This investigation studies the second language (L2) development of variable future-time expression in French. One hundred and eighteen nonnative speakers at four proficiency levels and 30 native speakers completed a written-contextualized task (WCT), a language-proficiency test and a background questionnaire. The verb form (inflectional future, periphrastic future, and present) selected for each item on the WCT was coded for three independent linguistic factors: presence of a lexical temporal indicator, temporal distance and (un)certainty. Multinomial logistic regression tests and a follow-up analysis of high and low frequency of the present demonstrated that this form plays a complex role in native-speaker variability and is acquired late in contexts of future-time reference for nonnative speakers.
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The expression of temporality by L2 learners of French and English: Acquisition of time, aspects and modality
. University Paul Valéry Montpellier, France, 22-24 May 2014. [URL].
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Cited by (14)
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Kanwit, Matthew
2024. Restructuring in L2 Spanish Future-Time Variation: The Evolving Roles of Contextual Sensitivity and Individual Variability in Morphological Development Over Time. Journal of the European Second Language Association 8:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Solon, Megan & Matthew Kanwit
2022. New Methods for Tracking Development of Sociophonetic Competence: Exploring a Preference Task for Spanish /d/ Deletion. Applied Linguistics 43:4 ► pp. 805 ff.
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2021. Future or Movement? The L2 Acquisition of Aller + V Forms. Languages 6:1 ► pp. 16 ff.
Blondeau, Hélène & Isabelle Lemée
2020. Future Temporal Reference in L2 French Spoken in the Laurentian Region: Contrasting Naturalistic and Instructed Context. The Canadian Modern Language Review 76:1 ► pp. 70 ff.
LaCross, Lisa
2019. Pragmatic trends in French future variant selection. Journal of Pragmatics 149 ► pp. 114 ff.
2018. On the role of the present indicative in variable future-time reference in Hexagonal French. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 63:1 ► pp. 42 ff.
2017. A concept-oriented analysis of future-time reference in native and near-native Hexagonal French. Journal of French Language Studies 27:3 ► pp. 381 ff.
2017. How L2 learners of French and English express modality using verbal means: A crosslinguistic and developmental study. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 55:3
Gudmestad, Aarnes & Amanda Edmonds
2016. Variable future-time reference in French: A comparison of learners in a study-abroad and a foreign-language context. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 61:3 ► pp. 259 ff.
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