Missing and not found
What adjectival agreement reveals about determinerless headlines in Dutch and German
This paper offers novel insights on articlelessness in noun phrases in Dutch and German headlines. Modified noun
phrases that lack a determiner in headlines exhibit adjectival agreement that cannot be explained if one assumes an article that
is phonologically null or that has been PF-deleted. We describe the pattern, consider different analytical options and eventually
conclude that the interpretation, distribution as well as the observed adjectival agreement characteristic of articlelessness noun
phrases calls for an account in which the article is never projected to begin with.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The representation of articleless nouns in Dutch and German headlines
- 2.1Analytical option 1: PF-deletion
- 2.2Analytical option 2: Null Article insertion
- 2.3Analytical option 3: DP-less noun phrases
- 3.Evidence from adjectival agreement
- 4.Summary and further discussion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References
References (58)
References
Carlson, Gregory. (1977). Reference
to kinds in English. PhD dissertation, University of Massachussetts, Amherst.
Bennis, Hans. (2015). Korterlands.
Anarchie in de schrijftaal. Amsterdam: Prometheus/Bert Bakker.
Bobaljik, Jonathan. (2000). The
Ins and Outs of contextual allomorphy. In Kleanthes K. Grohmann and Caro Struijke (eds), University
of Maryland Working Papers in
Linguistics 101, 35–71.
Boŝković, Željko. 2008. What
will you have, DP or NP? In Emily Elfner and Martin Walkow (eds), Proceedings
of the North East Linguistic
Society 371, 101–114. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
Boŝković, Željko. 2012. On
NPs and clauses. In Günther Grewendorf and Thomas Ede Zimmermann (eds), Discourse
and grammar: From sentence types to lexical
categories, 179–242. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Boŝković, Željko. 2014. Now
I’m a phase, now I’m not a phase: On the variability of phases with extraction and
ellipsis. Linguistic
Inquiry 451, 27–89.
Broekhuis, Hans and Marcel den Dikken. (2012). Syntax
of Dutch. Nouns and noun phrases Vol.
2. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Bruening, Benjamin, Xuyen Dinh and Lan Kim. (2018). Selection
and idioms and the structure of nominal phrases with and without classifiers. Glossa: a journal
of general linguistics 3 (1):42.
Chierchia, Gennaro. (1998). Reference
to Kinds across Languages. Natural Language
Semantics 61, 339–405.
Contreras, Heles. (1986). Spanish
bare NPs and the ECP. In Ivonne Bordelois and Heles Contreras (eds), Generative
studies in Spanish
syntax, 25–49. Dordrecht: Foris.
Corver, Norbert. (1997). The
internal syntax of the Dutch extended adjectival projection. Natural Language and Linguistic
Theory 151, 289–368.
Dayal, Veneeta. (2004). Number
marking and (in)definiteness in kind terms. Linguistics and
philosophy 271, 393–450.
De Lange, Johanna. (2008). Article
omission in headlines and child language: a processing approach. PhD
Dissertation, Utrecht University.
De Swart, Henriette, Yoad Winter and Joost Zwart. (2006). Bare
nominals and reference to capacities. Natural Language and Linguistic
Theory 251, 195–222.
Doreleijers, Kristel, Marjo van Koppen and Jacomine Nortier. (2019). Lidwoordomissie
in Moroccan Flavoured Dutch. Nederlandse Taalkunde/Dutch
Linguistics 23:3, 291–322.
Farkas, Donka and Henriette de Swart. (2009). Stability
and variation in article choice: generic and episodic
contexts. In Anastasia Giannakidou and Monika Rathert (eds), Quantification,
Nominalization and
Definiteness, 188–213. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Geist, Ludmilla. (2010). Bare
singular NPs in argument position: restrictions on indefiniteness. International review of
Pragmatics 21, 191–227.
Heim, Irene. (2011). Definiteness
and indefiniteness. In Klaus von Heusinger, Claudia Maienborn and Paul Portner (eds) Semantics.
An International Handbook of Natural Language
Meaning. Vol. 21, 996–1025 Berlin: de Gruyter.
Jenks, Peter. 2018. Articulated
definiteness without articles. Linguistic
Inquiry 49:3, 501–536.
Kester, Ellen-Petra. (1996). The
nature of adjectival inflection. PhD dissertation, Utrecht University.
Kratzer, Angelika. (1998). Scope
or Pseudoscope? Are There Wide Scope Indefinites? In Susan Rothstein (ed.), Events
and
Grammar, 163–196. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Leu, Thomas. (2008). The
internal syntax of determiners. PhD dissertation, New York University.
Leu, Thomas. (2015). Generalized
x-to-C in Germanic. Studia
Linguistica 69:3, 272–303.
