The standardization process of the Basque language presents some unusual characteristics. Although some of the first authors to publish in Basque in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries explicitly remarked on the difficulties brought about by dialectal diversity, very little progress in the standardization of the language was made until the second half of the twentieth century. Even the impact of the rise of Basque nationalism at the end of the nineteenth century was not entirely positive, since the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party favored the development of a different written variety for each of the Basque provinces. The extreme puristic and neologizing tendency of some writers at the time was also a source of obstacles on the path towards standardization. A Basque language academy was founded in 1918 with the unification of the written language as one of its main goals, but it made essentially no progress until the linguist Luis Michelena (Mitxelena) presented a report to the Basque Academy in 1968 on the bases for a written standard language. From then on, other stages in the standardization process have taken place very rapidly. This new standard has enjoyed enormous success and in a few decades has become firmly established in Basque society.
Aduriz, Itziar, Jose M. Arriola, Xabier Artola, Zuhaitz Beloki, Nerea Ezeiza & Koldo Gojenola
2020. Morfeus+: Word parsing in Basque beyond morphological segmentation. Word Structure 13:3 ► pp. 283 ff.
Altavilla, Jennifer, Paula Elosua & Guillermo Solano-Flores
2023. Academic achievement in a language revitalisation context: a study on the influence of language and socioeconomic factors. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44:10 ► pp. 1092 ff.
2015. The Impact of Language Policy on Language Revitalization. In Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union [Multilingual Education, 13], ► pp. 315 ff.
Ayres-Bennett, Wendy
2020. From Haugen’s codification to Thomas’s purism: assessing the role of description and prescription, prescriptivism and purism in linguistic standardisation. Language Policy 19:2 ► pp. 183 ff.
Ayres-Bennett, Wendy
2021. Modelling Language Standardization. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Standardization, ► pp. 27 ff.
2021. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Standardization,
Barroso, Nora, Karmele Lopez-de-Ipina & Pilar M. Calvo
2015. 2015 4th International Work Conference on Bioinspired Intelligence (IWOBI), ► pp. 163 ff.
Cenoz, Jasone
2012. Bilingual educational policy in higher education in the Basque Country. Language, Culture and Curriculum 25:1 ► pp. 41 ff.
Ciriza, Maria del Puy
2012. Basque natives vs. Basque learners: The construction of the Basque speaker through satire. Discourse, Context & Media 1:4 ► pp. 173 ff.
Elordui, Agurtzane
2018. Vernacularisation of media: stylistic change in Basque youth media. Multilingua 37:6 ► pp. 561 ff.
Elordui, Agurtzane
2018. Vernaculars in the stylization of new Basque youth media identities: Is there a realignment of ideological relations?. Discourse, Context & Media 26 ► pp. 82 ff.
Elordui, Agurtzane & Jokin Aiestaran
2022. Basque in Instagram: A scalar approach to vernacularisation and normativity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 26:4 ► pp. 505 ff.
Elosua, Paula
2024. A Three-Step DIF Analysis of a Reading Comprehension Test Across Regional Dialects to Improve Test Score Validity. Language Assessment Quarterly► pp. 1 ff.
Gandarillas, Marc
2021. John Considine (ed.). 2019. The Cambridge World History of Lexicography
. International Journal of Lexicography 34:2 ► pp. 265 ff.
Gondra, Ager
2021. Null Direct Object Clitics in Basque Spanish: A Study Across Four Generations. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14:2 ► pp. 349 ff.
Gondra, Ager
2024. Ideological effects of language revitalisation and standardisation on traditional home language speakers: the case of Basque. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development► pp. 1 ff.
2013. PelloSalaburu and XabierAlberdi. The Challenges of a Bilingual Society in the Basque Country. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada, Reno, Center for Basque Studies. 2012. 222 pp. Pb (9781935709305) $19.95.. Journal of Sociolinguistics 17:3 ► pp. 407 ff.
Rodríguez‐Ordóñez, Itxaso
2021. The role of social meaning in contact‐induced variation among new speakers of Basque. Journal of Sociolinguistics 25:4 ► pp. 533 ff.
2024. ‘I came to the Basque Country, and now I have to learn their language’. Migrant students’ attitudes towards the use of a minority language. International Journal of Multilingualism► pp. 1 ff.
Wolpert, Max, Simona Mancini & Sendy Caffarra
2017. Addressee Identity and Morphosyntactic Processing in Basque Allocutive Agreement. Frontiers in Psychology 8
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.