Chapter 10
The Rolling Stones promoting Monty Python
The power of irony and banter
Based on Text World Theory, this chapter offers a fine-grained analysis of how irony and banter are likely to be processed by viewers watching a promotional video but also highlights the pragmatic functions of such an indirect strategy. It dissects a 1:40 tongue-in-cheek video which served as an introduction to the 2014
Monty Python Live (Mostly) press conference. It features Mick Jagger accusing the coming troupe of being “wrinkly old men trying to relive their youth”, using irony and banter as powerful means of promotion. Bringing together different theoretical frameworks of irony that are usually described as competing, this chapter highlights how expectations are twisted in the “text-world” of the video through the use of (mock) dramatic irony, generating pragmatic paradoxes.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.
Dramatic irony in the Text World
- 2.1Twisted expectations
- 2.2Incongruous subject positions
- 3.Processing irony and banter
- 3.1
Mock dramatic irony
- 3.2Irony and banter
- 4.The pragmatic functions of irony
- 4.1
Echoic
relevance
- 4.2Two birds (at least) with one stone
- 5.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
References
-
Appendix
References (53)
References
Attardo, Salvatore. 2000. Irony as relevant inappropriateness. Journal of Pragmatics 32: 793–826.
Barbe, Katharina. 1993. Isn’t it ironic that…? Explicit irony markers. Journal of Pragmatics 20: 578–590.
Barbe, Katharina. 1995. Irony in Context [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 34]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bednarek, M. 2012. The Language of Fictional Television. Drama and Identity. London: Continuum.
Black, Elizabeth. 2006. Pragmatic Stylistics. Edinburgh: EUP.
Booth, Wayne. 1974. A Rhetoric of Irony. Chicago IL: Chicago University Press.
Clark, Herbert & Gerrig, Richard. 1984. On the pretense theory of irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113(1): 121–126.
Culpeper, Jonathan. 2011. Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offense. Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, Jonathan & Haugh, Michael. 2014. Pragmatics and the English Language. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dews, Shelly, Kaplan, Joan & Winner, Ellen. 2007. Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony. In Irony in Language and Thought. A Cognitive Science Reader, Raymond W. Gibbs & Herbert L. Colston (eds), 297–317. New York NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dynel, Marta. 2009. Beyond a joke: Types of conversational humour. Language and Linguistics Compass 3(5): 1284–1299.
Dynel, Marta. 2011. “You talking to me?” The viewer as a ratified listener to film discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 43: 1628–1644.
Dynel, Marta. 2014. Isn’t it ironic? Defining the scope of humorous irony. Humor. International Journal of Humor Research 27(4): 619–639.
Gavins, Joanna. 2007. Text World Theory: An Introduction. Edinburgh: EUP.
Gavins, Joanna & Lahey, Ernestine. 2016. World building in discourse. In World Building. Discourse in the Mind, Joanna Gavins & Ernestine Lahey (eds), 1–13. London: Bloomsbury.
Gibbs, Raymond W. 1994. The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language and Understanding. Cambridge: CUP.
Gibbs, Raymond W. 2002. A new look at literal meaning in understanding what is said and implicated. Journal of Pragmatics 34: 457–486.
Gibbs, Raymond W., O’Brien, Jennifer & Doolittle, Shelley. 1995. Inferring meanings that are not intended: Speakers’ intentions and irony comprehension. Discourse Processes 20: 187–203.
Giora, Rachel. 1995. On irony and negation. Discourse Processes 19: 239–264.
Giora, Rachel. 1997. Discourse coherence and the theory of relevance: Stumbling blocks in search of a unified theory. Journal of Pragmatics 27: 17–34.
Giora, Rachel. 2003. On Our Mind: Salience, Context, and Figurative Language. Oxford: OUP.
Giora, Rachel & Fein, Ofer. 1999. On understanding familiar and less familiar figurative language. Journal of Pragmatics 31: 1601–1618.
