This study compares L2 acquisition and attrition sequences of the syntax and semantics of numeral classifier systems in light of considerations of markedness, frequency, and the regression hypothesis. In classifier data elicited from adult learners and attriters of two unrelated languages, Japanese… read more
This study replicates the investigation of missionary vocabulary acquisition reported in the previous chapter in an examination of vocabulary attrition in the same population following the mission. Time since the period spent overseas is found to be the strongest predictor of returnee vocabulary… read more
This chapter reports a study of the L2 oral fluency of missionaries who were learning Japanese in Japan and of returnees from the same population back in the United States. Hesitation phenomena in their oral narratives were measured, and related to measures of their second language proficiency.… read more
This chapter examines vocabulary acquisition by adult learners of six mission languages: German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Portuguese and Spanish. Although the data show little relationship between pre-mission L2 exposure and mission vocabulary acquisition, the length of exposure time on the… read more
This chapter extends the line of research which has recently applied the savings paradigm from cognitive psychology to vocabulary relearning. L2 data from 304 returned missionaries from Japan and Korea provide evidence of the strongest savings effect yet reported in studies of lexical reactivation.… read more
This chapter is an overview of research on the L2 vocabulary acquisition, attrition and relearning of LDS missionaries. The first section summarizes studies which used a common research design to examine both the learning and the loss of L2 vocabulary in three East Asian and three Indo-European… read more
The study focuses on factors which influence the attitudes of children toward standard and nonstandard language varieties. In a multicultural rural community in Hawaii where communicative competence includes to varying degrees a knowledge of both standard English and Hawaii Creole English, data… read more