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Part of

From Logic to Rhetoric: Translated from the French original edition, Paris, 1982
Michel Meyer
[Pragmatics & Beyond VII:3] 1986
► pp. v–vi

Table of contents

Introduction1

Part One: Logic and Language3

1. Frege or the Recourse to Formalization3

1.1. Logic before Frege3

1.2. Function and concept5

1.3. The ideography and the principles of Fregean language theory7

1.4. Sense and reference8

1.5. Sense and meaning10

1.6. Conclusion14

2. Russell's Synthesis17

2.1. Formalization and natural language17

2.2. Definite descriptions19

2.3. Propositional functions20

2.4. The theory of types28

2.5. Conclusion33

3. Wittgenstein: From Truth Tables to Ordinary Language and the Implications of Generalized Analyticity35

3.1. The Russellian heritage and its contradictions35

3.2. The immanence of logic in language37

3.3. Sense and reference38

3.4. The language image (the picture theory of language)41

3.5. Negation and the other logical constants46

3.6. The Tractatus as initiation into silence49

3.7. Ordinary language and its rules55

3.8. Conclusion: Russell vs. Wittgenstein, a heritage61

4. Hintikka or the Theory of Possible Worlds65

4.1. Introduction65

4.2. Referential opacity65

4.3. Ontological commitment and the elimination of single terms with Quine68

4.4. Possible worlds and propositional attitudes70

4.5. The implications of the alternativeness relation and the theory of modus74

4.6. The ontological commitment75

4.7. The interpretation of quantification as a question and answer game77

4.8. Wittgenstein and Hintikka: A concluding comparison83

Part Two: Language and Context85

5. Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics and Argumentation85

5.1. The three levels of language85

5.2. Logical syntax86

5.3. Formalization and natural language88

5.4. The renewal of argumentation89

5.5. Perelman's new rhetoric92

5.6. Argumentation in language or the ‘new linguistics’ of Anscombre and Ducrot94

5.7. Conclusion96

6. Dialectic and Questioning99

6.1. Dialectic and Socrates100

6.2. The middle dialogues: Dialectic and the hypothetical method105

6.3. The late period: The question of being or the shift from the question to being110

7. Argumentation in the Light of a Theory of Questioning115

7.1. Why language?115

7.2. The two major categories of forms115

7.3. What is to be understood by ‘question’ and ‘problem’?117

7.4. The autonomization of the spoken and the written118

7.5. The proposition as proposition of an answer121

7.6. What is meaning?121

7.7. Meaning as the locus of dialectic129

7.8. Argumentation130

7.9. Literal and figurative meaning: The origin of messages ‘between the lines’133

Footnotes137

References143

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