Cover not available
Part of
Politeness in Professional Contexts
Edited by Dawn Archer, Karen Grainger and Piotr Jagodziński
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 311] 2020
► pp. 299–322

Chapter 13
The value of facework in crisis negotiation

With a focus on barricade situations

| Manchester Metropolitan University
Keywords: barricade, crisis negotiation, emotion(al state), face(work), hooks, influencing tactics, initial contact, modal worlds, reality paradigm, similarity
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Towards a linguistic toolkit of influencing strategies
    • 1.2The dataset
  • 2.Initial contact
  • 3.Acknowledging anxieties, sowing the seeds of an alternative future
  • 4.Belief-worlds, want-worlds and intent-worlds
  • 5.Influencing through (a temporary) connection
  • 6.(Temporarily) seeing experiences in a new kind of way
  • 7.Value of facework and other pragmatic concepts to crisis negotiators: A summary
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 21 August 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.311.13arc
References
Archer, Dawn, and M. Todd
in press). “Police Crisis Negotiation: An Assessment of Existing Models.” In Handbook of Forensic Linguistics ed. by Malcolm Coulthard, Alison Johnson, and Rui Sousa-Silva London Routledge
Archer, Dawn, Rebecca Smithson, and Ian Kennedy
2018 “Achieving Influence through Negotiation: An Argument for Developing Pragmatic Awareness.” In Legal Pragmatics, ed. by Dennis Kurzon, and Barbara Kryk-Kastovsky, 181–202. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bohl, Nancy
1997 “Post-incident Crisis Counselling for Hostage Negotiators.” In Dynamic Processes of Crisis Negotiation: Theory, Research, and Practice, ed. by Randall G. Rogan, Mitchell R. Hammer, and Clinton R. Van Zandt, 45–56. London: Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Bonoma, Thomas, James Tedeschi, and Bob Helm
1974 “Some Effects of Target Cooperation and Reciprocated Promises on Conflict Resolution.” Sociometry 37: 251–261. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson
1987 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Byrne, Donn
1971 The Attraction Paradigm. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cheney, John, Thomas Harford, and Leonard Solomon
1972 “The Effects of Communicating Threats and Promises upon the Bargaining Process.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 16 (1): 99–107. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cialdini, Robert
2001 [1984] Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. Revised Edition. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Donohue, William A., and Closepet N. Ramesh
1992 “Negotiator-Opponent Relationships.” In Communication and Negotiation, ed. by Linda L. Putnam, and Michael E. Roloff, 209–232. London: Sage. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gavins, Joanna
2007 Text World Theory: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goffman, Erving
1967 Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Greenstone, James L.
2005 The Elements of Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiations: Critical Incidents and How to Respond to Them. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Hammer, Mitchell R.
2007 Saving Lives. The S.A.F.E. Model for Resolving Hostage and Crisis Incidents. Oxford: Westport, Conn., Praeger Security International.Google Scholar
Haugh, Michael
2011 “Humour, Face and (Im)politeness in Getting Acquainted.” In Situated Politeness, ed. by Bethan L. Davies, Michael Haugh, and Andrew J. Merrison, 165–186. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Ireland, Carol A.
2012 “Application of Mental Illness and Cognitive Impairment to the Critical Incident: Considerations and Implications.” In Conflict and Crisis Communication: Principles and Practice, ed. by Carol A. Ireland, Martin Fisher, and Gregory M. Vecchi, 75–92. London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jones, Tricia S.
2006 “Emotion in Mediation: Implications, Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges.” In The Blackwell Handbook of Mediation: Bridging Theory, Research, and Practice, ed. by Margaret S. Hermann, 277–306. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Kolb, Deborah, and Judith Williams
2001 The Shadow Negotiation: How Women Can Master the Hidden Agendas That Determine Bargaining Success. London and New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey
1983 Principles of Pragmatics. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Lester, David
1997 “The Role of Shame in Suicide.” Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 27 (4): 352–361.Google Scholar
Lyndsay, Mark, and David Lester
2004 Suicide by Cop: Committing Suicide by Provoking Police to Shoot You. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company.Google Scholar
McMains, Michael J., and Wayman C. Mullins
2014 Crisis Negotiations: Managing Critical Incidents and Hostage Situations in Law Enforcement and Corrections. Fifth edition. Oxford: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pain, Jean
2009 Not Just Talking: Conversational Analysis, Harvey Sacks’ Gift to Therapy. London: Karnac Books.Google Scholar
Putnam, Linda L., and Michael E. Roloff
1992 “Communication Perspectives on Negotiation.” In Communication and Negotiation, ed. by Linda L. Putnam, and Michael E. Roloff, 1–17. London: Sage Publications. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Slatkin, Arthur A.
2015 Crisis Negotiation for Law Enforcement, Corrections, and Emergency Services: Crisis Intervention as Crisis Negotiation. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher Ltd.Google Scholar
Strentz, Thomas
2013 Hostage/Crisis Negotiations: Lessons Learned from the Bad, the Mad, and the Sad. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher Ltd.Google Scholar
2012 Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation. Second Edition. London and New York: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Paul J.
2002 “A Cylindrical Model of Communication Behaviour in Crisis Negotiations.” Human Communication Research 28: 7–48. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tangney, June P.
1996 “Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Shame and Guilt.” Behavioral Research and Therapy 34: 741–754. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ting-Toomey, Stella
1988 “Intercultural Conflict Styles: A Face-negotiation Theory.” In Theories in intercultural communication, ed. by Young Y. Kim, and William B. Gudykunst, 213–237. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, Stella, and John G. Oetzel
2001 Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Vecchi, Gregory M., Vincent B. van Hasselt, and Stephen J. Romano
2005 “Crisis (Hostage) Negotiation: Current Strategies and Issues in High-risk Conflict Resolution.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 10 (5): 533–551. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Voutilainen, Liisa
2012 “Responding to Emotion in Cognitive Psychotherapy.” In Emotion in Interaction, ed. by Anssi Peräkylä, and Marja-Leena Sorjonen, 235–254. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Werth, Paul
1999 Text Worlds: Representing Conceptual Space in Discourse. London: Longman.Google Scholar