Theory of Mind (ToM) is a neurocognitive system that allows the perceiver to attribute mental
states, such as intentions, beliefs, or feelings, to others’ actions. The aim of the present work is to analyse the engagement of
the ToM system in communication, in particular, in communicative intention processing. To this aim, we propose an
Intention Processing Network (IPN) with its own principles and mechanisms, that is, a brain network
differentially engaged according to the complex intertwining of the context, goal, and action involved. According to our IPN
model, a set of brain regions of the ToM system (i.e. left and right temporoparietal junction, precuneus, and medial prefrontal
cortex) are differentially involved in comprehending different types of intention, such as private or social intentions. We
provide independent and convergent evidence on the role of the IPN model in communicative intention processing and we show that
the engagement of the IPN does not depend upon the communicative means used, that is, written language, auditory language, or
gesture. Evidence deriving from different experimental paradigms, including neuroimaging, lesion, neurodegenerative, and brain
stimulation studies are discussed. In our view, this evidence establishes a link between ToM and pragmatics studies and suggests
the role of intention processing as a core feature of human communication.
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