Enunciative identity and individual representation of rape
Martine Batt | Interpsy, EA 4432. Lorraine University, France
A total of 316 cases of forensic psychological assessment for sexual assaults were analyzed for plaintiffs over 15 years of age. The assessments were conducted between 2008 and 2014 in the presence of the same expert psychologist. The analyses clearly highlight the role of others in the act of filing a complaint. Therefore, the enunciations of the complaint were carefully examined in order to clarify the status of others. The Alterity can be observed in the speech of victims. The psychological assessment interview cannot be reduced to a dialogue in praesentia; in fact, another dialogue is brought to light. The latter falls within internal processes which, in turn, distinguish between two main types of plaintiffs: those who present themselves spontaneously to judicial authorities and the others.
References (61)
Alaggia, Ramona, and Jennifer V. Turton. 2005. “Against the Odds: The Impact of Woman Abuse on Maternal Response to Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 14 (4): 95–113.
Alaggia, Ramona, Tahany M. Gadalla, Aaron Shlonsky, Angelique Jenney, and Joanne Daciuk. 2013. “Does Differential Response Make a Difference: Examining Domestic Violence Cases in Child Protection Services.” Child & Family Social Work 201: 83–95.
Amnesty International U.K. (2005). Sexual Assault Research Summary Report. Available at [URL]
Anscombre, Jean-Claude, and Oswald Ducrot. 1983. L’argumentation dans la langue. Bruxelles: Mardaga.
Authier-Revuz, Jacqueline. 1984. “Hétérogénéités énonciatives.” Langages 731: 98–111.
Bakhtin, Mikhaïl. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhaïl Mikhaïlovitch. 1984. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhaïl. 1986. Speech Genre and Other Late Essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Barillon, Jacques, and Paul Bensussan. 2004. Le désir criminel. Paris: Odile Jacob.
Bessoles, Philippe. 2008. Viol et identité. Un génocide individuel. Paris: MJW édition.
Bouzidi, Houda. 2008. Le viol et ses conséquences traumatiques sur la femme algérienne. Etude de trois cas clinique au centre d’accueil des femmes victimes de violence et qui sont en détresse. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Université de Constantine, Algérie.
Breitenbecher, Kelly H. 2001. “Sexual Revictimization among Women. A Review of the Literature Focusing on Empirical Investigations.” Agression and Violent Behavior 61: 415–432.
Breslau, Naomi, Glenn C. Davis, Patricia Andreski, and Edward Peterson. 1991. “Traumatic Events and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults.” Archives of General Psychiatry 481: 216–222.
Briere, John, and Marsha Runtz. 1993. “Childhood Sexual Abuse: Long-term Sequelae and Implications for Psychological Assessment.” Journal of Interpersonnal Violence 8 (3): 312–330.
Carel, Marion, and Oswald Ducrot. 2009. “Mise au point sur la polyphonie.” Langue française 4 (164): 33–43.
Coutanceau, Roland. 2010. Les blessures de l’intimité. Paris: Odile Jacob.
Cormon, Véronique. 2002. “Viols et métamorphoses.” Journal international de victimologie. Available at [URL]
Darmanin, Janine. 1995. “Victime de viol/ victime d’inceste.” Forensic: Revue de psychiatrie légale 91: 45–48.
Darves-Bonoz, Jean-Michel. 1996. Syndromes traumatiques du viol et de l’inceste. Congrès de psychiatrie et de neurologie de langue française. Toulon: Masson.
Darves-Bonoz, Jean-Michel, Jean-Pierre Lépine, F. Pierre, Andrée Degiovanni, and Philippe Gaillard. 1998. “Screening for Psychologically Traumatized Rape Victims.” European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 771: 71–75.
Ducrot, Oswald. 1984. Le dire et le dit. Paris: Editions de minuit.
Dupont, Mélanie, Paul Messerschmitt, Gilbert Vila, Dominique Bohu, and Caroline Rey-Salmon. 2014. “Le processus de révélation dans les agressions sexuelles intrafamiliales et extrafamiliales sur mineurs.” Annales Médico-psychologiques 1721: 426–431.
Eyssel, Friederike, and Gerd Bohner. 2001. “Schema Effects of Rape Myth Acceptance on Judgments of Guilt and Blame in Rape Cases: The Role of Perceived Entitlement to Judge.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 261: 1579–1605.
Ferrão, Maria-Clara, Gabriela Goncalves, Tiago Parreira, and Jean-Christophe Giger. 2013. “Rape-Victim Empathy Scale (REMV): An Exploratory Study in a Portuguese Sample.” Psychological Thought 6 (2): 283–295.
Ficher, Donald G., L. Wendy, and W. McDonald. 1998. “Characteristics of Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse.” Child Abuse Neglect 221: 915–929.
Fua, Dominique. 1997. “Agressions sexuelles: connaître la victime et ses attentes.” Le Journal des Psychologues 1441: 30–31.
Geninet, Isabelle, and André Marchand. 2007. “La recherche de sens à la suite d’un évènement traumatique.” Santé mentale au Québec 32 (2): 11–35.
Gilmore, Kate, and Lise Pittman. 1993. To Report or not to Report: A Study of Victims/Survivors of Sexual Assault and Their Experience of Making an Initial Report to the Police. Melbourne: Centre Against Sexual Assault (CASA House) and Royal Women’s Hospital.
Goffman, Erving. 1981. Façons de parler. Traduit de l’anglais par Alain Kihm. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
Gold, Steven N., Dawn M. Hughes, and Janine M. Swingle. 1999. “Degrees of Memory of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Women Survivors in Therapy.” Journal of Family Violence 14 (1): 35–46.
