Cover not available
Part of
Microparameters in the Grammar of Basque
Edited by Beatriz Fernández and Jon Ortiz de Urbina
[Language Faculty and Beyond 13] 2016
► pp. 221–242

Strategies of verb and verb phrase focus across Basque dialects

| UPV | EHU
| CUNY-Queens College | Graduate Center
In this chapter we study four different strategies available in Basque dialects to focalize the verb and the verb phrase: (i) verb doubling, (ii) ba-insertion, (iii) V1 strategy, and (iv) expletive egin insertion. We argue that the four constructions reflect different ways of complying with morphophonological requirements of foci, including the requirement that foci be capable of bearing sentence stress. In particular, we argue that these strategies reflect selective deletion of material (PF repair operations) that would otherwise violate these constraints (Bošković and Nunes 2007). In so doing, the discussion provides a partially unified analysis of these four constructions.
Keywords: expletive insertion, focus, scattered deletion, stress
Published online: 9 September 2016
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lfab.13.08elo
References
Abels, Klaus
2001 “The predicate cleft construction in Russian.” Formal Approaches to Slavic linguistics (FALS) 9:1-18. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.Google Scholar
Aboh, Enoch O.
2007 “Leftward focus versus rightward focus: the Kwa-Bantu Conspiracy.” SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15: 81-104.Google Scholar
Altube, Seber
1929 Erderismos. Indautxu, Bilbo, 2nd edition.Google Scholar
Arejita, Adolfo
1980 “Aditzaren galdegai funtzioaz.” Euskera 25, 355–369.Google Scholar
1984 Euskal Joskera. Bilbao: Labayru.Google Scholar
1988 “Focalizaci6n del verbo en la oraci6n subordinada.” en Estudios de Lengua y Literatura, Universidad de Deusto, 39-54.Google Scholar
Azkue, Resurrección M.
1923 Morfología vasca (Gramática Básica Dialectal del Euskera). Tomo I: Los afijos vascos; tomo II: Categorías gramaticales. Zalla-Bilbo: La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca.Google Scholar
Aurrekoetxea, Gotzon
1995 Bizkaieraren egituraketa geolinguistikoa. Leioa: UPV-EHUko Argitarapen Zerbitzua/ Serie Tesis doctorales UPV/EHU.Google Scholar
Bošković, Zeljko and Nunes, Jairo
2007 “The copy theory of movement: a view from PF.” In The Copy Theory of Movement, Norbert Corver and Jairo Nunes (eds.), 13-74. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam
2000 “Minimalist inquiries: the framework.” In Step by step. Essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, David M.Roger Martin, Juan Uriagereka (eds.), 83-155. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Cinque, Giuglielmo
1993 “A null theory of phrase and compound stress.” Linguistic Inquiry 24, 239-298.Google Scholar
Elordieta, Arantzazu
2001 Verb Movement and Constituent Permutation in Basque. HIL/Leiden University, LOT Dissertation Series, 47.Google Scholar
2009 “Aldaera sintaktikoak aditzaren fokalizazioan.” Lapurdum 13: 99-112. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010 “Aditzaren bikoizketa foku-topikoa denean.” In Euskara eta euskarak: aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztergai [Supplements of ASJU 52], Beatriz Fernández, Pablo Albizu and Ricardo Etxepare (eds.), 37-54. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.Google Scholar
Elordieta, Arantzazu and Jouitteau, Mélanie
2010 “Verb-doubling in Basque and Breton”, talk delivered at the 4th European Dialect Syntax Meeting , Donostia.
Elordieta, Arantzazu and Haddican, William
2014 “Truncation feeds intervention: Two clause-type effects in Basque.” Presented at GLOW 37, Brussels, April 2-4, 2014.
submitted for publication). Mapping clause type effects in Basque. Ms., UPV/EHU-CUNY-Queens College.
Etxepare, Ricardo and Ortiz de Urbina, Jon
2003 “Focalization.” In A Grammar of Basque, José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 460-516. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Etxepare, Ricardo and Uribe-Etxebarria, Myriam
2009 “Hitz hurrenkera eta birregituraketa euskaraz.” ASJU 43, 335-356.Google Scholar
Etxepare, Ricardo
2010 “Omen bariazioan.” In Euskara eta euskarak: aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztergai [Supplements of ASJU 52], Beatriz Fernández, Pablo Albizu and Ricardo Etxepare (eds.), 85-112, Bilbo: UPV/EHU.Google Scholar
Euskaltzaindia
1977 “Aditz sintetikoa.” Euskera XXII (2): 785-850.Google Scholar
1985 Euskal Gramatika. Lehen Urratsak-I. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.Google Scholar
Gilisasti Iñaki
2003 [1997] Urduliz aldeko Berba lapikokoa. Bilbo: Uribe Kostako Mankomunitatea.Google Scholar
Haddican, Bill
2005 Aspects of Language Variation and Change in Contemporary Basque. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
2007 “On egin: Do-support and VP focus in Central and Western Basque.” Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 25: 735–764. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harbour, Daniel
2008 “ Klivaj predika, or predicate clefts in Haitian.” Lingua 118, 853–871. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holmberg, Anders
2015 “Verb second.” In Syntax - Theory and Analysis. An International Handbook, vol. 1, Tibor Kiss and Artemis Alexiadou (eds.), 342-382. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio and Jon Ortiz de Urbina
(eds.) 2003 A Grammar of Basque. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Irurtzun, Aritz
