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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 19:3 (2018) ► pp.410–438

邢臺話「了1」的兩個變體 (The verbal-LE variants in Xingtai dialect)

| Peking University

河北邢臺話的動後時體詞「了1」有兩個語音形式：強變體「咾 [lau]」和弱變體「囒 [læ͊]」，二者在很大程度上是條件變體。經考察，漢語「了1」的使用受制於謂語的整體屬性（現實性狀況、話語地位）和謂語的構件屬性（賓語類型、動詞類型）兩大類語法因素，而邢臺話「了1」兩變體的分佈同樣受制於這些因素：謂語的整體屬性決定「了1」兩變體分佈的基本格局，謂語的構件屬性決定既定的「咾」或「囒」可換為另一變體的特殊情況。各項語法因素制約「了1」變體的作用強度存在一個優先等級「現實性狀況＞話語地位＞賓語類型＞動詞類型」。最重要的是，「了1」兩變體的分佈呈現出一個顯著的態勢：某語法環境中「了1」的句法自由度越高，則越排斥強變體「咾」、越接受弱變體「囒」。由此可對其他方言「了1」變體的分佈態勢提出多項理論預測，該現象也反映出北方漢語的「了1」是一個複雜的語法異質語素。本文「了1」的語法分析範式應有助於深入發掘漢語方言「了1」語素的事實，並推進對多項理論問題的認識。

Keywords: 了1 , 條件變體, 語法因素, 北方方言, 語法異質
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.「了1」分佈的語法環境
  • 3.制約「了1」變體的語法因素
    • 3.0概述
    • 3.1謂語的整體屬性：確立兩變體的分佈格局
      • 3.1.1現實性狀況：首要因素
      • 3.1.2句法地位：次要因素
    • 3.2謂語的構件屬性：決定兩變體的替換特例
      • 3.2.1賓語類型：再次因素
      • 3.2.2動詞類型：最次因素
    • 3.3話語地位：句法地位背後的真正因素
      • 3.3.1「了2」和「非了2」的分界
      • 3.3.2句末助詞與話語功能的關聯
      • 3.3.3話語地位與句法地位的歸一
    • 3.4小結
  • 4.「了1」兩變體的語義差異
  • 5.結語
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 4 July 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00015.fan
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