Language battles in the Linguistic Landscape of a divided capital
A comparative study of political economies of Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot commercial establishments
In this paper we explore multilingual practices in the Linguistic Landscape which are geared towards commercial
goals. We study simultaneously the commercial areas of two conflict-affected communities in Nicosia (Cyprus) which are divided by
a UN-controlled buffer zone. Ledras (Greek-Cypriot) is a street in the south and Arasta (Turkish-Cypriot) is in the north of the
divide. We investigate how these communities’ political economies and ideologies shape language choice in public space and how the
language of the other community, namely Greek or Turkish, is discursively framed as economically valuable or worthless.
Photographs of shopfront signs and a thematic analysis of interviews with shopkeepers revealed that language choice in Nicosia’s
commercial area is highly strategic. We demonstrate that this area is a politically and economically charged space where language
battles, triggered by power relations, differing language hierarchies, ideologies, and political economies, become visible in the LL.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The political economy of language and space
- 3.Conflict and political economy in Cyprus
- 4.Language, ideologies and conflict in Cyprus
- 5.Research methods
- 5.1Data collection
- 5.2Analytical framework
- 6.Analysis
- 6.1Language as economic resource
- 6.2Language as part of the division
- 6.3Language as act of everyday peace
- 7.Discussion and conclusions
- Note
-
References
References (48)
References
Amara, M. (2019). Arabisation, globalisation, and Hebraisation reflexes in shop names in the Palestinian Arab Linguistic Landscape in Israel. Language and Intercultural Communication, 19 (3), 272–288.
Ben-Rafael, E., Shohamy, E., Amara, M. H., & Trumper-Hecht, N. (2006). Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International Journal of Multilingualism, 3 (1), 7–30.
Block, D. (2017). Political economy in applied linguistics research. Language Teaching, 50 (1), 32–64.
Bourdieu, P. (1977). The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social Science Information, 16 (6), 645–668.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power, ed. J. B. Thompson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1977). Reproduction in education, society and culture. London: Sage.
Calvi, M. V., & Uberti-Bona, M. (2020). Negotiating languages, identities and space in Hispanic linguistic landscape in Milan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 41 (1), 25–44.
Charalambous, P., Charalambous, C., & Rampton, B. (2017). De-securitizing Turkish: Teaching the language of a former enemy, and intercultural language education. Applied Linguistics, 38 (6), 800–823.
CYSTAT. (2013). Population by age, sex, language spoken and district. [URL]
Del Percio, A., Flubacher, M., & Duchêne, A. (2017). Language and political economy. In O. García, N. Flores, & M. Spotti (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language and Society (pp. 55–76). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Duchêne, A., & Heller, M. (2012). Multilingualism and the new economy. In M. Martin-Jones, A. Blackledge & A. Creese. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism (pp. 369–383). London: Routledge.
Fotiou, C. (2022). English in Cyprus. English Today, 1–7.
Gal, S. (1989). Language and political economy. Annual Review of Anthropology, 181, 345–367.
Hadjioannou, X., Tsiplakou, S. & Kappler, M. (2011). Language policy and language planning in Cyprus. Current Issues in Language Planning, 12 (4), 503–569.
Heller, M. (2011). Paths to post-nationalism: A critical ethnography of language and identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hult, M., & Kelly-Holmes, H. (2019). Spectacular language and creative marketing in a Singapore tailor shop. International Journal of Multilingualism, 16 (1), 79–93.
Irvine, J. (1989). When talk isn’t cheap: Language and political economy. American Ethnologist, 16 (2), 248–267.
Jacobson, D., Musyck, B., Orphanides, S. & Webster, C. (2009). The opening of Ledra street/Lokmaci crossing in April 2008: Reactions from citizens and shopkeepers. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
Karoulla-Vrikkis, D. (2010). 50 years of language policy in the Republic of Cyprus. Promotion of, Cypriot or European identity? In C. Perikleous (Ed.), Republic of Cyprus 50 years: A painful path (pp. 130–157). Athens: Papazisi.
Karoulla-Vrikkis, D. (2013). Public and commercial signs in Cyprus: Should language policy foster an identity? In M. Karyolemou & P. Pavou (Eds.), Language policy and planning in the Mediterranean world (pp. 210–222). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Lipovsky, C. (2019). Belleville’s linguistic heterogeneity viewed from its landscape. International Journal of Multilingualism, 16 (3), 244–269.
