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Article published In:
The Mental Lexicon
Vol. 15:2 (2020) ► pp.330–365

Can a bilingual lexicon be sustained by phonotactics alone?

Evidence from Ecuadoran Quichua and Media Lengua

| The Pennsylvania State University
This study focuses on bilingual speakers of Ecuadoran Quichua and the mixed language known as Media Lengua, which consists of Quichua morphosyntactic frames with all content word roots relexified from Spanish. For all intents and purposes, only the lexicon – more specifically, lexical roots – separate Media Lengua from Quichua, and yet speakers generally manage to keep the two languages apart in production and are able to unequivocally distinguish the languages in perception tasks. Two main questions drive the research effort. The first, given the very close relationships between Quichua and Media Lengua, is whether each language has a distinct lexicon, or a single lexical repository is shared by the two languages. A second and closely related question is the extent to which language-specific phonotactic patterns aid in language identification, possibly even to the extent of constituting the only robust language-tagging mechanism in a joint lexicon. Using lexical-decision and false-memory tasks to probe the Quichua-Media Lengua bilingual lexical repertoire, the results are consistent with a model based on a single lexicon, partially differentiated by subtle phonotactic cues, and bolstered by contemporary participants’ knowledge of Spanish as well as Quichua.
Keywords: Quichua, Media Lengua, Spanish, Ecuador, bilingual lexicon, lexical decision, false-memory
Article outline
  • The role of the bilingual lexicon in language identification
  • Quichua and Media Lengua in Ecuador
  • The ecological setting of Media Lengua
  • Quichua, Media Lengua, and Spanish phonotactics
  • Experiment #1: Lexical false memory
    • Participants
    • Materials
    • Procedure
    • Results and discussion
  • Experiment #2: Within-language lexical decision
    • Participants
    • Materials
    • Procedure
    • Results and discussion
  • Experiment #3: Cross-language lexical decision
    • Participants
    • Materials
    • Procedure
    • Results and discussion
  • Experiment #4: Dual-language lexical decision
    • Participants
    • Materials
    • Procedure
    • Results and discussion
  • General discussion
    • One lexicon or two?
    • The possible role of phonotactic patterns
    • Contributions to the mixed-language debate
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 6 November 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.19024.lip
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