Chapter 8
Expectation changes over time
How long it takes to process focus imposed by German
sogar
Johannes Gerwien | Heidelberg University Language and Cognition Lab, Heidelberg University
Martha Rudka | Heidelberg University Language and Cognition Lab, Heidelberg University
Focus-sensitive particles (FP) are assumed to
guide comprehenders’ attention by focalizing constituents and
contrasting them to a set of alternatives (Blakemore 2002). However, here we show that
the effect the German FP sogar asserts is not
uniform across different sentences. We then present findings from a
visual world study (Huettig
et al. 2011) which show that, when the FP induces a high
degree of expectation change during incremental online
comprehension, visual attention to focalized targets is delayed.
This suggests that (1) the system attempts to integrate the FP into
the situation model immediately, but that (2) a full model update,
including the calculation of new predictions about upcoming
linguistic material is cognitively demanding in high expectation
change contexts.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Focus particles
- 3.Overview of the experiments in the current study
- 3.1Experiment 1: Determining the degree of expectation change
- 3.1.1Method: Participants, stimuli, design
- 3.1.2Results
- 3.1.3Discussion
- 3.2Experiment 2: Online processing of expectation change induced by
sogar
- 3.2.1Method: Participants, stimuli, design
- 3.2.2Results: Data treatment and analysis
- 3.2.3Discussion
- 4.General discussion
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
-
Appendix
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