Lou, J. (2007). Revitalizing Chinatown into a heterotopia: A geosemiotic analysis of shop signs in Washington, DC’s Chinatown. Space and Culture, 101, 170–194.
Mac Ginty, R. (2021). Everyday peace: How so-called ordinary people can disrupt violent conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Makriyianni, C., Psaltis, C., & Latif, D. (2011). History teaching in Cyprus. In E. Erdmann, & W. Hasberg (Eds.), Facing mapping, bridging diversity: Foundations of a European discourse on history education (pp. 91–138). Germany: Wochen Schau Wissenschaft.
Mallinson, W. (2009). A modern history of Cyprus. London: I. B. Tauris.
Miles, M., Huberman, M., & Saldana, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. London: Sage.
Muth, S. (2014). Linguistic Landscapes on the other side of the border: Signs, language and the construction of cultural identity in Transnistria. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2271, 25–46.
Nikolaou, A. (2017). Mapping the linguistic landscape of Athens: The case of shop signs. International Journal of Multilingualism, 14 (2), 160–182.
Özgür Gazete. (2023). En çok geçiş yapılan sınır kapısı, Ay.Demet-Metehan oldu. Retrieved from [URL]
Öztürk, R. (2009). Kıbrıs Konuşuyor. Turkey: Kesit Yayınları.
Papadakis, Y. (2005). Echoes from the dead zone: Across the Cyprus divide. London: I.B. Tauris.
Pavlenko, A. (2009). Language conflict in post-Soviet Linguistic Landscapes. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 17 (1–2), 247–274.
Şahin, S. (2022). Reporting conflict and peace in Cyprus: Journalism Matters. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan.
Saldana, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. London: Sage.
Shang, G., & Guo, L. (2017). Linguistic landscape in Singapore: What shop names reveal about Singapore’s multilingualism. International Journal of Multilingualism, 14 (2), 183–201.
Strong, P. (2000). The economic consequences of ethno-national conflict in Cyprus. (Publication No. 301591907) [Doctoral dissertation, London School of Economics, University of London].
Themistocleous, C. (2019). Conflict and unification in the multilingual landscape of a divided city: The case of Nicosia’s border. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 40 (2), 94–114.
Themistocleous, C. (2021). From public to digital spaces: Spatial and media practices of the 2017 ‘Unite Cyprus Now’ peace protests. Discourse, Context & Media, 421.
Trimikliniotis, N., Ioakimoglou, E., & Pantelides, P. (2012). A political economy of division, development, and crisis: Envisioning reunification beyond the Cyprus economic miracle. In N. Trimikliniotis & U. Bozkurt (Eds.). Beyond a divided Cyprus: A state and society in transformation (pp. 217–247). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Trinch, S., & Snajdr, E. (2020). What the signs say: Language, gentrification and place-making in Brooklyn. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
Trumper-Hecht, N. (2009). Constructing national identity in mixed cities in Israel: Arabic on signs in the public space of Upper Nazareth. In E. Shohamy, & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the scenery (pp. 238–252). London: Routledge.
Tum, D. O., Kunt, N., & Kunt, M. (2016). Language learning in conflictual contexts: A study of Turkish-Cypriot adolescents learning Greek in Cyprus. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 29 (2), 207–224.
Vandenbroucke, M. (2016). Socio-economic stratification of English in globalized landscapes: A market-oriented perspective. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20 (1), 86–108.
Weyers, J. (2016). English shop names in the retail landscape of Medellín, Colombia. English Today, 126 (32:2), 8–14.
Yorucu, V., Mehmet, O., Alpar, R. & Ulucay, P. (2010). Cross-border trade liberalization: The case of Lokmaci/Ledra gate in divided Nicosia, Cyprus. European Planning Studies, 18 (10), 1749–1764.
Yuan, M. (2019). Submission and resistance in the English linguistic landscape of Chaoshan. English Today, 138 (35: 2), 20–28.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Karpava, Sviatlana
2024.
Linguistic landscape of Pyla, a bi-communal village in Cyprus: multilingualism, ethnolinguistic vitality and internationalisation.
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.