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Language and Linguistics
Vol. 20:3 (2019) ► pp.417–450

古藏文的系動詞

| Sun Yat-sen University
7–10 世紀的吐蕃古藏文中具有 yin 和 lags 兩個系動詞，同時兩者還語法化為表達時體功能的助動詞。語用上，前者用於統稱，後者用於敬稱。句法上，系動詞在肯定性的陳述句中並非強制性的，而是可選性的，但當處於否定句，以及含有對比焦點時，往往不可省略。lags 的敬語功能使其通常用於他稱的語境中，這種句法環境和語用功能使其逐步獲得了「敘實」的示證意義。在此基礎上，經由語用推理，yin 便獲得了「向自我」的示證意義。後世大多數藏語支語言系動詞所表達的示證系統即在此基礎上發展而來。yin和 lags 在句法上的非強制性特徵，在其他藏緬語中也有表現，可以作為分析古藏文此類句法現象的有力佐證。
Keywords: 古藏文, 系動詞, 示證範疇, 向自我, 語法化
Article outline
  • 1.緒論
    • 1.1系動詞的定義和功能
    • 1.2古藏文系動詞研究綜述
    • 1.3既有研究之不足與本文框架
  • 2.古藏文系動詞的形態句法特徵
    • 2.1lags的形態句法特徵
      • 2.1.1lags作系動詞
      • 2.1.2lags 作時體助動詞
      • 2.1.3lags向敬語助詞變化
    • 2.2系動詞yin的形態句法特徵
      • 2.2.1yin 作系動詞
      • 2.2.2yin作時體助動詞
    • 2.3yin、lags和'o功能關係
  • 3.yin和’o詞源初探
    • 3.1yin的詞源初探
    • 3.2’o的詞源初探
  • 4.與古藏文系動詞分布相似的其他藏緬語
  • 5.結語
  • 謝辭
  • 笔记
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

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Article language: Chinese

Published online: 14 July 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00039.sha
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