2007 The Grammar of Focus at the Interfaces. Ph.D. dissertation, UPV/EHU.Google Scholar
This volume. “Strategies for argument and adjunct focalization in Basque.”
Jo, Jung Min
2003 “Variations in predicate cleft constructions in Korean: epiphenomena at the syntax-PF interface.” Presented at the 10th Harvard International Symposium on Korean Linguistics .
Jouitteau, Mélanie
2008 “The brythonic reconciliation.” Linguistic Variation Yearbook 7: 163-200. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010 “A typology of V2 with regard to second position phenomena: An introduction to the V1/V2 volume.” Lingua 120 (2): 197-209. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011 “Post-syntactic excorporation in realizational morphology: Evidence from Breton.” In Formal Approaches to Celtic Linguistics, Andrew Carnie (ed.), 115-142. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Google Scholar
Julien, Marit
2009 “Embedded V2 in Norwegian and Swedish.” Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 80: 103-161.Google Scholar
Kandybowicz, Jason
2007 “On fusion and multiple copy spell-out: the case of verbal repetition.” In The Copy Theory of Movement, Norbert Corver and Jairo Nunes (eds.), 119-150. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Koopman, Hilda
1984 The Syntax of Verbs: from Verb Movement Rules in the Kru Languages to Universal Grammar. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Laka, Itziar
1990 Negation in Syntax, on the Nature of Functional Categories and Projections. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Landau, Idan
2006 “Chain reduction in Hebrew V(P)-fronting.” Syntax 9: 32-66. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2007 “Constraints on partial VP-fronting.” Syntax 10 (2): 127-164. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leu, Thomas
2015 “Generalized X-to-C in Germanic.” Studia Linguistica 69 (3): 272-303. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Manfredi, Victor
1993 “Verb focus in the typology of Kwa/Kru and Haitian.” In Focus and Grammatical Relations in Creole Languages, Francis Byrne and Donald Winford (eds.), 3-51. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Martins, Ana M.
2007 “Double realization of verbal copies in European Portuguese emphatic affirmation.” In The Copy Theory of Movement, Norbert Corver and Jairo Nunes (eds.), 77-118. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nunes, Jairo
2004 Linearization of Chains and Sideward Movement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon
1989 Some Parameters in the Grammar of Basque. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
1994 “Verb-initial patterns in Basque and Breton.” Lingua 94, 125–153. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2002 « Focus of correction and remnant movement in Basque.” In Erramu Boneta. Festschrift for Rudolf PG de Rijk, Xabier Artiagoitia, Patxi Goenaga and Joseba A. Lakarra (eds.), 511-524. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.Google Scholar
2003 “Modal particles.” In A Grammar of Basque, José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 316-322. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Osa, Eusebio
1990 Euskararen hitzordena komunikazio zereginaren arauera. Ph.D. dissertation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).Google Scholar
Rebuschi, Georges
1983 “A note on focalization in Basque.” ASJU 4: 29-42. [Reprinted in Essais de Linguistique Basque. [Supplements of ASJU 35], George Rebuschi (ed.) 1997, 31-41. Donostia: UPV/EHU and Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia]Google Scholar
Reinhart, Tania
1995 Interface Strategies. Utrecht: OTS Working Papers in Linguistics, Utrecht University. [Published in 1998, by MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.]Google Scholar
Reinhart, Tania and Neeleman, Ad
1998 “Scrambling and the PF Interface.” In The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors, Wilhelm Geuder and Miriam Butt (eds.), Stanford: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
de Rijk, Rudolf P.
2008 Standard Basque: A Progressive Grammar. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Ian
2004 “The C-system in Brythonic Celtic languages, V2, and the EPP.” In The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, vol. 2, Luigi Rizzi, (ed.), 297-327. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan
1999 “Minimal restrictions on Basque movements.” Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17, 403–444. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zuazo, Koldo
1998 “Euskalkiak, gaur.” Fontes Linguae Vasconum: Studia et documenta 30: 191-234.Google Scholar
2003 Euskalkiak: Herriaren Lekukoak. Donostia: Elkar.Google Scholar
2008 Euskalkiak: Euskararen Dialektoak. Donostia: Elkar.Google Scholar
2010 El euskera y sus dialectos. Donostia: Alberdania.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 2 other publications

Monforte, Sergio
2022. Modalitate-markatzaileak: partikula modalak ote dira euskarazko partikula modalak? [Marcadores de modalidad: ¿son realmente las partículas modales del vasco partículas modales?]. Fontes Linguae Vasconum :132 ► pp. 515 ff. DOI logo
Trotzke, Andreas & Sergio Monforte
2019. Basque question particles. Linguistic Variation 19:2 ► pp. 352 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 17 november 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.