We explore how client-centred empathy is practiced within a specific interaction type: troubles telling sequences. Building on the work of Carl Rogers, who viewed empathy as a form of understanding that privileges the client’s point of view, empathy is examined as an interactional achievement in which clients create empathic opportunities by displaying their affectual stance, followed by therapists taking up these opportunities through affiliative displays. We found that empathic practices could be realized through a variety of verbal (naming other’s feelings, formulations, co-completions) and non-verbal resources (nodding, smiling). Further, we found that continuers played an important role in helping clients to develop their troubles stance in more detail, which, in turn, invited more explicit empathic displays from therapists.
Antaki, Charles. 2008. “Formulations in Psychotherapy.” In Conversation Analysis and Psychotherapy, ed. by Anssi Pärakylä, Charles Antaki, Sanna Vehviläinen, and Ivan Leudar, 26–42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Antaki, Charles, Rebecca Barnes, and Ivan Leudar. 2005. “Diagnostic Formulations in Psychotherapy.”Discourse Studies 7 (6): 627–647.
Bänninger-Huber, Eva. 1992. “Prototypical Affective Microsequences in Psychotherapeutic Interactions.”Psychotherapy Research 2 (4): 291–306.
Bänninger-Huber, Eva. 1996. Mimik, Übertragung, Interaktion: Die Untersuchung affektiver Prozesse in der Psychotherapie. Bern: Hans Huber.
Barrett-Lennard, Godfrey. 1981. “The Empathy Cycle: Refinement of a Nuclear Concept.”Journal of Counselling Psychology 28: 91–100.
Biber, Douglas, and Edward Finegan. 1989. “Styles of Stance in English: Lexical and Grammatical Marking of Evidentiality and Affect.”Text 9 (1): 93–124.
Bruner, Jerome. 1986. Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Greenberg, Leslie, Laura Rice, and Robert Elliot. 1993. Facilitating Emotional Change. New York: The Guildford Press.
Haakana, Markku. 2001. “Laughter as a Patient’s Resource: Dealing with Delicate Aspects of Medical Interaction.”Text 21: 187–220.
Heritage, John. 2011. “Territories of Knowledge, Territories of Experience: Empathic Moments in Interaction.” In The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation, ed. by Tanya Stivers, Lorenza Mondada, and Jakob Steensig, 159–183. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heritage, John, and Geoffrey Raymond. 2005. “The Terms of Agreement: Indexing Epistemic Authority and Subordination in Talk-in-Interaction.”Social Psychology Quarterly 68 (1): 15–38.
Heritage, John, and Rod Watson. 1979. “Formulations as Conversational Objects.” In Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology, ed. by George Psathas, 123–163. New York: Irvington.
Hutchby, Ian. 2005. “‘Active Listening’: Formulations and the Elicitation of Feelings-Talk in Child Counselling.”Research on Language & Social Interaction 38 (3): 303–329.
Jefferson, Gail. 1988. “On the Sequential Organization of Troubles Talk in Ordinary Conversation.”Social Problems 35 (4): 418–442.
Labov, William. 1972. Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.
Labov, William, and Joshua Waletzky. 1967. “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” In Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. by June Helm, 12–44. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
McLeod, John. 1999. “A Narrative Social Constructionist Approach to Therapeutic Empathy.”Counselling Psychology Quarterly 12 (4): 377–394.
Muntigl, Peter, and Loreley Hadic Zabala. 2008. “Expandable Answers: How Clients Get Prompted to Say More During Psychotherapy.”Research on Language and Social Interaction 41 (2): 187–226.
Pudlinski, Christopher. 2005. “Doing Empathy and Sympathy: Caring Responses to Troubles Telling on a Peer Support Line.”Discourse Studies 7: 267–288.
Rennie, David L. 1998. Person-Centred Counselling: An Experiential Approach. London: Sage.
Rogers, Carl R. 1951. Client-Centred Therapy. London: Constable & Robinson.
Rogers, Carl R. 1957. “The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change.”Journal of Consulting Psychology 21 (2): 95–103.
Ruusuvuori, Johanna. 2005. “‘Empathy’ and ‘Sympathy’ in Action: Attending to Patients’ Troubles in Finnish Homeopathic and General Practice Consultations.”Social Psychology Quarterly 68 (3): 204–222.
Ruusuvuori, Johanna. 2007. “Managing Affect. Integration of Empathy and Problem Solving in Two Types of Medical Consultation.”Discourse Studies 9 (5): 597–620.
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson. 1974. “A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation.”Language 50: 696–735.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2000. “On Granularity.”Annual Review of Sociology 26: 715–720.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2007. Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stivers, Tanya. 2008. “Stance, Alignment and Affiliation during Storytelling: When Nodding is a Token of Affiliation.”Research on Language and Social Interaction 41 (1): 31–57.
Suchman, Anthony L., Kathryn Markakis, Howard B. Beckman, and Richard Frankel. 1997. “A Model of Empathic Communication in the Medical Interview.”Journal of the American Medical Association 277 (8): 678–682.
Vehviläinen, Sanna, Anssi Peräkylä, Charles Antaki, and Ivan Leudar. 2008. “A Review of the Conversational Practices of Psychotherapy.” In Conversation Analysis and Psychotherapy, ed. by Anssi Peräkylä, Charles Antaki, Sanna Vehviläinen, and Ivan Leudar, 188–197. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by (8)
Cited by eight other publications
Elliott, Robert, Arthur C. Bohart, Dale G. Larson, Peter Muntigl & Olga Smoliak
2023. Empathic Reflection. In Psychotherapy Skills and Methods That Work, ► pp. 99 ff.
Muntigl, Peter & Adam O. Horvath
2023. Strategic use of observer-perspective questions in couples therapy. Frontiers in Psychology 14
Ekberg, Katie, Stuart Ekberg, Lara Weinglass, Anthony Herbert, Johanna Rendle‐Short, Myra Bluebond‐Langner, Patsy Yates, Natalie Bradford & Susan Danby
2022. Attending to child agency in paediatric palliative care consultations: Adults’ use of tag questions directed to the child. Sociology of Health & Illness 44:3 ► pp. 566 ff.
2019. What do displays of empathy do in palliative care consultations?. Discourse Studies 21:1 ► pp. 22 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.