In this article, I present findings from studies completed with children who speak nonmainstream dialects of English, including African American English as spoken in LA, MI, and the Gullah/Geechee Corridor of SC and Southern White English as spoken in rural LA by children with and without Cajun influence. Using these studies, I describe some of the ways in which typically developing child speakers of various nonmainstream dialects differ from each other and some of the ways in which nonmainstream English-speaking children with specific language impairment differ from their same dialect-speaking, typically developing peers. I conclude that profiles of typicality and impairment are not the same – the latter contributes a more restricted range of variation than the former.
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