Vol. 21:2 (2021) ► pp.281–321
Gradability across grammatical domains
This paper argues that ordered abstract scales are applicable to analyses of a range of grammatical domains. We argue this based on data from a number of unrelated languages, primarily Logoori (Bantu, JE 41; Kenya). The Logoori verb kudoka can be translated into English as ‘to arrive’/‘to reach,’ ‘to be enough,’ and ‘must,’ depending on its linguistic context. We propose that these meanings arise from a single semantic denotation that is sensitive to a shared gradable component in the semantics of linguistic expressions referring to spatial paths, gradable predicates, measures of plural count nouns/mass nouns, and modals. The central theoretical issue addressed in this paper is the application of ordered, abstract scales in a model of grammar. This data and proposal is an important contribution to the literature arguing for a gradable model of modality (Lassiter 2014, 2017b, among others).
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Logoori data
- 2.1Background on Logoori
- 2.2Degree use of kudoka (‘to be enough’)
- 2.3Amount use of kudoka (‘to be enough’)
- 2.4Spatial use of kudoka (‘to arrive’/‘to reach’)
- 2.5Modal use of kudoka (‘must’)
- 3.Background on gradability
- 3.1Gradability and adjectives (PCLs)
- 3.2Gradability and plural count/mass nouns
- 3.3Gradability and spatial paths
- 3.4Gradability and modality
- 4.Analysis
- 4.1Components of our analysis
- 4.2Application of our analysis
- 4.2.1Degree use (‘to be enough’)
- 4.2.2Amount use (‘to be enough’)
- 4.2.3Spatial use (‘to arrive’/‘to reach’)
- 4.2.4Modal use (‘must’)
- 4.3Recap
- 5.An alternate analysis: Shifting to degrees
- 6.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Abbreviations
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References
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].
https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.20003.bow