Giora, Rachel, Fein, Ofer, Laadan, Dafna, Wolfson, Jon, Zeituny, Michal, Kidrons, Ran, Kaufman, Ronnie & Shaham, Ronit. 2007. Expecting irony: Context vs. salience-based effects. Metaphor and Symbol 22(2): 119–146.
Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Grice, Herbert Paul. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Syntax and Semantics, Vol. III: Speech Acts, Peter Cole & Jerry L. Morgan (eds), 41–58. New York NY: Academic Press.
Grice, Herbert Paul. 1991. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Holmes, Janet. 2000. Politeness, power and provocation: How humour functions in the workplace. Discourse Studies 2(2): 159–185.
House of Cards. 2013-2015. Seasons 1-3. Network: Netflix. Writers: Beau Willimon, Michael Dobbs, Andrew Davies (among others). Directors: Robin Wright, David Fincher, James Foley, Joel Schumacher, Charles McDougall.
Hutcheon, Linda. 1994. Irony’s Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. London: Routledge.
Johnson, Kim “Howard”. 1999. The First 280 Years of the Monty Python. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books.
Kumon-Nakamura, Sachi, Glucksberg, Sam & Brown, Mary. 2007. How about another piece of pie: The Allusional Pretense Theory of Discourse Irony. In Irony in Language and Thought. A Cognitive Science Reader, Raymond W. Gibbs & Herbert L. Colston (eds), 57–95. New York NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1977. Language and Tact [Series A, Paper No. 46]. Trier: Linguistic Agency University of Trier. (Reprinted with revisions in Leech, Geoffrey. 1980. Exploration in Semantics and Pragmatics [Pragmatics & Beyond I:5], 79-117. Amsterdam: John Benjamins).
Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
Leech, Geoffrey. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford: OUP.
Lugea, Jane. 2013. Embedded dialogue and dreams: The worlds and accessibility relations of Inception
. Language and Literature 22(2): 133–153.
Marszalek, Agnes. 2016. The humorous worlds of film comedy. In World Building. Discourse in the Mind, Joanna Gavins & Ernestine Lahey (eds), 203–219. London: Bloomsbury.
Morini, Massimiliano. 2016. Irony in Dickens’ Nicholas Nickleby: Rhetoric, pragmatics, voice and point of view. In The Bloomsbury Companion to Stylistics, Violeta Sotirova (ed.), 553–566. London: Bloomsbury.
Muecke, Douglas Colin. 1969. The Compass of Irony. London: Methuen.
Norrick, Neal R. 1993. Conversational Joking: Humor in Everyday Talk. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
O’Keeffe, Anne. 2006. Investigating Media Discourse. London: Routledge.
Partington, Alan. 2007. Irony and reversal of evaluation. Journal of Pragmatics 39: 1547–1569.
Peleg, Orna, Giora, Rachel & Fein, Ofer. 2008. Resisting contextual information: You can’t put a salient meaning down. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 4: 13–44.
Schegloff, Emanuel Abraham. 1982. Discourse as interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘uh huh’ and other things that come between sentences. In Analyzing Discourse. Text and Talk, Deborah Tannen (ed.), 71–93. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Shelley, Cameron. 2001. The bicoherence theory of situational irony. Cognitive Science 25: 775–818.
Sperber, Dan & Deirdre, Wilson. 1981. Irony and the use-mention distinction. In Radical Pragmatics, Peter Cole (ed.), 295–318. New York NY: Academic Press.
Stockwell, Peter. 2002. Cognitive Poetics, An Introduction. London: Routledge.
Utsumi, Akira. 2000. Verbal irony as implicit display of ironic environment: Distinguishing ironic utterances from nonirony. Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1777–1806.
Wilson, Deirdre & Sperber, Dan. 1992. On verbal irony. Lingua 87: 53–76.
Wilson, Deirdre. 2006. The pragmatics of verbal irony: Echo or pretence? Lingua 116: 1722–1743.
Werth, Paul. 1999. Text Worlds: Representing Conceptual Space in Discourse. London: Longman.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Statham, Simon & Rocío Montoro
2019.
The year’s work in stylistics 2018.
Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 28:4
► pp. 354 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.