Article published in:
The interface of semantics & etymology, morpho-syntax, and pragmatics in ChineseEdited by Jeeyoung Peck
[Language and Linguistics 20:2] 2019
► pp. 131–147
韓漢同源說的問題與韓漢語言關係 [The problem of the affinity between Korean and Chinese and the relation of the two languages]
Ik-sang Eom嚴翼相 |
漢陽大學
Hanyang University
有些韓語固有詞與對應的上古漢語詞類似。譬如,
表示「風」的韓語固有詞param和「風」字的漢語上古音*prəm類似。一些學者認爲這些韓漢類似詞一定是從同一詞源發展而來,提出韓漢同源說,主張韓語和漢語屬於同一語系。本文將從微觀和宏觀的視角探討該學說是否妥當,並指出韓漢同源說存在的一些問題。本文還將根據陳保亞(1996)的理論,考察了韓漢類似詞在Swadesh
(1952; 1955)的100核心詞(第一階詞)和200核心詞減除100核心詞(第二階詞)裏出現的數量。發現第一階核心詞目錄裏主要有「吾、汝、人、男、葉、眼、牙、街、白」等9個韓漢類似詞,第二階核心詞目錄裏也有「日(天)、其、腿、老、江、聞、轉、洗、風」等9個類似詞。韓漢類似詞的數量在第一階詞目錄和第二階詞目錄裏幾乎完全相同,分佈曲線趨向平直。陳保亞認為少數類似詞分佈曲線不上不下,走向平直就表明兩種語言為接觸關係。因此本文將論證韓語和漢語不是親屬關係而是接觸關係。
Keywords: 同源詞, 借詞, 固有韓語, 上古漢語, 語系, 核心詞
Keywords: cognate, loan word, indigenous Korean, Old Chinese, language family, Swadesh list
Published online: 05 April 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00036.eom
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00036.eom
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