Four patterns describe how bilingualism affects the functional connectivity of the brain. First, a general observation across most of the studies I surveyed was that bilinguals tended to have higher functional connectivity when compared to monolinguals. Second, increased connectivity with the… read more
The lasting impact of Ellen Bialystok’s research on bilingualism has been momentous. In this concluding chapter, we synthesize the arguments and evidence presented in previous chapters to explain how her impressive contributions have helped inform our understanding of multilingual experiences,… read more
Evaluation of the cognitive level of older adults, including decisions about meeting clinical thresholds for dementia, is typically based on behavioral levels of performance. However, individuals with high cognitive reserve will outperform the levels typically associated with their brain… read more