Latin brutes, sapo,
burdo
The Germanic languages have adopted many words borrowed
from Latin during the time of the Roman Empire (e.g. ModE
wine, NHG Mauer < Latin
vīnum, mūrus ‘wall’). The medieval Germanic languages,
on the other hand, left their traces in Romance during the time Germanic
peoples settled on former Roman territory (e.g. Fr. guerre,
salle < Franc. *werra ‘quarrel’,
*sali- ‘hall, house’). Yet, there is a third and older
group of words which are quoted in Latin literature and inscriptions long
before the Roman Empire came to an end and individual Romance languages
emerged. Well known examples are glaesum ‘amber’ and
ūrus ‘aurochs’. Some of these words became established
as loanwords in Latin, while the status of others is less clear. My paper
focuses on three examples from this group — brutes, sapo
and burdo – and the methodological and analytical
implications connected to their investigation. The main questions are if and
how a Germanic origin can be substantiated and what kinds of processes might
have been involved.
Article outline
- Loans, quotes, substitutions: Latin-Germanic language contact
- The historical context
- The phonology of borrowing
- The morphology of borrowing
- Example 1: Lat. brutes, brutis, bruta
- Example 2: Lat. sapo and related
- Example 3: Lat. burdō ‘mule’
- Author queries
-
References
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