Gregory, Jeanne, and Sue Lees. 1999. Policing Sexual Assault. London: Routledge.
Gregory-Bills, Therese, and Melanie Rhodeback. 1995. “Comparative Psychopathology of Women who Experienced Intra-familial versus Extra-familial Sexual Abuse.” Child Abuse and Neglect 191: 177–189.
Grice, Paul H. 1975. “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, 3, ed. by Peter Cole, and Jerry Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.
Grossen, Michèle, and Anne Salazar Orvig. 2011. “Third Parties’ voices in a Therapeutic Interview.” Text & Talk 31 (1): 53–76.
Jacques, Francis. 1985. L’espace logique de l’interlocution. Paris: PUF.
Jeanneret, Thérèse. 1999. La coénonciation en français. Approches discursive, conversationnelle et syntaxique. Berne: Peter Lang.
Kellogg, Nancy D., and Shirley W. Menard. 2003. “Violence Among Family Members of Children and Adolescents Evaluates for Sexual Abuse.” Child Abuse & Neglect 27 (12): 1367–1376.
Kelly, Liz. 2002. A Research Review on the Reporting, Investigation and Prosecution of Rape Cases. London: Her Majesty’s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate.
Konradi, Amanda, and Tina Burger. 2000. “Having the Last Word: An Examination of Rape Survivors’ Participation in Sentencing.” Violence Against Women 6 (49): 353–397.
Lacan, Jacques. 1981. Le séminaire, livre III, Les psychoses, 1955–1956. Paris: Le Seuil.
Lee, Jenny S. 2007. “Comfort Women and the Stockholm Syndrome: The Psychological Trauma of Sexual Victimization in Warfare.” The Undergraduate Journal of Psychology 201: 12–15.
Levinson, Stephen C. 1979. “Activity Types and Language.” Linguistics 171: 365–399.
McArthur, Margaret J. 1990. “Reality Therapy With Rape Victims.” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 4 (6): 360–365.
Mack, Kathy. 1998. ““You Should Scrutinise her Evidence with Great Care”: Corroboration of Women’s Testimony About Sexual Assault.” In Balancing the Scales: Rape, Law Reform and Australian Culture, ed. by Patricia Easteal , 59–75. Sydney: The Federation Press.
MacKinnon, Catharine. 2008. “Rape as “Torture”? Catharine MacKinnon and Questions of Feminist Strategy.” Feminist Legal Studies 16 (1): 71–85.
Magalhães, Teresa, Francisco Taveira, Patricia Jardim, Liliana Santos, Eduarda Matos, and Agostinho Santos. 2009. “Sexual Abuse of Children. A Comparative Study of Intra and Extra-Familial Cases.” Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 161: 455–459.
Mason, Fiona, and Zoe Lodrick. 2012. “Psychological Consequences of Sexual Assault.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 271: 27–37.
Monnet, F-P., A. Soussy, P-B. Monnet, and O. Diamant-Berger. 1989. “Approche psychopathologique de victimes de violences sexuelles à partir de l’expérience vécue du service médico-judiciaire de l’Hôtel-Dieu à Paris.” Déviance et Société 13 (4): 339–351.
Richard-Zappella, Jeanine. 2007. “Lorsque de l’indicible nait le désir de dire.” In Confidence / Dévoilement de soi dans l’interaction, ed. by Catherine Kerbrat-Orechioni, and Véronique Traverso, 313–318. Tubingen: Niemeyer.
Russell, Diana E-H. 1986. The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women. New York: Basic Book.
Salmona, Muriel. 2009. Conséquences des troubles psychotraumatiques et de leurs mécanismes neurobiologiques sur la prise en charge médicale et judiciaire des victimes de viols. Available at [URL]
Steketee, Gail, and Edna B. Foa. 1987. “Rape Victims: Post-Traumatic Stress Responses and Their Treatment. A Review of the Literature.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 11: 69–86.
Suarez, Eliana, and Gadalla Tahany M. 2010. “Stop Blaming the Victim: A Meta-Analysis on Rape Myths.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25 (11): 2010–2035.
Summit, Roland C. 1983. “The Child Abuse Accommodation Syndrome.” Child Abuse & Neglect 71: 177–193.
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1981. Mikhaïl Bakhtine: le principe dialogique. Paris: Le Seuil.
Trognon, Alain, and Martine Batt. 2002. “Logique interlocutoire d’un incipit.” In Les modèles du discours au défi d’un ‘dialogue romanesque’, ed. by Eddy Roulet, and Marcel Burger, 403–459. Nancy: PUN.
Vanderveken, Daniel. 1988. Les actes de discours. Essai de philosophie du langage et de l’esprit sur la signification des énonciations, Philosophie et langage. Liège: Pierre Mardaga.
Van Gijseghem, Hubert. 1999. Us et abus de la mise en mots en matière d’abus sexuel. Montréal: Méridien.
Weigand, Edda. 2007. “Vivre la vie et raconter la vie. La confidence dans la vie quotidienne et la confidence en confidence en literature.” In Confidence/ dévoilement de soi dans l’interaction, ed. by Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni, and Véronique Traverso, 393–406. Tubingen: Niemeyer.
Woodhams, Jessica, Clive R Hollin, Ray Bull, and Claire Cooke. 2011. “Behavior Displayed by Female Victims During Rapes Committed by Lone and Multiple Perpetrators.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 18 (3): 415–452.