Longobardi, Giuseppe. (1994). Reference
and proper names. Linguistic
Inquiry 25:4, 609–665.
Milner, Judith and Jean-Claude Milner. (1972). La
morphologie du groupe nominal en allemand. DRLAV 2. Université de Paris VIII.
Murphy, Andrew. (2018). Pronominal
inflection and NP ellipsis in German. Journal of Comparative Germanic
Linguistics 21:3, 327–379.
Napoli, Donna Jo. (1982). Initial material deletion in
English. Glossa: a journal of general
linguistics 16:1, 85–111.
Odijk, Jan. 1992. Uninflected
adjectives in Dutch. In Reineke Bok-Bennema and Roeland van Hout (eds), Linguistics
in the Netherlands
1992, 197–208. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Oosterhof, Albert. (2008a). Deletie
van het bepaald lidwoord in het Noord-Gronings. Taal &
Tongval 211, 73–108.
Partee, Barbara. (1987). Noun
phrase interpretation and type shifting principles. In Jeroen Groenendijk, Dick de Jong and Martin Stokhof (eds), Studies
in Discourse Representation Theories and the Theory of Generalized
Quantifiers, 115–143. Dordrecht: Foris.
Pfaff, Alexander. (2017). Adjectival
inflection as diagnostic for structural position: inside and outside the Icelandic definiteness
domain. The Journal of Comparative Germanic
Linguistics 20:3, 283–322.
Philippa, Marlies, Frans Debrabandere, Arend Quak, Tanneke Schoonheim and Nicoline van der Sijs. (2003–2009). Etymologisch
Woordenboek van het Nederlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Reinhart, Tanya. (1997). Quantifier
scope: How labor is divided between QR and choice functions. Linguistics and
Philosophy 201, 335–397.
Roehrs, Dorian. (2015). Inflections
on pre-nominal adjectives in Germanic: main types, subtypes and subset relations. Journal of
Comparative German
Linguistics 181, 213–271.
Salzmann, Martin. (2020). The
NP vs. DP debate. Why previous arguments are inconclusive and what a good argument could look like. Evidence from agreement
with hybrid nouns. Glossa: a journal of general
linguistics 5(1): 83.
Sandig, Barbara. (1971). Syntaktische
Typologie der Schlagzeile: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Sprachökonomie im
Zeitungsdeutsch. München: Max Hueber Verlag.
Schlenker, Philippe. (1999). La
flexion de l’adjectif en allemand: la morphologie de haut en bas. Recherches linguistiques de
Vincennes 281, 115–132.
Schoorlemmer, Erik. (2012). Definiteness
marking in Germanic: morphological variations on the same syntactic theme. Journal of
Comparative German
Linguistics 151, 107–156.
Šimik, Radek and Márketa Burianová. (2020). Definiteness
of bare NPs as a function of clausal position. A corpus study of
Czech. In Tania Ionin and Jonathan Eric MacDonald (eds), Formal
Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 26: The Urbana-Champaign Meeting
2017, 343–361. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications.
Stowell, Tim. (1991). Empty
heads in abbreviated English. GLOW abstract, GLOW Newsletter #26.
Trenkic, Danijela. (2004). Definiteness
in Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian and some implications for the general structure of the nominal
phrase. Lingua 1141, 1401–1427.
Tseng, Jesse. (2009). Adjectival
inflection in Dutch. York Papers in
Linguistics 21: 10.
Vangsnes, Øystein. (1999). The
Identification of Functional Architecture. PhD
dissertation, University of Bergen.
Weir, Andrew. (2009). Article
drop in English headlines. MA thesis, University College London.
Weir, Andrew. (2012). Left-edge
deletion in English and subject omission in diaries. English Language and
Linguistics 16:1, 105–29.
Weir, Andrew. (2013). Article
drop in headlines and truncation in CP. Poster presented
at SLA.
Winter, Yoad. (1997). Choice
functions and the scopal semantics of indefinites. Linguistics and
Philosophy 201, 399–467.
Winter, Yoad. (2000). DP
Structure and Flexible Semantics, Proceedings of the North East Linguistics
Society 30:2, Article
21.
Zamparelli, Roberto. (1995). Layers
in the determiner phrase. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester.
Zimmermann, Thomas Ede. (1993). On the proper treatment of
opacity in certain verbs. Natural Language
Semantics 11, 149–79.
Zlatić, Larissa. (1997). The
structure of the Serbian Noun Phrase. PhD
dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Weir, Andrew & Liliane Haegeman
2024.
Register Variation: Core Grammar and Periphery. In
Reference Module in Social Sciences,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.