From planned language to language planning
Esperantists’ activities in China in 1911–1958
This paper explores how Esperanto (Esperantists) plays an important role in
Chinese language reform during 1911–1958. It divides the period into three
stages and describes Esperantists’ activities from three perspectives
accordingly: roles, goals/results and motives. The paper reveals Esperantists’
roles have transformed from “people with influence” to “people with expertise”
and then “people with power.” From the perspective of goals/results, the first
stage failed because it didn’t achieve the goals as expected while the second
and third stages were successful. In order to further explain reasons for the
failure or success, this article goes on to analyze the three stages from Ager’s
7i Model (motives). It shows that these motives as social
factors largely affecting language planning are not of paramount importance in
accounting for the different results. The paper concludes that the study of
planned language will be valuable for language planning through the case of
Esperantists’ activities in Chinese language reform and suggests further
investigations on different language schemes associated with Esperantists in
China.
Article outline
- Roles of Esperantists
- Ends and effects of Esperantists’ activities
- A.The revolutionary period
- B.The invention period
- C.The reform period
- Motives of Esperantists’ activities
- Identity, ideology and image
- Insecurity and inequality
- Integration and instrumentality
- Summary of Esperantists’ motives in Chinese language reform
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
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