This paper points out that a major shift of paradigm is currently going on in the study of the human face and it seeks to articulate and to develop the fundamental assumptions underlying this shift. The main theses of the paper are: 1) Facial expressions can convey meanings comparable to the meanings of verbal utterances. 2) Semantic analysis (whether of verbal utterances or of facial expressions) must distinguish between the context-independent invariant and its contextual interpretations. 3) Certain components of facial behavior (“facial gestures”) do have constant context-independent meanings. 4) The meanings of facial components and configurations of components have an inherent first-person and present tense orientation. 5) The basis for the interpretation of facial gestures is, above all, experiential. 6) The meanings of some facial expressions are universally intelligible and can be interpreted without reference to any local conventions. 7) To be fruitful, the semantic analysis of facial expressions needs a methodology. This can be derived from the methodological experience of linguistic semantics. The author illustrates and supports these theses by analyzing a range of universally interpretable facial expressions such as the following ones: “brow furrowed” (i.e. eyebrows drawn together); eyebrows raised; eyes wide open; corners of the mouth raised; corners of the mouth lowered; mouth open (while not speaking); lips pressed together; upper lip and nose “raised” (and, consequently, nose wrinkled).
2023. The Temporal Alignment of Speech-Accompanying Eyebrow Movement and Voice Pitch: A Study Based on Late Night Show Interviews. Behavioral Sciences 13:1 ► pp. 52 ff.
Heliasz-Nowosielska, Celina
2023. Multimodalność w narracjach o komunikacji. Relacjonowanie działań komunikacyjnych, a ich werbalne i niewerbalne sposoby realizacji,
Bowcher, Wendy L & Jennifer Yameng Liang
2022. Sculpting the interpersonal: towards a social semiotic framework for analysing interpersonal meaning in statues. Visual Communication► pp. 147035722210940 ff.
Mazzocconi, Chiara, Ye Tian & Jonathan Ginzburg
2022. What’s Your Laughter Doing There? A Taxonomy of the Pragmatic Functions of Laughter. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 13:3 ► pp. 1302 ff.
Ginzburg, Jonathan, Chiara Mazzocconi & Ye Tian
2020. Laughter as language. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5:1
Allott, Nicholas
2019. Scientific Tractability and Relevance Theory. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 29 ff.
Barceló, Axel & Robert J. Stainton
2019. Quasi-Factives and Cognitive Efficiency. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 53 ff.
Bezuidenhout, Anne
2019. Noun-Noun Compounds from the Perspective of Relevance Theory. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 174 ff.
Blakemore, Diane
2019. Expressive Epithets and Expressive Small Clauses. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 137 ff.
Breheny, Richard
2019. Language Processing, Relevance and Questions. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 42 ff.
Carston, Robyn
2019. Ad Hoc Concepts, Polysemy and the Lexicon. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 150 ff.
Carston, Robyn, Billy Clark & Kate Scott
2019. Introduction. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 1 ff.
Escandell-Vidal, Victoria
2019. Evidential Explicatures and Mismatch Resolution. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 66 ff.
Falkum, Ingrid Lossius
2019. Metaphor and Metonymy in Acquisition. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 205 ff.
Fretheim, Thorstein
2019. The Polysemy of a Norwegian Modal Adverb. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 163 ff.
Furlong, Anne
2019. Adaptations as Communicative Acts. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 267 ff.
Gregoromichelaki, Eleni & Ruth Kempson
2019. Procedural Syntax. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 187 ff.
Grigoroglou, Myrto & Anna Papafragou
2019. The Development of Pragmatic Abilities. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 102 ff.
Ifantidou, Elly
2019. Relevance and Metaphor Understanding in a Second Language. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 218 ff.
Jary, Mark & Mikhail Kissine
2019. Mood and the Analysis of Imperative Sentences. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 115 ff.
Matsui, Tomoko
2019. Component Processes of Irony Comprehension in Children. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 231 ff.
Moeschler, Jacques
2019. Representation and Metarepresentation in Negation. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 80 ff.
Noh, Eun-Ju
2019. The Korean Sentence-Final Suffixcias a Metarepresentational Marker. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 127 ff.
Reboul, Anne
2019. Pronouns in Free Indirect Discourse. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 93 ff.
Kate Scott, Billy Clark & Robyn Carston
2019. Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation,
Smith, Neil
2019. The Source of Relevance. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 21 ff.
Sperber, Dan
2019. Personal Notes on a Shared Trajectory. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 13 ff.
Unger, Christoph
2019. Allegory in Relation to Metaphor and Irony. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 240 ff.
Wharton, Tim & Claudia Strey
2019. Slave of the Passions. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 253 ff.
Han, Zhengrui & Hongqiang Zhu
2018. Stance markers in television news presentation: Expressivity of eyebrow flashes in the delivery of news. Semiotica 2018:221 ► pp. 279 ff.
Wharton, Tim
2016. That bloody so-and-so has retired: Expressives revisited. Lingua 175-176 ► pp. 20 ff.
Fernández-Dols, José-Miguel & Carlos Crivelli
2015. Recognition of Facial Expressions: Past, Present, and Future Challenges. In Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication, ► pp. 19 ff.
Bruder, Martin, Dina Dosmukhambetova, Josef Nerb & Antony S. R. Manstead
2012. Emotional signals in nonverbal interaction: Dyadic facilitation and convergence in expressions, appraisals, and feelings. Cognition & Emotion 26:3 ► pp. 480 ff.
Nissan, Ephraim
2012. The Forensic Disciplines: Some Areas of Actual or Potential Application. In Computer Applications for Handling Legal Evidence, Police Investigation and Case Argumentation [Law, Governance and Technology Series, 5], ► pp. 841 ff.
Sobol-Shikler, Tal
2011. Automatic inference of complex affective states. Computer Speech & Language 25:1 ► pp. 45 ff.
Cruz, Manuel & Marta Dynel
2009. Book Reviews. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5:2
Dostie, Gaétane
2004. Bibliographie. In Pragmaticalisation et marqueurs discursifs [Champs linguistiques, ], ► pp. 265 ff.
Laval, V & M Guidetti
2004. La pragmatique développementale : état des lieux et perspectives. Psychologie Française 49:2 ► pp. 121 ff.
Shikler, T. S. & P. Robinson
2004. Recognising Expression in Speech for Human Computer Interaction. In Designing a More Inclusive World, ► pp. 153 ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. Subject Index. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 314 ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. References. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 279 ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. Author Index. In Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation, ► pp. 313 ff.
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