The Mandarin resultative connective suoyi ‘so’ and adversative connective dan(shi) ‘but’ are found to preface interviewer (IR) questions regularly in Chinese TV news interviews. This study draws on a conversational analysis (CA)-oriented micro-analytical approach and examines the form, placement and function of the two connective-prefaced questions. The findings show that IRs employ, on the one hand, a turn-initial suoyi to preface a declarative, alone or followed by a question tag that invokes a prior interviewee (IE) opinion, and, on the other, a turn-initial dan(shi) to preface either a wh-question or a yes/no question and bring forth a point of contrast and transition for questioning. Both questions not only encode IRs’ epistemic stance, but also display their alignment to IEs’ prior talk in different ways.
2006 “Little Words that Matter: Discourse Markers “So” and “Oh” and the Doing of Other-attentiveness in Social Interaction.” Journal of Communication 56: 661–688.
Bolden, Galina B.
2008 “ ‘So What’s Up?’: Using the Discourse Marker So to Launch Conversational Business.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 41 (3): 302–337.
Bolden, Galina B.
2010 “ ‘Articulating the Unsaid’ via And-prefaced Formulations of Others’ Talk.” Discourse Studies 12 (1): 5–32.
Clayman, Steven E.
1992 “Footing in the Achievement of Neutrality: the Case of News-interview Discourse.” In Talk at Work: Interaction in Institutional Settings, ed. by Paul Drew, and John Heritage, 163–198. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Clayman, Steven E.
2010 “Questions in Broadcast Journalism.” In Why Do You Ask? ed. by Alice Freed, and Susan Ehrlich, 256–278. New York: Oxford University Press.
Clayman, Steven E., and John Heritage
2002The News Interview: Journalists and Public Figures on the Air. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Clayman, Steven E., Marc N. Elliott, John Heritage, and Laurie L. McDonald
2018Interactional Linguistics: An Introduction to Language in Social Interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Emmertsen, Sofie
2007 “Interviewers’ Challenging Questions in British Debate Interviews.” Journal of Pragmatics 39 (3): 570–591.
Fang, Mei
2000 “Ziran kouyu zhong ruohua lianci de huayu biaoji gongneng [Reduced conjunctions as discourse markers in natural conversations].” Chinese Language 278: 459–470.
Freed, Alice, and Susan Ehrlich
2010Why Do You Ask? New York: Oxford University Press.
Gao, Hua
2005 “Hanyu zhong de chenshu yiwenju [On Chinese declarative questions].” In New Explorations in Chinese Grammatical Research (Vol. 2), ed. by Jingmin Shao, and Kang Kwong Luke, 307–328. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Press.
1984 “A Change-of-state Token and Aspects of its Sequential Placement.” In Structures of Social Action, ed. by J. Maxwell Atkinson, and John Heritage, 299–345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heritage, John
1985“Analyzing News Interviews: Aspects of the Production of Talk for an Overhearing Audience. In Handbook of Discourse Analysis (Vol. 3): Discourse and Dialogue, ed. by Teun A. van Dijk, 95–117. London: Academic Press.
Heritage, John
2002 “Ad Hoc Inquiries: Two Preferences in the Design of Routine Questions in an Open Context.” In Standardization and Tacit Knowledge: Interaction and Practice in the Survey Interview, ed. by Douglas W. Maynard, Hanneke Houtkoop-Steenstra, Nora C. Schaeffer, and Johannes van de Zouwen, 313–333. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Heritage, John
2003 “Designing Questions and Setting Agendas in the News Interview.” In Studies in Language and Social Interaction: In Honor of Robert Hopper, ed. by Jennifer Mandelbaum, Phillip J. Glenn, and Curtis D. LeBaron, 57–90. London, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Heritage, John
2010 “Questioning in Medicine.” In Why Do You Ask? ed. by Alice Freed, and Susan Enrlich, 20–41. New York: Oxford University Press.
Heritage, John
2012 “Epistemics in Action: Action Formation and Territories of Knowledge.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 45: 1–25.
Heritage, John
2013 “Turn-initial Position and Some of its Occupants.” Journal of Pragmatics 57: 331–337.
Heritage, John
2017 “Turn-initial Particles in English: The Cases of Oh and Well. [URL]
Heritage, John, and David Greatbatch
1991 “On the Institutional Character of Institutional Talk: The Case of News Interviews.” In Talk and Social Structureu: Studies in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, ed. by Deirdre Boden and Don H. Zimmerman, 93–137. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Heritage, John, and Andrew L. Roth
1995 “Grammar and Institution: Question and Questioning in the Broadcast News Interview.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 28 (1): 1–60.
Heritage, John, and Marja-Leena Sorjonen
1994 “Constituting and Maintaining Activities across Sequences: And-prefacing as a Feature of Question Design.” Language in Society 23: 1–29.
Ilie, Cornelia
1999 “Question-response Argumentation in Talk Shows.” Journal of Pragmatics 31 (8): 975–999.
Ilie, Cornelia
2015 “Questions and Questioning.” In The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, ed. by Karen Tracy, Cornelia Ilie, and Todd Sandel, 1257–1271. Boston: John Wiley and Sons.
2019 “Grammatical Constructions and Chinese Discourse.” In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Discourse Analysis, ed. by Chris Shei, 102–115. London: Routledge.
Johnson, A.
2002 “So…?: Pragmatic Implications of So-prefaced Questions in Formal Police Interviews.” In Language in the Legal Process, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 91–110. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Labov, William, and David Fanshel
1977Therapeutic Discourse: Psychotherapy as Conversation. New York: Academic.
Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson
1981Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Los Angeles and Berkeley: UC Press.
Matsumoto, Kazuko
1999 “And-prefaced Questions in Institutional Discourse.” Linguistics 37 (2): 251–274.
2006 “Making Sequentiality Salient: And-prefacing in the Talk of Airline Pilots.” Discourse Studies 8 (2): 279–302.
Raymond, Geoffrey
2003 “Grammar and Social Organization: Yes/No Interrogatives and the Structure of Responding.” American Sociological Review 68: 939–67.
Schegloff, Emanuel A.
1982“Discourse as an Interactional Achievement: Some Uses of “Uh huh” and Other Things that Come between Sentences. In Analyzing Discourse, ed. by Deborah Tannen, 71–93. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Schegloff, Emanuel A.
1984 “On Some Questions and Ambiguities in Conversation.” In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversational Analysis, ed. by J. Maxwell Atkinson, and Paul Drew, 28–52. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, Emanuel A.
2007Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis I. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schiffrin, Deborah
1987Discourse Markers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Stivers, Tanya, and Makoto Hayashi
2010 “Transformative Answers: One Way to Resist a Question’s Constraints.” Language in Society 39: 1–25.
Tao, Hongyin, and Sandra A. Thompson
1994 “The Discourse and Grammar Interface: Preferred Clause Structure in Mandarin Conversation.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 29 (3): 1–34.
van Dijk, Teun. A.
1979 “Pragmatic Connectives.” Journal of Pragmatcs 3: 447–456.
Wang, Chueh-chen, and Lillian M. Huang
2006 “Grammaticalization of Connectives in Mandarin Chinese: A Corpus-based Study.” Language and Linguistics 7 (4): 991–1016.
Wooffitt, Robin
2005 “Conversation Analysis and Power.” In Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis: A Comparative and Critical Introduction, ed. by Robin Wooffitt, 137–157. London: Sage.