and their functions. Folia Linguistica 48(1): 37–60.
Douthwaite, J. 2000. Towards a Linguistic Theory of Foregrounding. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.
Douthwaite, J. 2004. “In my beginning is my end”: A stylistic investigation into James Joyce’s “A Mother”. Letterature straniere &: Quaderni della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere dell’Università degli Studi di Cagliari 6: 75–96.
Douthwaite, J. 2007. A stylistic view of modality. In Linguistica, linguaggi specialistici, didattica della lingua: Studi in onore di Leo Schena, G. Garzone & R. Salvi (eds), 107–156. Rome: CISU.
Gilbert, S. & Gubar, S. 1984. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
Grice, P. 1991. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Grudin, P. 1977. Jane and the other Mrs. Rochester: Excess and restraint in Jane Eyre
. NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 10(2): 145–157.
Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Halliday, M. A. K. & Matthiessen, C. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
Jeffries, L. & McIntyre, D. 2010. Stylistics. Cambridge: CUP.
Jespersen, O. 1922. Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin. London: Allen & Unwin.
Kern, S. 2011. The Modernist Novel: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: CUP.
Lakoff, R. 1973. Language and woman’s place. Language in Society 2(1): 45–80.
Levinson, S. C. 2000. Presumptive Meanings. Cambridge: CUP.
Lyons, J. 1968. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP.
Malcolm, D. 2012. Breaches of realist conventions in Edith Wharton’s short fiction. Journal of the Short Story in English 58: 45–58.
Morantz, R. & Zschoche, S. 1980. Professionalism, feminism, and gender roles: A comparative study of nineteenth-century medical therapeutics. The Journal of American History 63(3): 568–88.
O’Barr, W. E. & Atkins, W. K. 1992. “Women’s language” or “powerless language”? In Her/His Speechways: Gender Perspectives in English, G. Cortese (ed.), 61–78. Torino: Cortina.
Rich, C. 2004. Fictions of colonial anxiety: Edith Wharton’s “The seed of the faith” and “A bottle of Perrier’”. Journal of the Short Story in English 43: 59–74.
Romagnolo, C. 2015. Opening Acts: Narrative Beginnings in Twentieth-Century Feminist Fiction. Lincoln NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Semino, E. & Short, M. 2004. Corpus Stylistics: Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation in a Corpus of English Writing. London: Routledge.
Shklovsky, V. 1965. Art as technique. In Russian Formalist Criticism: Four Essays, L. Lemon & M. Reis (eds). Lincoln NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Short, M. 1983. Stylistics and the teaching of literature. In Teaching Literature Overseas: Language-Based Approaches, C. J. Brumfit (ed.), 67–84. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Short, M. 1996. Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose. London: Longman.
Skillern, R. 1995. Becoming a good girl. In The Cambridge Companion to Edith Wharton, M. Bell (ed.), 117–136. Cambridge: CUP.
Uspensky, B. 1970[1973]. A Poetics of Composition. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
Vita-Finzi, P. 1990. Edith Wharton and the Art of Fiction. London: Pinter.
Wharton, E. 1920. Henry James in his letters. Quarterly Review 234.
Wharton, E. 1924[1977]. The Writing of Fiction. New York NY: Touchstone.
Wharton, E. 1999. The day of the funeral. In “The reckoning” and Other Stories, E. Wharton, J. Beer (ed.), 198–218. London: Phoenix.
Wheeler, K. 1998. A Critical Guide to Twentieth-Century Women Novelists. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Adnan Mohamed, Zahraa & Eman Adil Jaafar
2023.
An ecostylistic analysis of selected extracts from Michael Punke’s novel
The Revenant
.
Cogent Arts & Humanities 10:1
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.