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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 19:3 (2018) ► pp.395–409

漢語動詞雙音化過程中的形式選擇和功能表現 (Patterns and functions of verbal disyllabification)

| Peking University
以往文獻對於漢語詞彙雙音化中具體是什麼樣的雙音形式替代了什麼樣的單音形式及其中的選擇規律缺乏研究。本文以動詞的雙音化為考察對象，重點討論的是動賓式和動補式這兩種雙音複合模式與單音形式之間的對應規律，發現雙音化時不同的形式選擇與原單音動詞不同的詞彙語義特徵有關。不包含內在終結點的動詞雙音化時，傾向於選擇動賓式。動賓式雙音複合詞和原來的單音動詞形式相比，有的是增加了動詞部分，很多情況下增加的是輕動詞，原單音動詞變為賓語，可以轉類為名詞而成為名詞性賓語，也可以仍然保持動詞性而充當謂詞性賓語；有的是增加了賓語部分，或者是增加一個原單音動詞詞彙語義中本就包含的受事成分作賓語，或者是增加一個環境論元作賓語；還有的是採用了與原來的單音動詞完全沒有相同之處的動賓形式。包含內在終結點的動詞在雙音化時傾向於選擇動補式，詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態比較顯著的單音動詞傾向於在前面添加一個動詞來構成動補式雙音詞，而詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態不顯著的則傾向於添加一個虛化的補語來構成動補式雙音詞。內部結構不同的雙音形式對應不同的功能特徵。
Keywords: 雙音化, 詞彙化, 動詞, 詞彙史
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.不包含內在終結點的動詞雙音化時的形式選擇和功能特徵
    • 2.1添加表示動作行為的動詞以構成動賓式雙音詞
    • 2.2添加賓語性成分以構成動賓式雙音詞
    • 2.3動賓式雙音詞的兩個部分都與原來的單音詞不同
    • 2.4動賓式雙音動詞的功能特徵
  • 3.內部包含終結點的單音動詞雙音化時的形式選擇和功能特徵
    • 3.1前面添加表示動作行為的成分以構成動補式複合詞
    • 3.2後面添加一個虛化的補語成分以構成動補式複合詞
    • 3.3全新的動補形式代替原來的單音動詞
    • 3.4動補式複合動詞的功能特徵
  • 4.結語
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 4 July 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00014.don
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