Stephen D. Krashen

Ozerk, Kamil and Stephen D. Krashen 2001 Subject Matter Teaching in Bilingual Education: Impact on Bilingual and Monolingual Students ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 131/132, pp. 1–10 | Article

Urdu and Turkish speaking children acquiring Norwegian as a second language learned more subject matter in bilingual classes than comparison students in monolingual Norwegian-only classes. Monolingual native speakers of Norwegian learned the same amount of subject matter in bilingual and… read more

Cho, Grace and Stephen D. Krashen 2000 The Role of Voluntary Factors in Heritage Language Development: How Speakers Can Develop the Heritage Language on Their Own. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 127/128, pp. 127–140 | Article

Dupuy, Beatrice and Stephen D. Krashen 1998 From Lower-Division to Upper-Division Foreign Language Classes: Obstacles to Reaching the Promised Land ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 119/120, pp. 1–7 | Article

Stokes, Jeffery, Stephen D. Krashen and John Kartchner 1998 Factors in the Acquisition of the Present Subjunctive in Spanish: The Role of Reading and Study ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 121/122, pp. 19–25 | Article

University level students of Spanish were tested on their (acquired) competence in the subjunctive. Free reading in Spanish was a significant predictor of subjunctive competence, but length of residence in a Spanish-speaking country, formal study, and specific study of the subjunctive were not… read more

Lee, Sy-Ying and Stephen D. Krashen 1997 Writing Apprehension in Chinese as a First Language ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 115/116, pp. 27–37 | Article

First year high school students in Taiwan filled out a questionniare probing their writing anxiety and leisure reading and writing habits in Chinese. A strong relationship was found between reported writing apprehension and frequency of leisure writing, confirming results reported by Daly and… read more

Mason, Beniko and Stephen D. Krashen 1997 Can Extensive Reading help Unmotivated Students of EFL Improve? ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 117/118, pp. 79–84 | Article

University level students of English as a Foreign Language in Japan, enrolled in a special class for students who had failed English, did a semester of extensive reading in place of the traditional curriculum. Their gains in reading comprehension were significantly greater than a comparison group… read more

Lao, Christy Y., Stephen D. Krashen, Barry C. Gribbons, Janice Schafrik-Arenault and William B. Michael 1996 Conversational Language Proficiency among International Students at the University Level: Personal Hypotheses versus Actual Practice ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 113/114, pp. 245–262 | Article

A common assumption is that international students in English-speaking countries have well-developed competence in academic language, but have deficiencies in conversational language. This assumption is in contrast to the situation among limited English speaking children (CUMMINS, 1989). If true,… read more

Lee, Yon Ok, Stephen D. Krashen and Barry Gribbons 1996 The Effect of Reading on the Acquisition of English Relative Clauses ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 113/114, pp. 263–273 | Article

49 adult acquirers of English as a second language took two tests probing restrictive relative clause competence. The amount of reported pleasure reading done by subjects were the only significant predictor of both measures. Neither years of formal study nor length of residence in the United… read more

Krashen, Stephen D. and Howard White 1991 Is Spelling Acquired or Learned? A Re-analysis of Rice (1897) and Cornman (1902) ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 91/92, pp. 1–48 | Article

Krashen, Stephen D. 1979 Adult Second Language Acquisition as Post-Critical Period Learning ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 43, pp. 39–52 | Article

Curtiss, Susan, Victoria Fromkin and Stephen D. Krashen 1978 Language Development in the Mature (minor) Right Hemisphere ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 39/40, pp. 23–37 | Article

Krashen, Stephen D., James Butler, Robert Birnbaum and Judith Robertson 1978 Two Studies in Language Acquisition and Language Learning ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 39/40, pp. 73–92 | Article

Articles