The L1’s role in the foreign language classroom has always been fraught with controversy due to the dominance of the target language only principle. This chapter analyses this issue by letting teachers have their say, sharing their teaching experiences and reflecting upon how they use the L1 and L2 in their CLIL classes. Three discussion groups were organised, as this method serves to capture and analyse ideological discourses and encourages participants to express their perspectives and unearth contradictions. Analysis of the results indicates that current practices are arbitrary and that most teachers make decisions based on their beliefs, teaching experience and intuition.
Barcelos, A.M.F., & Kalaja, P. (2011). Introduction to beliefs about SLA revisited. System, 39, 281–289.
Borg, S. (2003). Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching, 36 (2), 81–109.
Butzkamm, W. (1998). Code-switching in a bilingual history lesson: The mother tongue as a conversational lubricant. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1 (1), 81–99.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gablasova, D. (2014). Issues in the assessment of bilingually educated students: expressing subject knowledge through L1 and L2. The Language Learning Journal, 42 (2), 151–164.
García, O. (2009). Bilingual education in the 21st century. A global perspective. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kang, D.-M. (2008). The classroom language use of a Korean elementary school EFL teacher: Another look at TETE. System, 36, 214–226.
Kubanyiova, M. (2014). Motivating language teachers: Inspiring vision. In D. Lasagabaster, A. Doiz, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), Motivation and foreign language learning: From theory to practice (pp. 71–89). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kuzborska, I. (2011). Links between teachers’ beliefs and practices and research on reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 23 (1), 102–128.
Lasagabaster, D. (2013). The use of the L1 in CLIL classes: The teachers’ perspective. LACLIL, Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning, 6(2), 1–21.
Lasagabaster, D., & Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (Eds.). (2010). CLIL in Spain: Implementation, results and teacher training. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Lee, J. H., & Macaro, E. (2013). Investigating age in the use of L1 or English-only instruction: Vocabulary acquisition by Korean EFL learners. The Modern Language Journal, 97(4), 887–901.
Littlewood, W., & Yu, B. (2011). First language and target language in the foreign language classroom. Language Teacher, 44(1), 64–77.
McMillan, B., & Turnbull, M. (2009). Teachers’ use of the first language in French immersion: Revisiting a core principle. In M. Turnbull, & J. Dailey-O’Cain (Eds.), First language use in second and foreign language learning (pp. 15–34). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Méndez, M. C., & Pavón, V. (2012). Investigating the coexistence of the mother tongue and the foreign language through teacher collaboration in CLIL contexts: Perceptions and practice of the teachers involved in the plurilingual programme in Andalusia. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(5), 573–592.
Pedrosa, B., & Lasagabaster, D. (2011). Exploring beliefs, multilingual language awareness raising, and the Pygmalion effect. In S. Breidbach, D. Elsner, & A. Young (Eds.), Language awareness in teacher education: Cultural-political and social-educational perspectives (pp. 259–275). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Swain, M., Kirkpatrick, A., & Cummnins, J. (2011). How to have a guilt-free life using Cantonese in the English class: A handbook for the English language teacher in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Research Centre into Language Acquisition and Education in Multilingual Societies, Hong Kong Institute of Education.
Then, D. C.-O. & Ting, S.-H. (2011). Code-switching in English and science classrooms: More than translation. International Journal of Multilingualism, 8(4), 299–323.
Zhang, F., & Liu, Y. (2014). A study of secondary school English teachers’ beliefs in the context of curriculum reform in China. Language Teaching Research, 18(2), 187–204.
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